Developing E-Module Material on the Digestive System in Animals to Improve Students' Critical Thinking Ability and Independence

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused changes in every sector of life, including the field of education. In addition, students still have difficulty understanding biological concepts in depth during the learning process. This indicates that students' critical thinking skills in biology learning are still low. Objective: The objective of this research is to determine the feasibility and effectiveness level of Augmented Reality (AR) media based on Discovery Learning (DL) on the digestive system material in enhancing students' critical thinking skills and collaboration abilities. Model: This study uses the ADDIE development model. The study was conducted at State Senior High School 1 Srandakan-Yogyakarta, with field trial subjects consisting of 60 students from two classes selected using the cluster random sampling technique. Results: The research results show that the AR media based on DL the digestive system material is deemed suitable for use based on expert assessments, very practical based on the evaluations of biology teachers and students, and effective in enhancing students' critical thinking skills and collaboration abilities based on the MANOVA test results with a significance value of 0.016 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: AR media based on DL can be used as an innovative learning medium to enhance students' critical thinking and collaboration skills in biology education.

This study aims to develop an e-module based on the CinQASE learning model supported by Flip PDF Professional and evaluate its effectiveness in improving students' Individual Critical Thinking (InCT) and collaborative skills in Momentum and Impulse materials. This study employed an R&D approach based on the 4D development model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate), comprising four main stages. In the Define stage, a needs analysis was conducted to identify the essential competencies and materials aligned with the curriculum and students' needs. The Design stage focused on designing the e-module structure, determining learning strategies, and compiling learning components, including worksheets and supporting media. The Develop stage included product development, validation by subject matter and media experts, and revisions based on feedback to ensure content quality and suitability. The Disseminate stage was conducted through limited and extensive trials to assess the practicality, readability, and effectiveness of e-modules in real-world learning contexts. Research instruments included expert validation sheets, student and teacher response questionnaires, collaborative activity observation sheets, and InCT tests to assess individual improvements in critical thinking skills. The results showed that the e-module had very high validity across construct, content, graphics, electronic media, materials, presentation, and language, and was considered practical and easy to use by both students and teachers. N-Gain analysis indicated a significant increase in all InCT indicators, from the moderate category in limited tests (0.40–0.45) to the high category in extensive tests (0.68–0.74). Collaborative activities through CinQASE indicator-based worksheets proved effective in encouraging active participation, critical discussion, and peer evaluation. These findings indicate that CinQASE-based e-modules supported by Flip PDF Professional serve as effective interactive learning media for improving students' critical and collaborative thinking skills, while also providing an engaging, flexible, and accessible learning tool for both teachers and students. Keywords: CinQASE, e-modul, Flip PDF, critical thinking skills, collaborative abilities, momentum, and impulse.

The ability to think critically is one of the highest levels of ability. Developing critical thinking skills in students is still considered important to be improved in schools so that students are able and accustomed to facing various problems around it. This study aims to analyze the critical thinking skills of junior high school students who are in excellent classes and regular classes. This research was conducted in Bandung Barat. In this study students are given a test in the form of questions with critical thinking skills, the problem is used to compare between the superior class and ordinary class. Assessment of the problem using several factors of critical ability include 1) students can not understand the problem correctly, 2) students rush in doing the problem, 3) the students cannot choose the problem-solving strategy correctly and 4) the students work on the problem systematically. Then the matter of critical thinking skills of mathematics is analyzed using quasi-experimental research method to analyze students' critical thinking ability that influence learning result. This study shows the differences in critical thinking ability of junior high school students who are in excellent class and ordinary class. This study shows that superior classes are better in mathematical critical thinking ability than a regular class. The results of this study can add knowledge about critical thinking mathematics junior high school students who are in the class and ordinary class and used to facilitate for educational practitioners in the development of critical mathematical thinking skills.

Critical thinking and creative thinking skills are needed to improve the quality and competitive human resources. Therefore, the application of appropriate learning models is expected to stimulate students' critical thinking and creative thinking skills. This research aims to improve critical thinking and creative thinking skill scores using the ASICC learning model. This type of research is classroom action research which is carried out in 2 cycles, with 3 meetings in each cycle. Data on students' critical thinking and creative thinking skills were collected using essay tests on science learning materials. Data analysis was carried out by comparing the N-gain scores in cycle 1 and cycle 2 for students' critical thinking and creative thinking skills. The results of the research revealed that there was an increase that occurred in cycle 2, namely 5.6% in the aspects of moderate critical thinking skills and high creative thinking, as well as in the aspects of critical thinking skills and high creative thinking by 5.6%. Meanwhile, in the previous cycle, these two aspects did not have a high category. Another result found from this research is that students who have low critical thinking skills do not necessarily have low creative thinking skills. This is because students who have low critical thinking skills may have moderate creative thinking skills or vice versa. Thus, the application of the ASICC learning model is effective in improving the scores of critical thinking skills and creative thinking skills of students at Junior High School 5 Kertosono.

