Developing Space Planning Aids for Central Office Equipment Systems

The consideration of ergonomic principles can be invaluable when planning an office layout or other internal space. Once the obvious physical requirements and constraints are known, several techniques can be used to produce a specification for the new layout. Stakeholder analysis reveals the requirements of the users of the new space, and also serves to gain involvement and commitment from staff. Link analysis represents connections between elements in the office design, and can show the importance of these connections. This article outlines some of the issues involved in office layouts and space planning and demonstrates how ergonomics can be used to make such work a success. It explains how to use stakeholder and link analyses and describes an example of office planning in practice. To conclude, an ergonomic checklist is given which summarises some of the issues to consider when planning a new or revised layout.

1 - Space Planning and Basic Equipment Systems

Development of a reliable building energy model that could effectively map the hygro-thermal dynamics of building space is a fundamental challenge. To pursue such an objective, a building energy systems model is developed by formulating energy transfer equations for buildings’ elements like building envelope and space, PID-controlled HVAC system, lighting system, and active occupancy schedule. Thermal energy transfer processes (latent and sensible) within building space and surroundings have been considered. Developed white box model for building energy system, including the construction elements and building space, is represented in a state-space approach to carry out the performance analysis. Developed state space model considers causal heat transfer occurring due to luminaries, occupants, furniture and other equipment in the building space. Developed building energy model is subjected to step excitations to analyze the performance in terms of rise time, settling time, and peak time. Step response of building space dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity for excitations of outdoor weather conditions are analyzed. Performance characteristics based on the system transfer functions and HVAC power is analyzed for different scenarios by varying the excitation values. Such analysis shall help in developing models for dynamic inputs and improve the computational performance of building energy models.

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a flourishing device and approach for Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) which assist; the planning, design, constructions and operation with particular to commence the designing in several components of the building, a comprehensive understanding of the activities and needed in all aspects. An aspect of activities and needs is the first step to be analysed in the design and it is the responsibility of professionals’ interior designers. To solve the problems, is required to attach with the certain factors such as space planning, specifications fixture, equipment and material, furniture and finishing, lighting fixing and service management. BIM application can provide interior designers such as simulation, analysis, design process and solution with team members. Furthermore, some of the interior designer also using BIM as to organize, documenting data and optimise detail information in solving the problem in the develop process. BIM technology and practices not only to improve the construction and design process development that only the project faster, cost effectively, and prolong but it also helps to increase the capacity of BIM professional by improvise the careers and fields. In the Malaysian context, BIM is still fresh in interior desogn industry.

The paper reports a recent study of the impact of information technology (I.T.) on the planning and design of office building. Advanced I.T. is associated with changes to organizational structure which in turn affect space planning requirements. Recent research is reviewed to indicate trends in organizational change. Then the implications for planning and design are discussed. Conclusions are drawn for the future layout and design of office buildings suitable for organizations with advanced I.T.

The layout of explosion-proof electrical equipment on offshore oil platforms is dense, which can lead to problems such as improper sensor settings, making sensors susceptible to environmental interference, low reliability of single sensor data, and the possibility of false alarms or missed detections. However, the current prediction and analysis of explosion-proof electrical equipment on offshore oil platforms still rely mainly on the experience and rules of single-parameter alarms. In order to improve the safety monitoring level of explosion-proof electrical equipment on offshore platforms, a method for constructing an online monitoring and early warning system for explosion-proof electrical equipment on offshore platforms based on multi-parameter fusion has been proposed. First, determine the system architecture, design requirements, and functional modules; Second, data is collected through modules such as sensors and wireless gateways; Finally, a multi-parameter fusion algorithm is used to establish a device alarm mechanism, which is visually displayed and promptly alerted in case of data anomalies. This system fuses multi-sensor data using Dempster-Shafer evidence theory. The fusion process encompasses data normalization, historical data-based BPA assignment, evaluation of inter-sensor BPA conflict/uncertainty, and weighted-average fusion to obtain the final result. The simulation experiment platform test shows that the online monitoring and early warning system for explosion-proof electrical equipment on offshore platforms based on multi-parameter fusion can make the management of explosion-proof electrical equipment more scientific and accurate, provide technical support for realizing the automation and intelligence of explosion-proof electrical equipment management, and have significant implications for cost control and production efficiency of enterprises.

