Developing sustainable arrangements for “proactive” disaster risk financing in Java, Indonesia

Earthquakes are a growing threat to Indonesia, with limited resources for risk mitigation. The current reliance on government relief is unsustainable. Despite Law No. 24/2007 on Disaster Management, inclusive disaster risk financing schemes have yet to be established. This study aims to provide evidence for disaster risk financing strategies in Indonesia, focusing on geological disasters in active fault areas with high population density. Aligned with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) Priority 2, this study seeks to address the financial impact of disasters on governments and societies. By analyzing responses to risk financing following the November 21, 2022 earthquake in Cianjur Regency, this study examines emotional reactions, risk perceptions, and willingness to participate in risk insurance. The findings highlight low participation in insurance programs due to limited insurance literacy and low enrollment in micro earthquake insurance. Material losses from the Cianjur earthquake impose a significant financial burden on the government. There is a critical need for disaster insurance schemes, especially for homes and fixed assets at high risk of land loss due to landslides. Willingness to participate varies among different socioeconomic backgrounds. This article emphasizes the urgency of implementing disaster risk financing in Indonesia, with a focus on the vulnerability of poor and low-income households.

Waste management is a cross-cutting issue that is closely related to various global challenges. At the local government level, waste management services carried out demonstrate the sustainability of a city so that local governments are responsible for finding affordable waste management solutions with the least impact on the environment. North Lombok Regency has a waste management problem that results in the realization of its handling not reaching the target. To overcome the waste management problem, the local government initiated a priority development program "Zero Waste North Lombok" which is expected to address the existing problems. In the process, the implementation of the program has not run significantly. To support the achievement of the program, a study of the barriers to zero waste was conducted using the fuzzy DEMATEL method. This method is able to facilitate the identification of causal relationships between criteria assessed in complex systems so as to provide information on various perceptions for stakeholders. The 12 barriers identified were divided into two groups: influential barriers and receptive barriers. The influential barriers consist of lack of policies and regulations on waste, lack of cooperation among stakeholders, uncertainty about circular economy targets and strategies, and inadequate sanctions and fines. While the influential group of barriers consists of the barriers of lack of environmental awareness, inadequate recycling techniques, inadequate methods for sorting, transporting and recycling waste, lack of financial and economic assistance, lack of advertising and media coverage for waste management, lack of adequate areas for waste collection and sorting, lack of awareness about environmental protection and lack of temporary shelters. This group of influential barriers needs to be considered and addressed by the local government so that the goals of the "Zero Waste North Lombok" program can be achieved.

The Routledge handbook of international local government

After 2005 Kashmir earthquake, the Government of Pakistan has established national and provincial disaster management authorities and at local level district disaster management authority to handle the disaster risk management system. Under the Hyogo Framework for Actions, a paradigm shift from relief to risk assessment, preparedness and early warning systems is underway, emphasizing community resilience to disasters for hazard mitigation. It is fact that primary responsibility of protecting people and property from hazards rest on the national and local governments. It is the individuals, households and communities that are in the forefront of either escaping from or fighting against disasters. Though the national programs for disaster preparedness and mitigation are essential to save lives and protect livelihoods. This underscores the need for managing disaster risks at the community level. This chapter also discusses the key actors at national, provincial, district and local level and analyses the decentralization of disaster risk management institutions, and the role of local actors. This chapter is divided into ten sections, Sect. 14.2 describes the local government system in Pakistan, Sect. 14.3 elaborate the national disaster management authority and local government system in Pakistan, Sect. 14.4 focuses on the role of Provincial/State/FATA/Gilgit-Baltistan disaster management authorities in the local government, whereas DRR and district disaster management authorities has been discussed in Sect. 14.5, DRR at sub-district/Tehsil/Town level elaborated in Sect. 14.6 and DRR at union council level in Sect. 14.7. Community resilience and local government system analysed in Sect. 14.8, disaster resilience and local government in Sect. 14.9 and challenges and policy options in mainstreaming DRR at local level has been analysed in Sect. 14.10.KeywordsDisaster risk reductionLocal government and DRRCommunity resilienceChallenges and policy issues