Background: The low levels of students' critical thinking skills and science process skills in diffusion and osmosis material remain a problem in biology learning. This study aims to develop a student worksheet based on the vee diagram to improve students’ critical thinking and science process skills. Methods: The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model. The subjects were 11th-grade science students at MA Nurul Huda Munjul, consisting of 25 students in the experimental class and 25 in the control class. Instruments included multiple-choice tests, observation sheets, and questionnaires. Data were analyzed using N-gain and t-tests. Results: The developed student worksheet was valid (97.02%) and effectively implemented (90%). Students' critical thinking skills increased with an N-Gain of 0.41 (moderate), compared to 0.05 (low) in the control class. Science process skills also improved to 81.75% (high), outperforming the control class (53.63%). The correlation between critical thinking and science process skills was not significant (r = 0.298 < r table = 0.396; sig. = 0.149). Students’ responses to the student worksheet were in the very good category (85.33%). Conclusion: Thus, the development of vee diagram-based student worksheets on diffusion and osmosis material can enchance student’s critical thinking and science process skills.

Introduction: 21st century skills such as critical thinking, creativity, communication, collaboration (4Cs), and learning independence are essential competencies that learners must have to face the challenges of the global era that are important to integrate with technology. However, in many schools, these skills are still low, largely due to the dominance of teacher-centred learning methods and the lack of optimal use of technology.Purpose: To analyse the effect of SaLDI Biology learning model integrated with TPACK on students' critical thinking skills, creativity, communication, collaboration, and learning independence. Methods: This research is a quasi-experiment with post-test control group design. The population was class XI students of SMAN 14 Makassar. A random sample of 64 students was divided into experimental and control groups. Instruments included a description test and observation sheet. Data analysis used MANOVA test to measure differences in 4C skills and learning independence between groups.Results: The research results of this study are the SaLDI Biology learning model integrated with TPACK can improve critical and creative thinking skills, communication, collaboration and learning independence. The sig evidences this value <0.05.Conclusions: The implementation of the TPACK-integrated SaLDI Biology learning model can improve critical thinking skills, creativity, communication, collaboration, and learning independence. These findings indicate that the model is an innovative strategy to develop 21st century skills (4C).

This study aims to develop and see the effectiveness of flipbook-based digital pocketbooks on environmental pollution material on the critical and creative thinking skills of grade VII students at SMPN 1 Sojol Utara. The method used in this research is research and development (Research and Development) with 4D instructional design. This research was conducted on grade VII students at SMPN 1 Sojol Utara totaling 40 students. The results of this study showed that: (1) The flipbook-based digital pocket book developed obtained a percentage of 86.96% of the very valid category and for media practicality obtained a percentage of 80% of the practical category for use in science learning, critical thinking skills obtained a value of 70.83% in the critical thinking category (2) The ability to think creatively obtained a score of 84.37% with the category of creative thinking (3) The effectiveness of the book The flipbook-based digital pocket developed is very effective in improving students' critical thinking skills with an effect size value of 1.95 very large categories, (4) The effectiveness of the flipbook-based digital pocketbook developed is very effective in improving students' creative thinking skills with an effect size valueThe 1.95 categories are huge. Based on the results of the development that has been carried out, flipbook-based digital pocketbooks can be a learning medium that can improve students' critical and creative thinking skills in science learning.

The use of problem based learning (PBL) to improve critical thinking skills and Indonesian language skills, to improve students' critical thinking skills, problem based learning (PBL) is the right learning model to use. The purpose of problem-based learning is to find out how problem-based learning can help students in improving their critical thinking and language skills. The subject in this study focuses on how students' Indonesian language skills. Data collection techniques are done by observation and finding references from various research journals. The research method used in this study is quantitative method, quantitative research to try to find out how effective PBL is in improving certain skills, such as critical thinking and Indonesian language skills. PBL model can serve as a useful tool to improve students' critical thinking and Indonesian language skills.

