Detection of Empty Slots in Car Parking System Using Neural Network Method

Parking information system with artificial neural network

Visual sensors are widely used in automatic parking systems, so this paper proposes an algorithm for the visual detection of available parking slots. The proposed system consists of two stages: parking slot recognition and slot occupancy classification. The parking slot recognition stage generates parking slots using the corner features of parking slot markings. The slot occupancy classification stage verifies the availability of the parking slot using the features of detected slots. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively detects available parking slots in AVM images.

Number of vehicles continues to increase in the urban place parallel with the infrastructure advancement. The increase of vehicles on road causes various problems and obstacles to find an empty parking slot. This problem often causes congestion, waste more effort and time-consuming process especially during rush hours when many people are driving for various reasons. In this paper, we explore the concept of smart parking based on the application of their categories and explain the classification from various parking support technologies. Present developed parking system supported by various technologies and the category. Classified the application function of this survey. The application of this smart parking application might assist in reducing congestion and other issue by manage the parking process. Achieve the key objective of this research as stated by various scientist and researcher to deliver an advanced parking system. Conducted by developing an application interface base on a mobile, desktop and web. It is an excellent determination for the parking management to deliver a real-time information update on the parking area, which is the point of interest as an improvement to the existing system and research.

Comparison of the Kriging and neural network methods for modeling foF2 maps over North China region

Increased use of cars that are not balanced with the provision of adequate parking areas and many drivers who park in any place. The existing parking system only utilizes the parking area and the parking attendant who controls it. Motorists also have to find a place that is free of parking officers or drivers do not pay attention to the parking area, the vehicle owner will look for must get out if you do not get a parking space. To overcome this, make a parking system by using a microcontroller system that facilitates vehicle users to understand the number and arrange an empty parking space. The design of this parking system discusses the available parking system which will be notified via LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) and LED (Light Emitting Diode) at the entrance of the parking lot, and also so that it can be used for the total vehicles in the parking lot with LED indicators ( Light Emitting Diode). This design uses the Arduino Nano as a processor to process data. The servo that translates the bar will be driven. When the parking lot is full, the LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) gives information that there is no vacant land, so the parking user goes up to the next floor. From the Arduino test results, Nano can adjust the circuit well, and Ultrasonic sensors can connect vehicles in each parking area, and the servo bars can be opened and closed again.

Car parking is one of the most significant issues in today's world. Parking cars on surrounding roads and pathways can cause unfair traffic jams and thus hampers people's daily activity. To avoid these problems, the development of a smart car parking system is a major concern for several developed countries. At present, most of the previous studies on car parking systems suffer from several limitations such as lack of security, wastage of time, huge money expenses, and lack of user interest-aware car parking system. To overcome existing challenges, this paper presents a user interest and payment-aware automated car parking system using Internet-of-things (IoT) technology. In this paper, an android application for smart car parking is developed for Bangladeshi people that allow users to choose emergency or non-emergency parking slots based on their interest and payment verification. For anti-theft purposes, this system offers an early alert and notification feature. The experimental test results by investigating several use cases depict the suitability of the proposed system.

In this paper we use the method of MRF and neural network to solve the problem of parameters estimation in non-rigid 3D movement. Firstly, the method of MRF is used for modeling the local motion correlation of each feature point, and the 3D coordinates of each feature point are obtained. Then the method of neural network is used for clustering the feature points according to their motion situation. When the neural network reaches stabilization, we can get the motion parameters of each feature point. Finally, we correct the neighborhoods of each feature point according to motion parameters. The experimental results show that our algorithm can correctly estimate the non-rigid motion parameters.

This article has been retracted by the publisher.