We analysed transparency in 394 local government in Indonesia during 2012-2015 period using sociodemography, fiscal, institutional, and economy factors. Transparency is assessed from the result of transparency assessment on local government level from the Commission of Information for Indonesia (Komisi Informasi Indonesia). We use the ratio of elder and human development index as demographic factors; fiscal capacity and leverage as fiscal factors; ideology and the level of local government head vistory as institutional factors; and unemployment level and gross domestic product as economic factors. The data is analysed using panel data regressiong. The analysis result shows that the ratio of elder has negative effect on transparency, but the level of fiscal decentralization, leverage, ideology, unemployment, and economic activity has positive effect on local government transparency in Indonesia. Meanwhile, human resource development and the level of local government head victory have no effect on local government transparency. These results imply that local government needs to increase the level of fiscal decentralization and economic activity at the local government level, as well as reducing the number of unemployment to optimize the transparency in their local government. Future research should try using another transparency measurement such as transparency in local government website and using another factor such as local government environment.

Досліджено нормативно-правовий та інституційно-адміністративний механізм державного управління сталим розвитком аграрного сектору та сільських територій. Проаналізовано міжнародний досвід запровадження принципів сталого розвитку. На основі проведеного аналізу запропоновано алгоритм запровадження основ концепції сталого розвитку України, а саме: прийняття національної стратегії сталого розвитку “Україна – 2030”, відповідно до Глобальних цілей сталого розвитку (далі – ЦСР), прийнятих Генеральною Асамблеєю Організації Об’єднаних Націй (далі – ООН) 25 вересня 2015 р. “Перетворення нашого світу: Порядок денний сталого розвитку 2030”, який вміщує 17 Глобальних ЦСР до 2030 р.; Указу Президента України “Цілі сталого розвитку України на період до 2030 року” від 30.09.2019 р. Зазначено, що в рамках національної стратегії повинна бути розроблена програма сталого розвитку аграрного сектору та сільських територій. Адже для досягнення 2-ї Цілі “Подолання голоду, досягнення продовольчої безпеки, поліпшення харчування та сприяння сталому сільському господарству” саме аграрний сектор та сільські громади мають вирішальну роль. Запропоновано удосконалення адміністративно-інституціонального механізму управління сталим розвитком, а саме створення державного комітету із сталого розвитку, підпорядкованого Кабінету Міністрів України, для здійснення координаційної діяльності всіх міністерств та відомств у напрямку запровадження стратегії сталого розвитку. Розглянуто методи побудови механізмів державного управління сталим розвитком, які враховують інтереси усіх зацікавлених сторін, базуються на моделі “державно-приватного” партнерства, а також методах горизонтальної та вертикальної інтеграції, враховуючи альтернативи розвитку держави, специфіку аграрного сектору економіки, потреб сільських територіальних громад у напрямку досягнення ЦСР.

Private Sector-led Urban Development Projects. Management, Partnerships and Effects in the Netherlands and the UK

Environmental governance implementation at all levels starting from EU up to local level need to have necessary capacity and whole set of governance instruments to ensure that the governance process reaches planned outcomes. The primary aim of the environmental governance assessment in Latvia is to review the implementation of environmental governance at the national level, but considering importance of municipal level as well. The initial part of this study was also part of the European Commission project, realized in the all EU Member States and then were studied several good governance characteristics as transparency, accountability, access to justice, participation, effectiveness and efficiency, and others. There were done all related document studies and additional selected interviews with key experts in the field and representing both governance levels, national and local. The continuation studies done kept similar approaches, however aiming at qualitative updating of environmental governance situation overview, according to the various substantial environmental and administrative-terririal and other changes which were taking place in the meantime in Latvia. Also there were additional studies performed, especially, stressing the importance of municipal environmental governance. Researchers used data and document studies, as well as consultations (express interviews) with related environmental experts/practitioners of different governance levels in the country. There are various environmental governance instruments at national level, having planned impact on local level governance, but local municipalities, as legal entities in the field of public law, first of all rely on regulatory enactments which define in detail the functions, rights and duties of local governments. The legislative framework is exhaustive and detailed, but it is fragmented in relation to the environment protection. Coordination mechanisms between local, regional, and national levels are complicated. The development of infrastructure at national level is mainly linked to existing standards, regulations and procedures for construction, exploitation, etc., as well as the distribution of available EU funds and monitoring and control of use. The financial-economic framework at national level defines the source of municipal finances – real estate tax, population income tax, natural resources tax, but there are yet limited financial mechanisms for local governments of municipalities to stimulate business development in their territory, promote sustainable forms of business, promote the use of renewable energy sources (e.g. wind parks). As regards the institutional and administrative framework and the framework for communication process and its complementary instruments, there are only separate restrictions imposed by regulatory enactments, leaving the local government level with a relatively large freedom of choice, but within their administrative capacities and financial resources available. Effective mechanisms to enable members of the public to make complaints about environmental problems are in place, and for those complaints to be properly addressed, are an important part of environmental compliance assurance. They also reinforce public confidence in environmental laws. Environmental governance in general in Latvia is well enough framed and developed in all governance levels – national, regional, local and grass-root level.

