Determinação e Revisão de Sanções Penais para Adolescentes no Brasil

Increasing physical activity levels during adolescence have been put on the agenda by several researchers. This study verified the association between social support from parents and friends and different amounts of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among adolescents in public school. The present study had a cross-sectional design and included a representative sample of 1984 adolescents (aged 15–17). The ASAFA (Apoio Social para prática de Atividade Física para Adolescentes) scale and the QAFA (Questionário de Atividade Física para Adolescentes) were used to determine social support and physical activity, respectively. For statistical analysis, a conceptual model for structured equations and weighted least squares mean and variance adjusted were applied. Social support from parents increased the odds of engaging in 180 min/week of MVPA by 46.7%, 47.8% for 300 min/week, and 45.5% for 420 min/week. Social support from friends showed similar relations trends: 23.8% for 180 min/week, 23.6% for 300 min/week, and 21.2% for 420 min/week. Social support from parents and friends increased the probability of adolescents reaching the amounts of physical activity investigated. The results indicate that greater social support (from parents and friends) was associated with a higher level of MVPA in Brazilian adolescents.

O uso dos telemóveis é um comportamento quotidiano que nos aproxima da informação e das pessoas que nos são significativas. Com o avanço da tecnologia, tornou-se uma ferramenta presente no dia-a-dia das pessoas e por utilizadores cada vez mais jovens, associada também a alguns riscos ou mesmo a um uso excessivo. No presente trabalho, pretendemos apresentar os estudos de adaptação para a população portuguesa de um instrumento que foi desenvolvido para avaliar a dependência dos telemóveis. Para isso, recorremos a uma amostra de 907 participantes - adolescentes e jovens - a quem foi aplicado um questionário sociodemográfico e o Test of Mobile Phone Dependence (TMD; Chóliz, 2012), através de um formulário online. Os resultados permitiram encontrar uma estrutura de quatro fatores com fidelidade adequada. Permitiram ainda perceber uma relação moderada ou forte entre a pontuação total com os diferentes fatores. Encontramos ainda diferenças de género, com as raparigas a apresentar pontuações médias superiores, e uma relação negativa com a idade. Explorando diferenças entre género e idade, encontramos uma diminuição significativa entre os participantes do género feminino. Os dados recomendam a utilização do instrumento no nosso contexto e permitem estudos futuros nesta temática.

El bienestar psicológico es un indicador importante del desarrollo positivo de los adolescentes. Sin embargo, en México y para esta población, existen pocos instrumentos con calidad psicométrica adecuada para medirlo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar las características psicométricas de la escala de bienestar psicológico para adolescentes (BP-A) en adolescentes tempranos. La muestra fue no probabilística, participaron 1003 estudiantes de secundaria (M = 13, DE = 0.92). La escala BP-A cuenta con 29 reactivos tipo Likert. El modelo factorial confirmatorio quedó compuesto de 17 reactivos distribuidos en cinco factores (propósito de vida, autoaceptación, control personal, crecimiento personal y relaciones positivas con otros) con índices de ajuste adecuados: CFI = 0.963, TLI = 0.954, RMRS = 0.047 y RMSEA = 0.063. La escala presentó confiabilidad adecuada (λ2 = 0.90) e invarianza por sexo. Se puede concluir que la BP-A cuenta con evidencias de confiabilidad y validez adecuadas para medir el bienestar psicológico en adolescentes tempranos de ambos sexos.

Objective: To describe the trajectory of building a board game to prevent pregnancy and STIs with teenagers.Method: methodological research that followed three stages: 1st stage: preliminary study; 2nd stage: development of the idea and constant questions on the board; 3rd stage: creation of the layout and design of the board game. Results:The game has fifty houses divided into six topics: Peak of general knowledge; sea of human sciences; tower of non-conception; valley of exact sciences; Menstrual cycle forest and sexual guru's cave.Up to five groups of teenagers can participate.Each group will have a cone of one color (green, red, blue, yellow and white). Conclusion:The prevention of pregnancy and STIs must be discussed in the classroom, in a transversal way, directing healthy discussions with teenagers, and games can satisfactorily support these actions.