Objective: This article aims to show the statistical density of the population per block, toknow its effect as a critical spatial result and its relationship with some socio-environmental indicators, this analysis-process incorporates statistical data andgeographic information systems as a model for territorial spatial analysis, which showsthe relationship between demand and generation of services.Design / Methodology / Approach: The Urban Basic Geostatistical Units data of INEGI(the Spanish acronym of the National Geostatistical Information Institute in Mexico) wasused on block-level as: number of inhabitants and number of dwellings. It wasassociated with variables identified by exploring those key stakeholders at the locality(Delegates, and the Council for Citizenship Participation (in Spanish, COPACI), as wellas the Huexotla Ejido Commissariat, their clergy representative and some other keyinformants. In addition, GIS were used to digitize vector information and to integrate arelational database for the geospatial analysis of the variables, data and indicators inorder to obtain zoning maps.Results: This study presents a proposal for the generation of socio-environmentalindicators that can be used in territorial analysis with urban and rural applications usingGeographic Information Systems as a tool.Study limitations: Transition processes converge in geographic transformation and,consequently have effects on landscape changes; demand for public services; and solidwaste generation.Findings / Conclusions: The size of the scale used for the locality analysis contributesto determine the territorial planning of a geographical space. Thus, results obtaineddeliver information for planning in the decision-making processes at localities in rural tourban transitional zones.

Territorial space refers to the physical space comprising all natural, social and economic resources within a nation’s sovereign territory. It forms the material foundation on which a country and its people depend for survive, livelihood and development. Coordinated planning of territorial space aims to ensure effective protection, efficient utilization, and sustainable development. It not only fulfills people's aspirations for a better life and high-quality growth, but also represents a key responsibility and authority of a sovereign government. The book consists of 12 chapters. It reviews the conceptual evolution of land resources and ecological civilization, examines the development of cities and urbanization, and integrates planning theories, spatial layout control, and implementation practices. It summarizes the fundamental principles and knowledge system of territorial spatial planning and constructs a comprehensive planning framework. The book approaches the topic from multiple dimensions, progressing from superficial to in-depth analysis, covering spatial planning to regional development, and addressing both master planning and detailed planning—all aimed at providing guidance for promoting high-quality urban development. At the same time, it also emphasizes the creation of livable urban and rural environments, urban renewal and design, the preservation of historical and cultural heritage, as well as monitoring and evaluating planning implementation. These efforts aim to ensure the effective functioning of territorial spatial planning and help readers gain a more intuitive and comprehensive understanding of the subject.

Territorial space classification (TSC) provides the basis for establishing systems of national territory spatial planning (NTSP) and supervising their implementation in China, thus has important theoretical and application significance. Most of the current TSC research is related to land use/land cover classification, ignoring the connection of the NTSP policies and systems, failing to consider the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of land use superior territorial space functions (TSFs) and the dynamic coupling between land use and its superior TSFs on the result of TSC. In this study, we integrated the factors influencing the connection of NTSP policies and systems and established a theoretical framework system of TSC from the perspective of spatial form and functional use. By integrating the -statistic method with spatiotemporal geographical analysis, we propose a method to construct a TSC system for Qionglai City of Sichuan Province in China based on the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of land use superior TSFs and the dynamic coupling between land use and its superior TSFs. It makes up for the deficiency of directly taking land use/land cover classification as TSC and solves the problems of ignoring the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of land use superior TSFs and the dynamic coupling between land use and its superior TSFs. Using this method, we found that the TSC of Qionglai City consists of 3, 7, and 14 first-, second-, and third-level space types, respectively. The key findings from this study are that land use superior TSFs show spatiotemporal heterogeneity in Qionglai, and coupling effects in spatial distribution were noted between land use types and their superior TSFs, as was temporal heterogeneity in the coupling degree and the structure of the TSFs corresponding to the land use types, which show obvious dynamics and non-stationarity of the functional structure. These findings confirm the necessity of considering the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of land use superior TSFs and the dynamic coupling between land use and its superior TSFs in TSC. This method of establishing a TSC system can be used to address a number of NTSP and management issues, and three examples are provided here: (a) zoning of urban, agricultural, and ecological space; (b) use planning of production, living and ecological space; (c) delimitation of urban development boundary, permanent basic farmland protection redline, and ecological protection redline.

International Engineering Consortium predicted that cellular manufacturing would become the main production model of manufacturing enterprises in the future. In recent years, studies both at home and abroad were primarily around cellular manufacturing system design and equipment layout, while research on cellular manufacturing management pattern was relatively small. Based on elaborating the basic concepts and organizational forms of cellular manufacturing, this paper gives autonomous management models of cellular manufacturing, and proposes optimization management method, so as to expand production management theory and provide reference to cellular manufacturing enterprises.

