Determination and diagnosis of construction material quality control problems

In this study, we used artificial intelligence (AI) technology to explore for automated medical record quality control methods, standardize the process for medical record documentation, and deal with the drawbacks of manually implemented quality control. In this study, we constructed a medical record quality control system based on AI. We first designed and built, for the system, a quality control rule base based on authoritative standards and expert opinions. Then, medical records data were automatically collected through a data acquisition engine and were converted into structured data through a post-structured engine. Finally, the medical record quality control engine was combined with the rule base to analyze the data, identify quality problems, and realize automated intelligent quality control. This system was applied to the quality control of medical records and five quality control points were selected, including similarities in the history of the present illness, defects in the description of chief complaints, incomplete initial diagnosis, missing in formation in the history of menstruation, marriage, and childbirth, and mismatch between the chief complaints and the history of the present illness. We randomly selected 2 918 medical records of patients discharged in January 2022 to conduct AI quality control. Then we organized medical record quality control experts to conduct an accuracy review, made a comparison with previous manual quality control records, and analyzed the results. The number of quality problems that were verified in the accuracy review was taken as the gold standard and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn for the 5 quality control points. According to the accuracy review performed by medical record quality control experts, the accuracy of AI quality control reached 89.57%. For the sampled medical records, the results of AI quality control were compared with those of previous manually performed quality control and only one problem detected by manual quality control of the sampled medical records was not detected by the AI quality control system. The number of medical record quality problems correctly detected by AI quality control was about 2.97 times that of manual quality control. Analysis of the ROC curves showed that the AUC of the five quality control points of the AI quality control system were statistically significant (P<0.05) and all the AUC values approximated or exceeded 0.9. In contrast, results obtained through manually performed quality control found significant AUC (0.797) for only one quality control point-similarities in the history of present illness (P<0.05). Comparison of the AUC values of the two quality control methods showed that AI quality control system had an advantage over manually performed quality control for the five quality control points. Through the application of medical record quality control system based on AI, efficient full quality control of medical record documentation can be achieved and the detection rate of quality problems can be effectively improved. In addition, the system helps save manpower and improve the quality of medical record documentation.

To deal with the complicated quality tracking and control problem of interenterprise and meet the rapidly changing customer needs in networked manufacturing environment, combined with the similarity of multilayer organization structure and work flow among core enterprise and member enterprises, a multi-agent quality tracking and control model based on fractal for inter-enterprise is proposed. With the aid of fractal concept, the complicated quality tracking and control process of inter-enterprise could be decomposed into multiple quality tracking and control units which are also fractals. Each fractal consists of six function modules: fractal organizer, quality monitor, quality analyzer, quality controller and quality reporter. Using agent technology, each of these modules could autonomously cooperate and negotiate with others while processing its own jobs. By the interaction and negotiation activities of multiagent, quality tracking and control of inter-enterprise could be realized. The dynamic restructuring process (DRP) allows inter-enterprise quality tracking and control to be more efficient and effective by reconfiguring fractals. This research reduces the difficult of inter-enterprise quality tracking and control and lays foundation for the cooperative quality control of manufacturing process.

For the successful operation of the tuberculosis infection foci monitoring system implemented in the city of Moscow since 2021, a quality assessment and control system was developed and implemented, which is a methodology that includes internal and external information control, separate quality control for household and ‘manufactory’ (not household) TB foci, and the functionality of joint assessment of the data from the «TB Foci» registry with information on indicator patients who created foci from other registries of the city’s tuberculosis monitoring system.The implementation of this system significantly improved the quality of data in the «TB Foci» registry, which is a key element in the successful operation of the monitoring system. As a result of the implementation of the quality control system, in 2023–2024 the number of household TB foci, information about which in the register was recognized as problematic, decreased from 326 to 115; the number of cases of lack of information on an «manufactory» TB foci decreased from 232 to 172; the number of suspected TB foci that were taken under monitoring control increased from 161 to 206; the proportion of newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients registered during the year, in whom TB foci were identified, increased from 69.6 to 72.6% (p &lt; 0.05), and the same proportion of newly diagnosed patients from the permanent population – from 85.9 to 89.8% (p = 0.016). One of the indirect results of the introduction of this system was that, with an overall decrease in the number of patients, district TB doctors registered and checked 146 more addresses (TB foci) in 2024 than in the previous year (3,559 addresses).An analysis of the quality control of primary documentation showed that it is critically important for effective monitoring of tuberculosis infection. Periodic monitoring compatible with methodological support provided feedback for rapid problem solving and included training for employees in record keeping.