Introduction. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a multicomponent nursing intervention using mindfulness and brief advice for the reduction of tobacco use, anxiety, stress, depressive symptoms, and the improvement of self-efficacy. Method. This was a quasi-experimental study with 41 participants, and the treatment consisted of an intervention composed of two strategies: the protocol “Programa de Intervención Breve para Adolescentes que Inician el Consumo de Alcohol y otras Drogas” for the brief advice” while the Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy program was used for mindfulness. The intervention lasted 10 weekly sessions; participants received phone calls and were given an audio CD to perform the mindfulness practices at home and a work manual to conduct self-records of consumption as well as guidance from reinforcement to help maintain motivation to behavior change. Results. The results show that these interventions were effective tools to reduce nicotine dependence (p=.001, d=1.14), the number of cigarettes smoked (p=.001, d=1.60), levels of cotinine in urine (p=.001), stress (p=.001, d=1.42), anxiety (p=.001, d=.90), and depressive symptoms (p=.001, d=.81), and increase self-efficacy (p=.001, d=1.48). Conclusions. The findings show that a multicomponent nursing intervention incorporating brief advice and mindfulness can be an effective treatment for people wishing to reduce or cease tobacco consumption.

Social validity (SV) is a concept used in intervention research and is concerned with the overall acceptability, relevance, and utility of an intervention to all intervention stakeholders. SV not only takes into account efficacy in respect of the pre-defined study outcomes, but also participants’ perceptions of the intervention as well as the wider social context in which it will be applied. There are a growing number of mindfulness-based educational programs (MBEPs) being empirically evaluated and implemented in educational settings. However, due to a lack of scientifically validated instruments that can assess SV in MBEPs, a systematic evaluation of SV in such programs has not been undertaken to date. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Social Validity Scale of Mindfulness-Based Programs for Adolescents (Escala de Validez Social de Programas de Mindfulness para Adolescentes—EVSPM-A), composed of 20 items. The sample comprised 512 compulsory secondary education and high school students (mean age = 14.5; SD = 1.57) from three Spanish educational centers that had completed an MBEP known as the TREVA Program. The final version of the scale showed good psychometric properties and factor analyses yielded five factors: global impact-satisfaction, acceptance and viability, individual perceived effectiveness, perceived classroom climate; training feasibility, and applicability of techniques. The EVSPM-A appears to be a suitable means of assessing SV in MBEPs delivered to adolescents. Using the EVSPM-A to evaluate SV can help improve the implementation and long-term efficacy of MBEPs.

Se realizo un estudio cuyo propósito fue describir la experiencia de jóvenes en conflicto con la ley penal en su paso por instituciones carcelarias y las situaciones de violencia al interior de las comunidades para adolescentes en la Ciudad de México. La perspectiva metodológica utilizada fue de carácter cualitativa, el diseño de investigación utilizado fue estudio de caso. Se trabajó con diez jóvenes en conflicto con la ley penal, cuatro mujeres y seis hombres de entre 18 y 22 años, originarios de la Ciudad de México, seleccionados bajo los criterios de haber cumplido una medida de internamiento mínima tres años. Los resultados evidencian que el aislamiento en un encierro hacinado y violento, provoco una repercusión a nivel personal, social y emocional de la vida en reclusión durante su medida de internamiento de los jóvenes sujetos de estudio. Fueron la somatización la perturbación del pensamiento y los síntomas depresivos y ansiosos. Como hallazgo de investigación se encontró que el impacto emocional de la privación de la libertad fue en sí mismo devastador y generador de cuadros de depresión, ansiedad y desesperanza que impactaron en su salud mental, pero a todo ello se añade la violencia, que, en su acción más tóxica y limitadora, sacudió a estos jóvenes en su propio sentido de la existencia, de su identidad y su posibilidad de inscribirse en un discurso donde aún sea posible reconocerse a sí mismos como sujetos.

Violence is not a problem linked to poverty or marginalization, but rather to the deterioration oflife conditions, family disintegration, and the low expectations of teenagers and young adults about the future. This neglect has driven them to juvenile delinquency and is reflected by their presence in Tijuana's penitentiary system. This study examines the methods used by the Centro de Diagnostico para Adolescentes de Tijuana, and suggests introducing changes in the recidivism program, at least in educational matters. Interviews with detained teenagers were used in this study to help explain and provide understanding for this situation.

The Mexican Comprehensive Criminal Justice System for Adolescents (Sistema Integral de Justicia Penal para Adolescentes) is in urgent need of validated tools to help diminish the likelihood of pretrial failure, (that is, when juveniles interfere in one way or another with the course of the criminal process before the trial stage). To this end, this article aims to evaluate the measurement properties of relevant instruments to guide and support pretrial risk assessment in Mexican juvenile offenders. Firstly, a systematic review was conducted in PubMed, metasearch engines (DGB-UNAM and Google Scholar), and databases using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) guidelines. As it was found that no validated pretrial risks assessment instruments had been published earlier in Mexico, we present a proposal based on a preliminary selection of five instruments suitable for pretrial risks assessment taking both analysis and theory into account. Since this is the first systematic review in the field, results provide evidence for developing pretrial risk tools to aid decision-making in the juvenile offenders sector in Mexico.