In the digital era, children are increasingly familiar with technology, but there are still few technology-based media specifically designed for educational purposes, particularly those aimed at developing critical thinking skills. Most existing digital media are entertainment games without educational content. Although technological advancements have been rapid, research underpinning the development of educational digital media to foster critical thinking skills in early childhood remains limited. This creates a gap between field needs and the availability of effective solutions. The goal of this research is to develop an effective E-Way Game platform as a digital medium to stimulate critical thinking skills in early childhood. The research subjects consist of 2 material expert validators, 2 media expert validators, 3 users (teachers), and 20 children (aged 4–6 years). The research and development method employs the ADDIE model. Data collection techniques include observation sheets and questionnaires, with data analysis conducted using descriptive quantitative methods. The results of the media expert validation test scored 88% (very feasible), the material validation test scored 94% (very feasible), the user test scored 85% (very feasible), the small group test scored 86% (very feasible), and the large group test scored 94% (very feasible). Based on these results, it can be concluded that the E-Way Game platform is highly feasible for use in improving children's critical thinking skills. The implications of this media development serve as a reference for digital learning media aimed at stimulating critical thinking skills in children aged 4–6 years.

This study aims to analyze the critical thinking skills and problem-solving skills, analyzing whether the improvement of critical thinking skills and problem-solving skills that are taught by the problem-based learning model using mind map better than students who are taught by conventional learning. This research is a quasi-experimental research with two group pretest-posttest design. The research population is all students of class X SMA Negeri 2 Bandar (senior high school) in first semester, academic year 2017/2018. The study sample was taken randomly consisting of 64 students. Class X MIPA-1 is an experimental class, consisting of 32 students with learning problem model learning using mind map. Class X MIPA-3 is a control class consisting of 32 students using conventional learning. The research instrument uses essay test of critical thinking skills and problem-solving skills that have been declared valid. Data analysis using statistical t-test. The results showed that the average value of critical thinking skills and problem-solving skills using conventional learning was 61.09 and 61.88 were in a low category while the students applying the problem-based learning model using mind map were 75.78 and 77.56 are in the moderate category. The result of hypothesis testing using independent sample t-test shows that each significance value (sig) <0.05 is 0.00 then H 0 is rejected, it means that the skills of critical thinking and problem-solving skills of students who are treated with problem-based learning model using mind map is better than conventional learning, so it can be concluded that there is the effect of problem based learning model using mind map to improve critical thinking skills and problem-solving skills

Critical thinking skills are very important to be acquired by the students in the 21st century. In science learning, students are required to think critically. However, students’ critical thinking skills at the junior high school level are included in the low category. The 5E learning cycle model is the learning model that is considered can train the student's critical thinking skills optimally. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the 5E learning cycle model on junior high school students' critical thinking skills in science learning and to describe the improvement of junior high school students’ critical thinking skills. This type of research is experimental research with a quasi-experimental design and nonequivalent (pretest and posttest) control-group design. The results of the study for the effect test using the independent sample t-test obtained the value of Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.016 which means &lt;0.05. The implication is that the 5E learning cycle model has a significant effect on the thinking skills of junior high school students in learning science. For the improvement test using N-Gain, an average N-Gain of 0.5875 was obtained which was included in the moderate category, then the results of the paired sample t-test obtained a Sig value. (2-tailed) of 0.000 which means &lt;0.05. The conclusion was the 5E learning cycle model has a significant effect on junior high school students’ critical thinking skills in science learning and it can improve junior high school students' critical thinking skills in the moderate category.

This study is aimed at determining the effectiveness of the use of a science textbook integrated with the local potentials of bakpia in improving the critical thinking and communication skills of the junior high school students. The study was a quasi-experiment with a pretest-posttest control group research design. The experiment and control groups were taken by cluster random sampling by considering the location of the school, which is within proximity of the local potentials in question. The study was conducted in the 7 th grade, at one of the junior high schools in Yogyakarta, both for the experiment and control classes. The research instruments were an open-reasoned multiple-choice test and observation sheets to obtain data on students’ critical thinking skills and communication skills. Data analysis was done by the Manova difference test assisted by the SPSS 2.0 computer program with a significance value lower than 0.05. Results showed that the value of the partial Eta squared from the Manova test was 0.981, indicating that the effectiveness of the science textbook integrated with the bakpia local potentials to improve students’ critical thinking and communication skills was in the “high” category. The test of between subject effects of the Manova test showed a significant value of students’ critical thinking and communication skills of less than 0.05. Therefore, it can be said that the science textbook was effective in increasing students’ critical thinking and communication skills, simultaneously. A limitation to the study can be in the fact that the study is not conducted directly in the bakpia factory and that it involves only 60 subjects for both the experiment and control groups. The integrated textbook of bakpia local potentials can be used as a reference for future researchers with other local potentials. The local potential integrated book can also become an alternative-learning mode, e.g.: based on STEM, with materials suitable for local potentials in other regions.