An inverse modeling has a possibility to retrieve the concentration of water constituents, such as chlorophyll (alpha) (Chl-(alpha) ), suspended matter (SS) and yellow substance (CDOM), in case 2 water from remotely sensed data. It turned out to be useful for mass processing of satellite data. Standard approach for inversion of radiative transfer needs long computation time, because iteration procedure is essential. On the other hand, Neural Network (NN) method is able to overcome this problem since it is consider to be a kind of non-linear multiple regression method, so that it is possible to retrieve the concentration of multiple water constituents by NN. The NN Method was applied to OCTS (Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner) data in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea to retrieve of chlorophyll a concentration, in organic suspended solids and yellow substances. The large mount of suspended Solids the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea were supplied from the Yellow River (Wei He) and the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang). The temporal and spatial distributions of chlorophyll (alpha) , inorganic mineral suspension and yellow substance were analyzed.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

This research discusses an electric vehicle (EV) relocation problem, wherein multiple types of EVs are transported using heterogeneous trucks. The initial position, battery level of the EVs, and the required number of EVs and empty parking slots at each station are provided as inputs. Relocations are performed during the night, while no EVs are used. Before the end of the relocation planning horizon, each EV must be charged to a certain battery level. The charging process can only be performed when the EV is not being transported. The objectives are to minimise the total transportation costs, the total truck fixed costs, and the total unsatisfied empty parking slot requirements while ensuring that all EV demands are satisfied. A mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model and construction and improvement heuristic approaches are proposed. The results of the computational experiments indicate that the proposed approaches perform well. [Received: 25 February 2019; Accepted: 26 August 2019]

In the field of transportation, one of the technological developments can be found in the parking service system. However, in the current parking service system, there are still several shortcomings, one of which is the absence of a parking system that can provide information to motorists regarding vacant parking locations. If the condition of the parking lot is congested, it will be difficult for customers to find an empty parking location and cause queues at the parking location. The purpose of this study is to design a system for calculating the availability of parking spaces that can make it easier for motorists to find an empty parking area so that the mobility of vehicles in the parking lot can be organized, efficient, and well organized. This smart parking system is designed using an Arduino microcontroller and uses an infrared sensor to detect the condition of the car in the parking lot. The information provided in the form of parking conditions will be displayed through the LCD and the LabView application so that the information can be known by the driver before entering the parking area. In addition, drivers can also find out the number of parking fees for their vehicles. Results of the simulation show that the prototype can work normally according to the design made.

One of most important elements in electric power system planning is load forecasts. So, in this paper proposes the load demand forecasts using de-noising wavelet transform (DNWT) integrated with neural network (NN) methods. This research, the case study uses peak load demand of Thailand (Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand: EGAT). The data of demand will be analyzed with many influencing variables for selecting and classifying factors. In the research, the de-noising wavelet transform uses for decomposing the peak load signal into 2 components these are detail and trend components. The forecasting method using the neural network algorithm is used. The work results are shown a good performance of the model proposed. The result may be taken to the one of decision in the power systems operation.

A Novel and Efficient Hybrid Method to Develop the Fragility Curves of Horizontally Curved Bridges

Multivariate outlier detection and remediation in geochemical databases

Advances in technology today require humans to increase their effectiveness and efficiency in various ways. Basically the purpose of creating a tool is to help human work to be more effective and efficient. Thus, humans are expected to function in a relatively short time, especially when it comes to safety. The parking lot is a medium that is used as a way of getting in and out of vehicles. Anticipating some problems in the parking lot, for example: losing parking papers, losing cars in parking lots, and preventing illegal parking at high levels. Then we need an automatic parking door system. This final project aims to build a prototype of an IoT-based automated parking system.
 This project is a simple parking simulator with a microcontroller device programmed to use the Arduino idea. Hardware integrated with mysql database and run by simple web. The automated parking system is designed using nodemcu lolin, expansion board, 16x2 + i2c LCD adapter, mini mp3 dfplayer, 0.5 watt ohm earbuds, infrared sensor, rfid rc522 and SG90 servo motor. Infrared sensor detects vehicle, rfid receives input by tapping card and then gives output to i2c and web. Furthermore, the output from the LCD goes to the service motor which opens and closes the parking door, and the dfmp3 player, as well as the speaker which makes a sound when the card is tapped. This prototype automatic parking system can provide access and close automatic parking doors which saves time and effort. It can be concluded that the prototype of this IoT automatic parking system can be used as a guide for the development of a better technology.