Andrew Moore Editor-in-Chief Recently introduced requirements for cell-line authentification in some journals are a very positive development, but might this distract attention from a more general problem that should also be monitored constantly, earlier in the research chain? A summary of decades of individual researchers finding certain cancer cell lines not to be what others thought they were 1 should make us reflect anew on quality control in research. When you buy a new washing machine, you hope that it will wash your clothes well; but you also hope that it won't mangle them or leak water and damage your house – and, you hope it won't damage your health, but more of that later. For these reason, if you can afford it, you will want a machine from a well-established, respected manufacturer: one that has undergone sufficient quality control in its design and build to assure you of good performance. The said manufacturer also has an interest in applying quality control: it defends his pricing model, strengthens brand penetration, and avoids costly legal cases and compensation. On the last point, the consumer has a legal right to take the manufacturer to task over certain failings because the purchase secures contractual obligations. Basically, in the world of manufacturing and consumption of household appliances there is a self-reinforcing system that rewards each side for choosing quality control. In publicly funded research, the research funder is the proximal paying “customer”, so to speak. But the research funder has the responsibility of representing the population – distal customer – whose taxes have paid for the research and – in the case of Open Access – its publication. The proximal consumers are, on the whole, other scientists at subscribing institutions; and – in the case of Open Access – anyone with an Internet connection and a computer. Regardless of the business model, very few of these individual consumers personally pay for the product, and hence a part of the quality control culture and responsibility that surrounds banal items such as washing machines is diffused into a kind of no-man's land of institutional, community and corporate responsibility, and often inaction. Part of the concept of standardized quality control is extremely hard to apply in science because we are dealing with the production of bespoke items: each research publication is unique (well, overwhelmingly). Each has to be assessed by its own specialist quality controllers. And whereas QA experts in industry are trained and accredited – i.e. quality control of the quality controllers – there is no such system in science. But another aspect of research quality control refers to research-generated materials used in the work that precedes publication(s): materials that are shared and used within a community. This aspect of research is much further removed from independent scrutiny, and it is individual scientists that are at stake here. An individual scientist – and her/his research group – is the basic entity of consumption. That individual has not explicitly paid for a given research article that has contributed to steering her/his research, or a given shared cell line, and I have the feeling that a particular default attitude applies: no financial contract, no obligation, and certainly no guarantee. And yet the receiving researcher's work could be damaged by the faulty product of another – be it a publication or a cell line. The damaged party is, in a sense, represented – as a tax-paying member of the population – by research funders. By extension, the research funders bear some of the responsibility to institute quality control of research before it reaches the point of publication; that is currently done at the point of grant application assessment, but arguably it should apply at intervals thereafter as well. This will be more or less challenging, according to the particular research, but one level at which it should be possible is the quality control of biological resources: after all, even in the production of a commonplace washing machine, respected manufacturers regularly quality control their materials. As noted in 1 in the case of false-identity cancer cell lines it is genuinely very hard to identify and extirpate them, though this particular quality control problem has potential consequences for the treatment and prospects of individual cancer patients. But a poignant message here is also that awareness and application of a technical innovation of enormous power was not nearly as strong as it should have been. Quality control of research-generated materials is not a mere technical adjunct to research: it is a science and technology in its own right, and its developments need to be followed and applied with as much diligence as that applied to research. Research funders can help towards this aim. Andrew Moore Editor-in-Chief