This study aims to determine the distribution of higher-order mathematical thinking skills of students of state senior high schools in Tasikmalaya City in the academic year 2018/2019, to find out whether there is a relationship between mathematical critical thinking abilities with students' mathematical creative thinking skills High School in Tasikmalaya City 2018/2019 academic year. This research is a type of descriptive research using quantitative descriptive methods. The population in this study were all students of Tasikmalaya City Senior High School in class X, class XI, and class XII, ranging in age from 16-18 years. The sampling technique in this study uses a probability sampling technique that is Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling, by taking 2 classes each school. The research instrument used in this study was a matter of high-level mathematical thinking ability tests which are slices of the cognitive dimension of Bloom's Taxonomy with the 2013 Curriculum Dimension dimension consisting of questions of critical and creative thinking skills. The results showed that the distribution of mathematical thinking ability levels in high school students in the City of Tasikmalaya academic year 2018/2019 as follows: a) mathematical HOTS ability with a very good category was obtained by 2 Schools or 20% of all High School Schools in Tasikmalaya City, the ability Mathematical HOTS with the good category is obtained by 7 Schools or 70% of all High Schools in Tasikmalaya City, Mathematical HOTS ability with a pretty good category is obtained by 1 School, namely SMAN J or 10% of all Public High Schools in Tasikmalaya City. There is a significant relationship between students' mathematical critical thinking skills with the mathematical creative thinking abilities of high school students in the City of Tasikmalaya 2018/2019 academic year. with the degree of correlation obtained a correlation coefficient of 0.283 or are in a low category. Keywords: Higher Order Mathematical Thinking Skills, mathematical critical thinking skills, mathematical creative thinking skills.

In 21st-century learning, students are required to develop critical thinking and collaboration skills. Project-Based Learning (PjBL) integrated with gamification is considered a potential approach to support these competencies. This study aimed to examine the effect of gamification-assisted PjBL on Grade X students’ critical thinking and collaboration skills in the biodiversity topic at SMAN 21 Medan. The study employed a quasi-experimental method using a Non-Equivalent Control Group design, involving class X5 as the experimental group and class X7 as the control group selected through random sampling. Critical thinking skills were measured using ten essay questions representing five indicators, while collaboration skills were assessed through an observation sheet based on four indicators. The results showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups. The t-test analysis of critical thinking skills yielded a significance value of 0.016 (&lt; 0.05), with the experimental group achieving a higher posttest mean score (75.25) than the control group (61.60). Similarly, collaboration skills showed a significant difference with a significance value of &lt; 0.001. These findings indicate that gamification-assisted PjBL has a positive effect on improving students’ critical thinking and collaboration skills compared to PjBL without gamification. Therefore, it is recommended that biology teachers integrate gamification elements such as points, badges, and challenges into project-based learning to enhance students’ critical thinking and collaboration skills.

BackgroundNursing education plays a critical role in developing students' critical thinking skills. Conventional lecture-based methods struggle to hold the attention of today's students. To tackle complicated challenges, the six thinking hats method can inspire diverse viewpoints and innovative problem-solving. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of applying the Six Thinking Hats strategy on nursing students in the "Development through Life Span" course and its impact on their critical thinking skills.MethodsA quasi-experimental research design involving a one-group pretest and posttest was employed to achieve the study’s objectives. The sample consisted of 160 s-year nursing students in their sixth level, who were enrolled in the Development Through the Lifespan course. Data collection utilized two tools: the Six Thinking Hats Teaching Strategies Students’ Opinions Questionnaire and the Critical Thinking Ability Scale for College Students.ResultsThe findings indicate that the majority of participants were 20 years old, with a mean age of 19.8 years (± 0.6). Female students made up a slight majority at 56.3%. A satisfactory attitude toward the Six Thinking Hats model was observed by 71.3% of the students, while 28.7% exhibited a negative attitude. Additionally, a positive correlation was found between students' opinions on the Six Thinking Hats model and their scores on the Critical Thinking Ability Scale, with statistically significant differences noted. The Six Thinking Hats technique proved effective in enhancing nursing students' critical thinking and problem-solving skills, encouraging them to explore diverse perspectives, generate innovative ideas, and make well-rounded decisions. Furthermore, this strategy fostered improved collaboration, communication, and creativity among the students.ConclusionThe findings suggest that the six thinking hats approach can be a valuable teaching strategy in nursing education, fostering critical thinking and enhancing the overall quality of nursing education to improve patient care outcomes.