Detection of human sperm cells using deep learning-based object detection methods

Sperm count and sperm motility in incidental high-grade varicocele

Wildfires cause human casualties, property damage, and significant damage to ecosystems, so prompt fire detection and response are essential. In this study, training and evaluation experiments were performed on the YOLOv3, Faster R-CNN, and Cascade R-CNN models to analyze their real-time wildfire detection performance. The performance of each model was evaluated using precision, recall, mAP 50, mAP 50-95, the model parameter, and frames per second (FPS). The experiment results showed that YOLOv3 had slightly lower overall performance than other models, but the difference was not significant in terms of mAP 50. YOLOv3 had the highest inference speed (48.7 FPS) and an overall mAP 50 of 0.832. On the contrary, Faster R-CNN's overall mAP 50 was 0.835, while Cascade R-CNN showed higher performance with 0.840. Compared to YOLOv3, both models showed relatively low inference speeds (36.2 and 26.3 FPS, respectively). Therefore, the YOLOv3 model is deemed appropriate for real-time fire detection owing to its high inference speed and insignificant wildfire detection performance difference in terms of mAP 50. Future wildfire detection models are expected to improve by optimizing the network structures (e.g., FPN and Head) of 1-Stage models, such as YOLOv3.

Male infertility as a window to health

In this article, Faster R-CNN object detection algorithm is used for automatic weapon detection in X-Ray bag images obtained from security points. In the proposed method, Faster R-CNN model was fed by creating 2 different 3 band images. In the first one, the 3 bands of the image are equalized to the high energy values obtained from the X-Ray device. In the other one, 1st band is equalized to high values, 2nd band is equalized to low values and the 3rd band is equalized to the difference between high energy and low energy values. Performance values of the two different image generation techniques that fed the deep learning model were compared. In the study, X-Ray dataset provided by HTR Company was used. When the results are evaluated, it is seen that Faster R-CNN method can be used in weapon detection with very high performance as a deep learning model and the method of creating images that feed the model has an effect on object detection performance.

Science linking environmental contaminant exposures with fertility and reproductive health impacts in the adult male

The task of target detection is to locate and classify the detected objects in the image. Applying it to the power inspection reduces the manpower and time consumption, improves the efficiency of the inspection work, and is of great significance to ensure the reliability of the power system operation. In this paper, the Faster R-CNN method is applied to the state detection of cotter pins. And the detection process is divided into two parts. The first part is the image preprocessing part, which will expand the date set by adding noise, sharpening, and shadowing on the original date. The cotter pins can be marked by the labeling tool Labelimage. The second part realizes the state detection of the cotter pin by Faster R-CNN model. The target candidate area is closer to the true value because of the unique RPN technology of the Faster R-CNN network. On the basis of the Faster R-CNN network, the update weight adopts L2 regularity to reduce the impact of over-fitting, which also solves the problems of gradient dispersion and gradient explosion to a certain extent. The Tensorflow's deep learning framework is applied in the experiment test to realize the location and classification of the four states: normal cotter pin, cotter pin not split, cotter pin single leg out, and cotter pin missing. The experimental results verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Background Tolnidamine-induced changes have been reported earlier on spermatogenesis, fertility and sperm count in rat, rabbit and langur monkey. The aim of this study is to assess the response of these aspects to tolnidamine in the laboratory mouse. Materials and methods Adult male mice (12-14 weeks old) of Parkes (P) strain were used in the present study. All the animals were divided into five groups. Groups I, II and V were taken as untreated, vehicle-treated initial and vehicle-treated terminal controls, respectively. Meanwhile, animals of Group III were administered with tolnidamine (100mg/kg BW, twice a week) orally for 3, 5 and 7 weeks and killed 24 hrs. after the last injection. Animals of Group IV were administered with the same dose of the tolnidamine for 7 weeks and then sacrificed 5 and 7 weeks after withdrawal of the drug. Tolnidamine-induced changes were evaluated on spermatogenesis, motility and count of epididymal spermatozoa, fertility and accessory sex glands and compared with the untreated and vehicle-treated controls. Results Tolnidamine treatment induced significant decrease in the weights of the testis and epididymis; however, the weights of the accessory sex glands remained unaltered following the treatment. Duration-dependent degenerative changes were noticed in the testicular germinal epithelium showing vacuolization and loosening of the germ cells and Sertoli cells. Percentage motility and count of epididymal spermatozoa declined significantly following administration of tolnidamine. Likewise fertility of the treated males as well as number of the live blastocysts in females impregnated with such males also exhibited a significant decrease when compared with the controls. However, no change was noticed in the mating ability of the mice treated with tolnidamine. The level of seminal vesicular fructose also remained unaltered after the treatment. Withdrawal studies revealed duration-dependent recovery in spermatogenesis, percentage motility and count of spermatozoa and fertility. Conclusion The findings of the present study, therefore, reveal that tonidamine administration in P mice induces reversible inhibition of spermatogenesis, motility and count of spermatozoa and fertility without affecting the androgen-dependent parameters.