Although a substantial body of research concurs that most urban areas have a challenge in providing adequate car parking space, there is a scarcity in the literature on how conformity to planning standards that regulates the provision of car parking spaces may be analyzed. This study, therefore, examines the extent to which the planning standards that regulate compliance with the provision of car parking spaces in the residential areas are enforced in Kenya, a case study of Kisii Town. It is anchored in the theory of regulatory compliance with a sample size of 364 residential developments proportionately drawn from the seven neighborhoods. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using means, standard deviation, paired sample t-test and Pearson’s bivariate correlation. Research findings showed that although the recommended standard for car parking in Kenya is a ratio of one parking space for every two dwelling units, most developers disregarded the requirement. Hypothesis testing confirmed a significant difference between the recommended planning standards on the minimum number of parking spaces and the extent of conformity by developers, t (289) = 20.261, p=.000), thus, compliance declined by a mean of four. The study concludes that developers rarely comply with planning standard owing to insufficient development control. It is recommended that when approving building plans, it should be mandatory to make provision for adequate parking space followed by monitoring to ensure compliance. The study benefits the international readers by validating how conformity to the standards that regulate car parking space may be statistically analyzed.

In a plating process, its quality control process depends on its employees' skills and experience. In long work hours of the quality control: the QC process causes fatigue and the employees' visual problem. Additionally, lacking experience, skills, leaving the job, and even personal issues of the employees who work in the QC process can harm the company's quality control. This research is the area of research development. The authors focus on design and copper plating quality control system development to solve problems and enhance the plating industry's business benefits and reliability. The article presents a machine vision approach for quality control of copper plating. The authors apply the machine vision concept by using and color spectrum and color-matching techniques to solve the copper plating process's quality control problems from human errors. This system simultaneously identifies and classify oxidation defect on copper plating of pole pieces of microwave ovens. In this work, the paper presents 1. oxidation defect problems in a copper plating industry 2. color spectrum and color matching concept, 3. system architecture, 4. the experiment, and the conclusion of from result of the experiment.

This thesis examines the legislative and regulatory reforms contained in Republic Act No. 10361, more popularly known as Batas Kasambahay, in order to determine if it is capable of expanding the rights and improving the working conditions of an estimated 2 million-strong domestic work sector in the Philippines. The global status of domestic workers is analysed first to demonstrate the widespread practice of excluding domestic workers from the scope of many country’s national protective labour law regimes. This practice exposes domestic workers to many types of abuse and exploitation at the hands of their employers. It also underscores the very low regard for domestic work, which many believe as a type of ‘unproductive work’ because it involves tasks that are traditionally performed by female members of the household and are customarily unremunerated. The thesis shows that domestic work in the Philippines had similar status to that of domestic workers globally: largely excluded from coverage by labour regimes, deeply entrenched in the informal economy, predominantly performed by women and commonly by migrants from rural areas of the Philippines to the cities, vulnerable to abuse and exploitation, and a target for human trafficking. In order to address the many problems and inherent vulnerabilities faced by domestic workers worldwide, the International Labour Organization (ILO) published the Domestic Workers Convention, 2011 (No. 189). The Philippines is the first country in Asia to ratify Convention 189 in 2012, and Republic Act No. 10361 was enacted the following year. These two significant instruments and saw the introduction of the most sweeping reforms in the way domestic workers are regulated and protected in the country. Prior to the analysis of the Batas Kasambahay, the thesis analyses protective labour laws contained in the Philippine Labor Code and Civil Code. The research finds that the level of rights and entitlements afforded to domestic workers were much lower than those for other workers in the private sector. There is also sufficient evidence which suggests that these laws, albeit inadequate, were largely ignored. Ensuring compliance with these low minimum standards was problematic because of the weak enforcement tools due to lack of adequate funding. The thesis demonstrates the inadequacy of the old laws to protect domestic workers especially in the areas of wages, working hours, and social security membership. The analysis of these now defunct laws provides a useful yardstick to analyse and assess improvements in the employment conditions enacted in the new law. Republic Act No. 10361 contains new and improved workplace rights and entitlements that have the capacity to effect meaningful change in the lives of all domestic workers in the country. Whilst the new law complies with most of the provisions contained in ILO Convention 189, this research identifies a number of areas for improvement and recommends actions for the Philippine government to take to further strengthen the protections available to domestic workers. Finally, in evaluating the compliance and enforcement mechanisms contained in the Batas Kasambahay, the research establishes that the law relies too heavily on civil penalties and recommends the use of more persuasive approaches to promote compliance with the provisions of the new law. There is the added problem that the enforcement mechanisms applicable to other workers are the vehicles for enforcing the new law and the thesis identifies serious deficiencies in these enforcement mechanisms and makes further law reform recommendations aimed at assisting domestic workers to receive fair employment conditions and have decent work.