The study sought to examine the socio-economic and cultural factors that affect women’s participation in local level governance in selected districts in the Central Region of Ghana. The qualitative approach was employed for this study, and an interview guide was used to gather data from 11 women assembly members and two of their husbands, making a total of 13 participants. The participants were sampled using purposive, snowball and convenient sampling techniques. The data was analysed thematically. The study identified lack of self-confidence, limited funds, unsupportive family, abuse and harassment, political affiliations in the Assembly and unsupportive religious organizations as the socio-economic and cultural barriers to women participation in local level governance in Agona West, Gomoa West and Gomoa Central Districts in the Central Region of Ghana. The findings showed that despite the barriers, some of the women were able to surmount such challenges and became successful in the District Assembly elections. The study recommended that special fund should be set up by the government to support Assembly women to perform their roles and responsibilities within their communities regularly. Such funds may help them fulfil their campaign promises, which may encourage them to seek re-election in the District Assemblies. Also, female politicians should mentor potential female politicians. The mentors may support them to build the confidence required to engage in local level politics and to aspire higher positions in political office.

Local governments, the world over, in a bid to fulfil their role in delivering essential goods and services, are faced with enormous challenges and contend with allocating resources to meet up with increasing demands for public service. Adopting a multistage sampling method, the study sampled 400 respondents selected from 3 Local Council development Areas [LCDAs] covering 10 communities in Ikeja Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria. Findings from the study indicated that lack of autonomy, corruption, and poor planning are the major challenges confronting local governments in service delivery in Nigeria. It also concludes that the challenges of service delivery by local governments are not restricted to rural areas alone, rather, local governments in urban areas suffer the same fate. The study, therefore, made policy recommendations which include the setting up of a Community Education System (CES) to sensitize the local government residents on the role of local governments in service delivery; setting up of Community Feedback Monitoring System (CFMS) to promote transparency, accountability and probity and the formation of Community Anti-Corruption Volunteers’ Group (CACVG) for campaigning against corruption at the local government level.

This paper examined the fundamental problems that envelope local government administration in Edo State, and discovered that the challenges are constitutional issues. It also identified problems of graft, poor revenue generation by local authorities, and poor revenue allocation cum fiscal transfer to local governments. Besides, the paper identified erosion of fiscal autonomy and failure of local governments to be responsible for their inability to impact positively on the citizenry. Primarily, information was sourced through the interviews of purposively selected Local Government Officials of Edo State origin, while secondary information was collected through the instrumentality of official publications, records of political associations; relevant books, journals as well as Edo State Local Government Law (2000) and the Federal Republic of Nigeria Constitution of 1999. To stimulate harmonious Inter Governmental Relation (IGR), the Presidency should set up Advisory Commission on Inter governmental relations (ACIR) to be located at the Presidency with any arm of it in the State and Local Government levels, and there should be the complete re-orientation and selfpurgation of the rank and file of Local Government functionaries in order to promote high degree of transparency, probity, responsiveness and accountability. Also, some degree of autonomy in operations and resources for local governments should be guaranteed. It is expedient to amend the 1999 constitution to remove the preposterous super-ordinate/subordinate pattern of relationship between state and Local Governments. We strongly feel that if the forgoing ugly situation is pragmatically arrested, local government administration will enhance meaningful national development in NigeriaLWATI: A Journal of Contemporary Research Vol. 5 2008: pp. 215-226