Saudi Aramco planned to drill three horizontal wells underbalanced in the Uthmaniyah Field in Saudi Arabia but concern was raised because the large volume of fluid produced would also contain a high concentration of H2S. A detailed engineering study was conducted of the well parameters and it was recommended that a diesel-based fluid system be used initially for compatibility, cuttings carrying capacity and pressure control. Since the underbalanced operation was based on the flow drilling technique, the drilling fluid system was diluted and became a produced oil system as the underbalanced drilling operation progressed.An important part of the design and treatment program was the minimization of H2S exposure for personnel on the rig site. A preliminary review of the operation revealed the areas of greatest concern; and the equipment layout was designed to ensure efficient separation and permit fluid treatment at surface. Laboratory studies recommended a proprietary oil-soluble H2S scavenger to remove residual H2S in the circulating fluid, and treatment points were selected for optimal performance.All three wells were successfully drilled in an underbalanced condition. There were some minor H2S releases on the first well at several open points in the system, requiring a reassessment of the separation layout and design, particularly in the solids control equipment, and in the fluid treatment program. Once this was accomplished, the subsequent wells proceeded more smoothly. H2S levels in both the liquid and gas streams were monitored and showed very good removal efficiency despite the high production of both oil and gas from the wells.This paper describes the design of the fluid system and separation equipment for the three wells. It will also highlight results from all three wells, showing the learning experience and optimization of the drilling operation from a fluid engineering and treatment point of view, as well as recommendations for future wells.

As a part of integrated urban ecosystems, green space is an important target of urban renewal planning. In the process of urban renewal of green space, it is difficult to control the special planning for green space systems, and the scale of urban public space is insufficient. From the perspective of spatial governance, it is of great practical importance to study the relationship between site selection optimization and the control of special planning for green space systems. This paper proposes a method of green space evaluation and site selection optimization based on Geographic Information System (GIS) modelling and particle swarm optimization algorithm. It optimizes the green space allocation by using the model constraints. Taking the special planning for green space systems in Gaochun District, Nanjing City as an example, it analyzes the constraints of the special planning for green space systems in the site selection optimization model from two perspectives: indicator conditional constraints and space requirement constraints. The GIS model of optimal site selection is introduced into the special planning for green space systems’ adjustment process in the context of urban renewal. This approach can bring a variety of positive benefits to meet the needs of green space sharing and people's well-being.

THE PURPOSE OF financial information (including accounting information), concerning the outcomes of business enterprises, is to facilitate the decision process utilized by rational investors in determining their consumption-investment plans. At the very least, any logical framework purporting to be a theory of accounting should be able to explain explicitly what the effects of information are on this process. Unfortunately, to date, this goal remains unrealized. The purpose of this paper is to discuss what we believe to be the setting necessary to analyze the role of information in the investors' decision process and to consider the details that characterize such a setting. Obviously, much effort has been devoted to analyzing many different aspects of the relationship between accounting information and the investors' decision process, but unfortunately very few noteworthy results have been derived. While it is not necessary to review these efforts, it is crucial to note that almost without exception they fail to explicitly recognize the implications which arise because use of accounting information in the decision process takes place within the context of a market' which allocates goods, resources and, implicitly, risks. Conclusions regarding the effects of information or changes in information that are developed outside of a market context are most often incorrect. For example, if one considers the effect of (costless) information on an isolated investor, one might conclude that the investor is no worse off since the set of available alternatives and more information contains as a subset the set of alternatives available with less information. However, if information is to be provided by increased disclosure on published financial statements, the conclusion is not in general true. The analysis fails to recognize that some of the parameters (e.g., prices in the budget constraint) in the investors' decision problem are, in fact, endogeneously generated by the simultaneous action of all investors participating in the market. Indeed, this is what Hirshleifer [15] demonstrated in his seminal article. A necessary prerequisite for the general equilibrium approach is the judicious characterization of those specifics of the market setting which are crucial in capturing the effects of information. Indeed, judicious characterization is an art requiring an understanding of the results desired, the alternative characterizations available, insight and luck. With the hope that we will facilitate this process and hasten the development of a theory of accounting, the next section of the paper

Education in logistics and training of non-logistic personnel

In order to accomplish the reliable planning and operation of large interconnected power systems with high penetration of renewables, knowledge of the impacts on individual transmission lines and power plants within the system is required. This may be accomplished using high-resolution optimal power flow simulations with which different scenarios can be assessed. This paper presents detailed numerical weather prediction models that can be used for accurate predictions of solar and wind generated electricity. Furthermore a high-resolution power demand model that accounts for the spatial and temporal variations of different sectors is presented. The models are demonstrated in the case of one-year hourly resolution simulation of the central European power system.