In view of the problems of lagging and poor predictability for ship assembly and welding quality control, the digital twin technology is applied to realize the quality prediction and control of ship group product. Based on the analysis of internal and external quality factors, a digital twin-based quality prediction and control process was proposed. Furthermore, the digital twin model of quality prediction and control was established, including physical assembly and welding entity, virtual assembly and welding model, the quality prediction and control system, and twin data. Next, the real-time data collection based on the Internet of Things and the twin data organization based on XML were used to create a virtual-real mapping mechanism. Then, the machine learning technology is applied to predict the process quality of ship group products. Finally, a small group is taken as an example to verify the proposed method. The results show that the established prediction model can accurately evaluate the welding angular deformation of group products and also provide a new idea for the quality control of shipbuilding.

This study analyzes the implementation of the Crude Palm Oil (CPO) quality control system at an Indonesian palm oil mill, focusing on procedures, methods, and technologies used, as well as the challenges in maintaining product quality according to company standards. A qualitative approach was employed, utilizing participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. Data were analyzed thematically and through Juran’s Trilogy framework, encompassing quality planning, quality control, and quality improvement. The quality control system involves the implementation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), manual sorting, Statistical Quality Control (SQC), manual testing, Foss NIRS technology, and data reporting via paper-based forms, WhatsApp, Excel, SAP, and the WD application. Identified challenges include inconsistent adherence to SOPs, delayed reporting, limited technological use, and weak interdepartmental coordination. The analysis indicates that while quality planning and control are adequately implemented, quality improvement remains suboptimal. Recommendations include staff training, SOP simplification, real-time reporting systems, enhanced cross-divisional coordination, and supplier development. Gradual implementation of these strategies is expected to enhance system effectiveness and support long-term sustainability.