Internationally, migrants encounter a multitude of obstacles in the countries they settle in, including being denied access to essential services and economic prospects due to restrictive laws that undermine their ability to contribute to the fulfilment of the 2030 global agenda. While it is crucial to incorporate migration into development goals at all levels, the integration at the local government level is still incomplete. This research utilises the notion of global governance and employs a qualitative case study approach to conduct an explorative investigation of the difficulties pertaining to the integration of migration into municipal development plans. A total of 20 individuals engaged in municipal development planning were interviewed. The data was collected by reviewing municipal strategic plans. Thematic analysis was employed for data analysis. The study findings indicate that the lack of current migration data, negative attitudes towards migration, and insufficient coordination among parties responsible for development planning are the primary obstacles to integrating migration into municipal development planning. The exclusion of migrants has significant ramifications for municipal planning. Not only does it contradict the 2030 global goal, which recognises migrants as catalysts for sustainable development, but it also renders municipal planning inadequate and unsustainable. The discoveries aided in the creation of the Migration and Municipal Development Planning Framework. The framework has substantial ramifications for municipal planning since it delineates the actions that local municipalities could take to seamlessly incorporate migration issues into development planning, along with the anticipated results. The framework is a unique and valuable addition to the existing knowledge since it offers a fresh viewpoint on the relationship between migration and sustainable development, specifically at the level of local government.

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to investigate strategies for enhancing pollution oversight by local governments while reducing government-enterprise collusion (GEC) levels. Additionally, the factors influencing pollution control efforts at incineration plants are explored. Potential approaches to improving them and for effectively reducing waste incineration pollution are suggested.Design/methodology/approachThe authors examined the most effective methods for mitigating incineration-related pollution and preventing collusion and developed a differential game model involving interactions between local governments and incineration plants. The findings of this work have significant policy implications for central governments worldwide seeking to regulate waste incineration practices.FindingsThe results indicate that, first, elevating environmental assessment standards can incentivize local governments to improve their oversight efforts. Second, collusion between incineration plants and local governments can be deterred by transferring benefits from the plants to the local government, while increased supervision by the central government and the enforcement of penalties for collusion can also mitigate collusion. Third, both central and local governments can bolster their supervisory and penalty mechanisms for instances of excessive pollution, encouraging incineration plants to invest more in pollution control. Finally, when the central government finds it challenging to detect excessive incineration-related pollution, enhancing rewards and penalties at the local government level can be a viable alternative.Originality/valueThis study stands out by considering the dynamic nature of pollutants. A differential game model is constructed which captures the evolving dynamics between local governments and incineration plants, offering insights regarding the prevention of collusion from a dynamic perspective. The findings may provide a valuable reference for governments as they develop and enforce regulations while motivating incineration plants to actively engage in reducing waste-incineration pollution.

The representation of women in administrative positions and local legislature in Ethiopia is very low. The average percentage of women in leadership positions and legislatures in the study area is 14.2% and 33.8% respectively. This study seeks to understand barriers to women’s participation in politics at the local government level in Ethiopia. To achieve this, cross-sectional research approach and probability sampling technique was used; accordingly, 399 sample households were selected. Quantitative data was gathered through a household survey questionnaire, and complimentary qualitative information was collected via key informant interviews and focus group discussions. The quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics whilst thematic analysis technique was used to deal with the qualitative data. The study highlights the prevalence of negative views on the capacity of women in leadership roles which adversely affects women’s ability to distinguish and manage societal affairs. The cumulative effect resulted in the thinking of women’s position in governmental offices at the lower level. The barrier that female political aspirants emphasised were: lack of experience, lack of confidence, low level of educational status, and domestic and societal responsibilities. Thus, the research recommends the need for strengthening women’s associations and civil society groups and networks that focus on local governance and citizen participation.

This research aims to determine the influence of auditor quality, the number of local government units, the age of local government, dependence on the central government, the tenure of local government leaders, and legislative oversight on the level of follow-up implementation of recommendations from local governments. The Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia (BPK) at the local government level in Aceh Province, both simultaneously and partially. The method used in this research is quantitative. The population in this study consists of all local governments in Aceh Province, which are 24 local governments. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the data. The results of the research show that auditor quality, the number of local government units, the age of local government, dependence on the central government, the tenure of local government leaders, and legislative oversight, collectively (simultaneously), influence the level of implementation of follow-up recommendations from the BPK. Partial testing shows that auditor quality, the age of the local government, dependence on the central government, the tenure of local government leaders, and legislative oversight have a positive influence on the level of follow-up implementation of BPK recommendations in local governments in Aceh Province during the period from 2017 to 2021. The research implies the importance of investing in training and improving the quality of auditors in local governments, as well as the importance of planning and managing the number of local government units wisely to enhance efficiency and effectiveness.