There have been numerous studies that suggest that sperm concentrations (sperm counts) are declining in men. However, other studies suggest that sperm counts are not declining or may be increasing in some areas. Although there is disagreement on whether there is a downward temporal trend in sperm counts, the studies provide evidence that sperm counts vary by geographic location. It has been hypothesized that the geographic variation in sperm concentrations may be due to environmental exposures, lifestyle factors, or some unknown causes. To determine whether contemporary ambient levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and p,p-DDE are associated with altered semen quantity and quality, we selected a study population without specific exposure to PCBs or p,p-DDE. The present study presents the results from a pilot study on the relationship between serum PCBs and p,p-DDE and semen quality in 29 subjects recruited from the Massachusetts General Hospital Andrology Laboratory. Of the 29 subjects, 3 had sperm concentrations < 20 million/mL, 7 had < 50% motile sperm, 9 had < 4% normal morphology, and 6 were below normal in more than one semen parameter. The 18 subjects with normal spermatozoa concentration, motility, and morphology were used as comparison subjects. The mean (SE) concentration of the sum of PCBs and p,p-DDE was 242 ng/g lipids (34.0) and 354 ng/g lipids (120), respectively, for men with below normal motility as compared to 202 ng/g lipids (16.6) and 240 ng/g lipids (31.1), respectively, for the comparison subjects. The data showed general trends that were suggestive of an association between PCBs and p,p-DDE and abnormal motility, as well as with sperm concentration and morphology. A full-scale study is currently in progress.

Effects of temperature anomaly on sperm quality: A multi-center study of 33,234 men

Heat wave exposure and semen quality in sperm donation volunteers: A retrospective longitudinal study in south China

Evaluation on sperm parameters of ejaculates with hyperspermia

Background: One of the most important human organs in the respiratory system is the lung. The main function of the lung is the respiration process, which is responsible for pumping air into the body. The health of the lung organs is very important, because if this organ is disturbed it will affect the health of the rest of the body. One of the diseases that attacks the lungs is Tuberculosis (TB). TB disease can be cured, but if it is delayed in getting treatment it can increase the risk of death. Method: This research developed a Smear Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis diagnosis model using the Deep Learning method using the Faster R-CNN algorithm. The data used in this research are x-ray images of the lungs at the Jakarta Repository Center - Indonesian Tuberculosis Eradication Center (JRC-PPTI) clinic, totaling 220 datasets. At the preprocessing stage, the images used for training and testing were used with a size of 1280 x 1280 to see the effect on the accuracy of the prediction results of the Faster RCNN model. The test results are in the form of accuracy values that reflect the performance of the Faster RCNN model in classifying normal (without TB) and abnormal (with TB) test data. Results: The research implementation carried out the training process and testing process for 75% of training images, and 25% for testing images. Training images are labeled using the Img label. In the testing stage of the faster RCNN model, the accuracy value was 62.04%, precision was 40.00%, recall was 64.52% and F1-score was 49.38%. Conclusion: From the results of this research it is concluded that the Faster RCNN model test results using the ResNet 50 model have an accuracy value of 62.04%, Precision of 40.00%, Recall of 64.52% and F1-score of 49.38%.

Polytyrene nanoplastics (NPs) (&lt;1 µm) have high toxicity when entered and accumulated in cells. NPs accumulation causes oxidation stress, thus increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, resulting in necrosis or apoptosis, as well as affecting endogenous antioxidant activity, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Cinnamomum burmanni plant contains flavonoids, cinnamaldehyde, phen, and olic acid, potentially exogenous antioxidants. The study aims to analyze the potential of C. burmanni leaf extract for SOD and CAT levels, sperm quality, epithellia tubulus thickness, tubulus seminiferus diameter, and number of spermatogenic Rattus norvegicus cells exposed to NPs. Twenty-five male R. novergicus are divided into five groups (n = 5): two controls (without and with NPs) and three groups (combination of NPs and variations in extract concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg. The SOD and CAT levels were measured with an ELISA kit. The histology was observed by counting the spermatogenic cells, measuring the epithellia thickness, and tubulus seminiferus diameter. The sperm motility, viability, and sperm count were observed to determine the sperm quality. Leaf extract of C. burmanni treatment with different concentrations not significantly increased SOD levels but significantly decreased the levels of CAT (P&lt;0.05). The addition of C. burmanni leaf extract significantly increased the spermatogenic cell count, epithelia tubulous thickness, sperm viability, and sperm count (P&lt;0.05), while sperm motility and tubulous seminiferous diameter not significantly increased. According to the results, C. burmanni leaf extract has antioxidant potential against the toxic effects of NPS.

Detection of metastasis of mediastinal lymph nodes in lung cancer patients with an artificial intelligence model.

The current study was conducted to analyze the dose-dependent effects of liraglutide against the diabetes-induced detrimental impact on sperm parameters and fertilization potential. For this purpose, 42 adult male mice were randomly divided into control (with no intervention) and experimental groups. Next, the experimental group was subdivided into diabetic, 1.20 mg kg-1 liraglutide-received diabetic, 1.80 mg kg-1 liraglutide-received diabetic, 1.20 mg kg-1 liraglutide-received non-diabetic and 1.80 mg kg-1 liraglutide-received non-diabetic groups. All chemicals were administrated subcutaneously. Following 42 days, the animals were euthanized, and sperm samples were collected. The sperm count, motility, viability, DNA integrity, and maturity were analyzed and compared between groups. Moreover, the sperm fertilization potential was investigated by in vitro fertilization (IVF). For this purpose, the preimplantation embryo development at 2-cell, 4-cell, morula, and blastocyst stages was investigated and compared. Observations revealed that diabetes significantly diminished sperm count, motility, viability, chromatin condensation, and DNA integrity percentages versus a control group. On the other hand, 1.20 mg kg-1 and 1.80 mg kg-1 of liraglutide did not improve sperm motility and viability, while ameliorated sperm count and chromatin condensation and DNA integrity in diabetic animals. The diabetic animals represented diminished preimplantation embryo development, which was not altered in liraglutide-received groups. In conclusion, at least in administrated doses, liraglutide could not improve the sperm viability and motility and, via this mechanism, could not induce an appropriate/beneficial effect on IVF outcome.