Atom lithography is a technique to structure layers of atoms during deposition, using interactions of near-resonant light fields with neutral atoms. The basic scheme uses a standing wave light field, aligned just above a substrate, while a beam of atoms impinges perpendicularly on the standing wave light field. The interaction of the light field and the atoms focuses the atoms towards the crests or troughs of the standing wave intensity, dependent on the tuning of the light field. The focused atoms are subsequently deposited on the substrate, resulting in an array of lines, whose periodicity is determined by the wavelength of the light field. The standing wave light field can therefore be seen as an array of lenses, focusing the atom beam into an array of lines. The first experiments on atom lithography were performed in the 1990s with sodium and chromium. In this thesis experiments with iron are described, which is a magnetic element and thus allows for the creation of magnetic nanostructures. To focus atom beams into structures using atom lithography, well-colimated atom beams are required. The most common technique to create collimated atom beams is transverse laser cooling, but iron has no closed optical transition suitable for laser cooling. Fortunately Smeets and Te Sligte found that even then atom lithography of iron is possible. If the standing wave light field is considered to be an array of lenses, the focusing of the atom beam on a single lens is determined by the local collimation of the atom beam at that position. This local collimation is determined by the geometry of the beam source and the distance of the beam source to the standing wave lens. Using a small beam source (e.g. 1 mm diameter) positioned far from the standing wave (e.g. 1 m), the geometrically collimated atom beam is suitable for atom lithography. Chapter 3 shows what the implications of geometric collimation are on the structure formation in atom lithography. The geometric effects that locally collimate the atom beam on the sample also introduce local offset angles of the atom beam with respect to the focusing light field. Structure formation has been observed with lines of up to 7 nm high on a background layer of 15 nm average height, over areas of up to 400 µm × 6 mm. This indicates that the offset angles can vary over an 8 mrad range, which is more than an order of magnitude larger than the local angle of collimation. The offset angle influence the local geometry of the deposited structures: an increasing offset angle decreases the local line height, increases the width and creates a skewness in the local line shape. The local geometry of the lines has been modelled with a Monte Carlo particle tracking model and the results were compared to experiments. It was found that the highest and narrowest lines suffer from significant broadening due to surface diffusion in experiments, limiting the achievable structure width of iron on SiOx samples to about 80 nm. We have also found that in atom lithography without laser cooling, each standing wave lens is effectively imaging the source geometry onto the substrate. We therefore propose using structured atom beam sources to image more complex patterns on sub-wavelength scales in a parallel way. The reason to use iron in atom lithography, is the option to create magnetic nanostructures. However, in previous experiments no clear magnetic signature of the atom lithographic structuring of iron was found. Therefore in Chapter 4 firstly the magnetic properties of unstructured layers of iron (Fe), nickel (Ni) and FexNi1-x are investigated. These layers are all ferromagnetic, but with a reduced magnetic moment compared to bulk values due to contaminations and crystal growth effects. As a reference for periodic atom lithography structures, periodic line structures are created with interference lithography in a polymer layer and onto these structures thin layers of FexNi1-x are shadow deposited, thereby creating a layer periodically modulated in both height and elemental composition. This periodic modulation in composition has been observed with SEM-EDX on sub-micron scales. The structures showed a clear magnetic anisotropy with an easy axis along the direction of the lines, in accordance with expectations. In Chapter 5, the magnetic properties of atom lithographic iron line structures are presented. Using MOKE microscopy, direct comparison of structured and unstructured parts of a sample is possible, which allows for the observation of clear magnetic signatures due to the atom lithographic structuring. In layers of an average thickness of about 15 nm, no anisotropy is induced by the line structures, while a magnetic easy axis along the direction of the lines is expected. The line structures introduce an isotropic increase in the coercivity of the layers, indicating that the line structures can be considered as isotropic corrugations instead of directional line structures. For layers of 30 nm average thickness and thus higher line structures, a clear magnetic anisotropy is observed for the highest line structures. This anisotropy can be seen as a magnetic easy axis along the direction of the lines, as expected for line structures. However, we also observe a sharp increase in coercivity for applied fields perpendicular to the lines. This phenomenon is intriguing and may be explained by a pinning of head-to-head domain walls along the direction of the lines. In Chapter 5, we also report on the first results of co-deposition of FexNi1-x, where the Fe is structured into lines using atom lithography, while the Ni is deposited uniformly, thereby creating an alloy of modulating composition. Magnetic analysis of these structures indicates that these structures are anisotropic, both the coercivity and the shape of domain walls is dependent on the angle of the applied field relative to the line structures. Finally in Chapter 6, we investigate the possibilities to focus a thermal beam of atoms into a single 100 nm spot using light fields, thereby creating a nanopencil suitable for deposition of nanostructures. A Monte Carlo particle tracking program was developed to model the all optical focusing or funneling of 10 µm sized atom beams to a 100 nm spot. This model included effects of initial beam divergence, magnetic substructure, laser cooling, and spontaneous as well as stimulated diffusion and it was applied to a number of promising light field configurations. The best results obtained for experimentally realistic settings are a beam focused to a full width at half maximum of FWHM = 0.55 µm in a blue detuned hollow beam where atoms are focused towards the dark center, or a FWHM = 0.31 µm in a red detuned axicon light field, where atoms are focused towards the maximum intensity at the heart line. However, in the latter case the focused beam has a flux only 25 times larger than the background flux, which is unpractical for applications. The limiting factors of all schemes are heating due to stimulated diffusion and the limited interaction time available for a thermal beam of atoms. A nanopencil could be possible if it were based on the focussing of a slow and / or monochromatic atom beam, but this would seriously complicate the practical application of such a device.

