Development Concepts of Regional Clusters and Basic Orientations

PurposeThis paper examines how market orientation and competence of knowledge reinforce the innovation and in turn improve the business performance.Design/methodology/approachThis research applied research design with quantitative approach based on positivism philosophy, that is, research aimed to test the theory and data which is general to produce findings that are special through hypothesis test. This study was supplemented by field studies as a necessary source of data in the form of trends, attitudes, opinions, perceptions of owners, managers or senior employees of SMEs in the textile industry in Bali, related to the variables used in this study.Findings(1) Market orientation influences business performance, (2) competence of knowledge moderates the influence of market orientation on business performance, (3) innovation moderates the influence of market orientation on business performance.Originality/value(1) Novelty of this research is developing the concept of competence of knowledge associated with business performance in which this relationship has not yet been expressed. (2) Building the concept of innovation development of small-scale industry based on the market orientation. (3) Developing the concept of innovative development of small and medium enterprises of textile industry based on competence of knowledge. (4) Investigating the concept of market orientation and competence of knowledge in an integrated and holistic way to strengthen the innovation and business performance of SMEs of the textile industry in Bali.

The article reflects the results of a study conducted as part of the research project "Providing the complementarity of digital and socio-economic transformations." The main directions of digital transformation influence at economic relationship and effectiveness of production are identified and generalized. The relationship between integration into global value chains with the concepts of smart specialization, cluster and ecosystem development is shown. It means that the basis of successful integration into global value chains is the developed innovative ecosystems of high-tech industries, on which developed sectoral and regional clusters can be based and in which, accordingly, there is a deeper smart specialization. Tendencies, peculiarities and drivers of the world digital development are considered. New global challenges of digital development and its impact on the economy and society in Ukraine are defined and analyzed. It is shown that over the last 20 years Ukraine has transformed from a newcomer in the field of information and communication technologies to a center for the creation and export of services. The state and possible prospects of development of Ukrainian Industry 4.0 in the context of post COVID-19 are analyzed. The main reason for the negative trends is the structural degradation of the economy due to the decline of the processing industry, which is a consequence of the crisis socio-economic and political phenomena in the country, lack of systemic state industrial policy and inadequate business climate. The main threats and new opportunities of socio-economic and digital transformations posed to the country by the coronavirus pandemic are summarized. The main emphasis is on Ukraine's ability to include value added in new chains or build on existing ones. Proposals have been developed for the authorities to provide the complementarity of digital and socio-economic transformations.

This chapter aims to apply the ecological concept of ‘resilience’ to the socio-economic development of the rural region. It argues that two elements are crucial for and prerequisite to ‘rural resilience’: (1) regional specialisation and, connected with that, the development of regional clusters; and (2) the regional ability to transform. In our view rural resilience is shaped within the context of social, economic and environmental (biophysical) possibilities and constraints. This means that ‘rural resilience’ is inextricably connected to the design of the rural landscape; that is, landscape design and spatial organisation determine and influence ‘rural resilience’. In this chapter, we focus on two main functions of rural areas, namely agriculture and the supply of rural services, such as agro-tourism and nature and landscape management.

The paper discusses the situation of Russian regions, affecting the fuel and energy balance system and the level of emissions to the atmosphere. The method of clustering regions of Russia in terms of gasification and emissions is used to form objects of homogeneous groups and establish a quantitative measure of their similarity or difference. The author analyzed the peculiarities of the ecological situation in the regions of Russia. The exclusiveness of atmospheric pollutants is their prevailing localization in relatively small geographic areas - cities and other industrial centers. The basic concept of sustainable development is to solve the problems of the link between maintaining a clean environment and achieving high rates of economic growth. The purpose of the study is to quantitatively study the influence of environmental and technological factors on the state of the environment in various developing regions.

The article is devoted to the development of theoretical foundations of the concept of smart specialization at the regional level, the search for "smart" strategies and the dissemination of relevant processes, as well as of prerequisites that contribute to the sustainable development of regions. It is determined that the theories of uneven development and regional imbalance serve as a basis and starting point for the formation of smart specialization processes in the regions. The main postulates of the development of smart specialization in terms of economic schools, which emphasize the importance of technological progress for the growth of the economy and the country's competitiveness, are systematized. The main stages of the development and dissemination of smart specialization in the market space are highlighted. It has been established that smart specialization is an innovative tool of the EU, which contributes to the progressive development of the regional economy due to strategic approaches to the regional environment. The European Commission considers the renewal of European industry and the economy in general through the development of smart specialization strategies. The main criteria of modern regional innovation strategies in terms of the formation of smart specialization have been identified. Possibilities of smart specialization in the development of the country's regions have been proven. Thus, smart specialization contributes to the transformation of regions into world-class European regional clusters through strategic growth priorities, which is reflected in relevant theories and concepts of regional development. In view of wide prospects offered by smart specialization, as well as taking into account the need to deepen cooperation between our country and EU countries within the framework of the European Good Neighbor Policy, it is necessary to disseminate the innovative culture of regional development and cooperation in Ukraine. The experience accumulated by European countries, which have a successful experience of implementing smart specialization in the regional economy, should be adapted and implemented in the regions of Ukraine to ensure sustainable development and improve the welfare of the country. It is possible to achieve the desired level of the development of the country under the condition of forming a favorable innovation climate within each region and introducing a system of mutually beneficial cooperation of all participants within the framework of smart specialization.

The paper is dedicated to the study of the features of cluster development in Russia. The methodological base of the study includes a set of concepts and theories of special organization of the economy, cluster development concept, theories of network economy and open innovations. We have proved that economy clusterization is a mechanism of efficient productional, science and technological and innovative cooperation of real economy sector enterprises in conditions of strategical tasks of its competitiveness increase. The analysis of the stages of cluster development allowed us to ascertain the initial level of the process being considered under the progressive dynamics of the main functional indicators and increase of business motivation to the economic interaction. There were singled out the main factors of cooperation inside clusters for Russian conditions. We have presented a review of the key directions and events of national economy clusterization. Decentralization of cluster development management contributes to the strengthening of regional economic systems and active advancement of regional cluster initiatives. The creation of digital intracluster interaction platforms in the regions of presence is proposed. It has been noted that to stimulate the process of continuous innovation in clusters of state subsidies allocated to date, it is not enough. The practical significance of the results lies in the possibility of their use in the development of development strategies and programs at the regional and national levels.