The requirements to the system of control over the quality of audit services are analyzed, which are specified in the Law of Ukraine “Audit of Financial Statements and Auditing” from 21.12.2017 No 2258-VIII; Directive of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine “Approval of the Procedure for Inspection of the Quality Control of Audit Services” from 29.08.2019 No 362; Resolution of the Council for Supervision over Auditing at the State Institution “The Body of Public Supervision over Auditing” from 30.08.2019 No 6/7/13 “Information Questionnaire of Auditing Entity”. It is demonstrated that the quality control system requires corrections of the following: responsibilities of administration and staff of auditing entities for use of the adopted intra-firm provisions on the quality control system, requirements of ISQC1, IAS, the Law of Ukraine “Audit of Financial Statements and Auditing”; the requirements to staff (quality controller, reviewer, assignment partner); identification of threats to the independence and the auditor’s response on the assessed threats; the requirements to reviews of complaints, complicated issues; issues related with non-stop professional training of auditors. Special attention of auditors need to be drawn to the fact that the policies and procedures of the quality control system do not have to be confined to the audit of financial statements, but have to apply to other assignments on giving confidence and related auditor services. Besides that, assessment of threats to the independence has to be conducted for non-auditor services specified in Article 6 of the aforementioned Law of Ukraine.&#x0D; The studies conducted by the author allowed to elaborate procedures for quality control of auditor services; measures to stimulate staff of auditing entities to scrutinize requirements to implementation of the quality control system; obligating documents of auditing firms on assessment of ethical threats; sharing of duties among assignment group members; requirements to qualification of the key partner, quality controller; identification of auditor assignments; solutions of complicated issues and their documenting, measures on control of the assignment at the final phase and quality control of the assignment. The proposed measures are supposed to help auditing entities revise the already operating quality control systems in a timely manner, which will facilitate supply of high quality information to all the users of auditing reports, external quality controllers from the Body of Public Supervision over Auditing and the Auditor Chamber of Ukraine.

In post-colonial Ghana, some rules of customary law have been criticised as being inimical to the rule of law and to socioeconomic development. As such, customary law has been a key focus of legal reform. There has been resistance to law reform efforts, especially from communities in rural areas because the state and customary legal systems have failed to reconcile their perceptions of law and legal responsibilities. Taking these legal conflicts as its starting point, this dissertation explores the mechanisms for effective reforms of customary law in a legally plural Ghana. One key objective is to consider the types of legal reforms that might be agreeable to rural dwellers in ways that ensure compliance with state law. Drawing on legal pluralism as a guiding framework for analyzing the relationship between state and customary legal systems, and focusing on intestate succession as one concrete example, I argue that in order for legal reforms to be embraced, especially by rural dwellers, the state must adopt an inclusive vision of law reform, by modifying the machinery of law reform to meet the particular needs of its people. In the context of intestate succession, I argue that the courts should be given discretion, based on suggested guidelines, to vary the extended family’s portion of intestate property. In addition, I argue that changes to intestate law must also be accompanied by political, economic, educational and even psychological changes to the structures that frame the customary legal system. In sum, legal reform must also mean social, political and economic reform. It must also mean establishing and nurturing meaningful reciprocal relationships among legal systems and empowering people to consider engaging with and accepting opposing views, with a view to managing conflicts.

Time-differentiated metering of electricity consumption and demand is required in both rate-structure experimentation and the implementation of most time-of-use rate designs. Time-differentiated metering takes three major forms: multi-register watthour meters, magnetic-tape recording meters, and remote automatic meter-reading systems. The majority of projects selected magnetic-tape meters for their flexibility with respect to rate structure, load-survey capabilities, and ready availability. The small-scale, experimental nature of the projects reduced the significance of the large difference in per-unit cost and operational/maintenance complexity between this form of metering and the multi-register form. Magnetic-tape meters are not likely candidates for system-wide implementation of time-differentiated metering. Automatic remote-meter-reading systems were not adequately available during the project years; those projects attempting to use these were unable to bring them to full operational status before project termination, due to the many problems of design, quality control, and equipment acquisition encountered. Delays in acquisition and problems of quality control also followed the selection of magnetic-tape meters and multi-register meters by a number of the projects. Though less complex than automatic remote-reading systems, these technologies are still new and more complex than standard watthour metering. Thus, both equipment vendors and utilities encountered numerous problems in getting properly functioning meters to the service entrances on time. A variety of factors contributed to installation delays, including unforeseen space limitations, incompatible wiring, problems of task organization, and customer reluctance.

BackgroundColorectal and gastric cancer are major causes of cancer-related deaths. In Korea, gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic biopsy specimens account for a high percentage of histopathologic examinations. Lack of a sufficient pathologist workforce can cause an increase in human errors, threatening patient safety. Therefore, we developed a digital pathology total solution combining artificial intelligence (AI) classifier models and pathology laboratory information system for GI endoscopic biopsy specimens to establish a post-analytic daily fast quality control (QC) system, which was applied in clinical practice for a 3-month trial run by four pathologists.Methods and findingsOur whole slide image (WSI) classification framework comprised patch-generator, patch-level classifier, and WSI-level classifier. The classifiers were both based on DenseNet (Dense Convolutional Network). In laboratory tests, the WSI classifier achieved accuracy rates of 95.8% and 96.0% in classifying histopathological WSIs of colorectal and gastric endoscopic biopsy specimens, respectively, into three classes (Negative for dysplasia, Dysplasia, and Malignant). Classification by pathologic diagnosis and AI prediction were compared and daily reviews were conducted, focusing on discordant cases for early detection of potential human errors by the pathologists, allowing immediate correction, before the pathology report error is conveyed to the patients. During the 3-month AI-assisted daily QC trial run period, approximately 7–10 times the number of slides compared to that in the conventional monthly QC (33 months) were reviewed by pathologists; nearly 100% of GI endoscopy biopsy slides were double-checked by the AI models. Further, approximately 17–30 times the number of potential human errors were detected within an average of 1.2 days.ConclusionsThe AI-assisted daily QC system that we developed and established demonstrated notable improvements in QC, in quantitative, qualitative, and time utility aspects. Ultimately, we developed an independent AI-assisted post-analytic daily fast QC system that was clinically applicable and influential, which could enhance patient safety.

This study describes and analyses a practical implementation of basic sensory analysis principles in a productive context related to typical products. As a case study, we investigated the quality control (QC) system of Trentingrana cheese, a variety of the protected designation of origin Grana Padano. The production of Trentingrana cheese factories is supervised by their consortium through the assessment of sensory quality attributes by an expert panel; and, depending on the evaluation, the associated dairies receive price premiums or penalties. The procedures applied and the data collected over 8 years were evaluated, and critical points were identified. Ameliorations were suggested in accordance with good sensory practice and were verified over an additional 3‐year period. The QC system has been improved by increasing the number of evaluated samples proportionally to the amount of the production of each dairy, by introducing a balanced experimental design, by monitoring experts' performance and by controlling the sample presentation to avoid systematic effects and psychological errors.Practical ApplicationsWith this work, we demonstrate the viability of applying the sensory approach to quality control (QC) within the food industry of typical products. The QC proposed here is a compromise between the practical constraints of implementing sensory testing procedures in an industrial context and the basic requirements of good sensory practice for collecting reliable data. Nevertheless, the implemented QC represents an example of an efficient strategy for protected designation of origin product valorization, fundamental for preserving both market position and consumer confidence and loyalty toward the product.