Development of a Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Simulation Model: A Hybrid Systems Approach.

Recent simulation literature shows a growing interest in the integration of artificial intelligent concepts with computer simulation to automate the simulation phases of model construction and translation. Little attention has been paid to aiding modellers in the use of output data over the life cycle of a simulation model associated with a manufacturing system study. In modern computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) environments, information from related areas ideally should cohabit a common database system. In this paper, relational database structures for computer simulation results over the life cycle of simulation models are developed by classifying different types of model structures, user goals, and associated experimental design conditions common to all manufacturing systems. The structures provide an intermediate step between a pure simulation environment and a complete CIM relational database system and serve as a formal basis to create an automated database structure building system. Several simulation environments have been constructed with this approach and have proven successful.

Research objective: development of a method assessing the security of critical information infrastructure (CII) based on semi-natural and simulation modeling tools. The proposed method allows to develop parametric accurate simulation models of the CII object to investigate the properties of security and stability, to model the impact on the objects of computer attacks (CA). Research methods: mathematical methods of systems theory and systems analysis of probability theory, methods of graph theory, methods of simulation modeling. Research result: the proposed modeling method allows to take into account the configuration and communication features of the construction and functioning of CII objects, the dynamics and parameters of the intruder's impact on the CII objects, the existing security policy, to model the stability property, to conduct research on the degree of influence of the constituent elements on the security of the CII object. The developed modeling method makes it possible to assess the security of KII objects taking into account the configuration and communication parameters of the KII object, to reduce the dependence on expert assessments, to obtain parametrically justified security assessments.

In the world with increasing sources of uncertainties, manufacturing industry is facing problems that are both bigger and more complex. The industry must continue to run the business smoothly in the continuously changing environment. In this study, a Lean Flexible Cellular Manufacturing Simulation (LFCMS) model was developed, tested and implemented to improve flexibility, efficiency and output level inside a manufacturing plant. Namely, an investigation using Value Stream Mapping (VSM) of overall production process was carried out to identify possible root causes of waste. Then, several designs of cellular manufacturing are developed in simulation models and were verified by comparing to the actual production data. The results from simulation runs are compared and analyzed in the last section. We show that the LFCMS model can be used to improve both the productivity and flexibility, while reducing production cost of a manufacturing facility facing uncertainties in business environment.

As trade among countries grows, the performance of container terminals is becoming more important than ever. In this paper, we present a 3D real-time-visualization container- terminal simulation model based on Plant Simulation, a commercial simulation modeling and execution tool. Our model reproduces every detailed behavior of container-terminal equipment, including not only movements of yard tractors and cranes but also those of trolleys, spreaders, and other machinery. Such low-level representation enables our simulation model to be easily visualized in 3D form and to offer real-time interactive capability. We analyzed the performance of container terminals by varying the settings such as the speeds of trolleys and spreaders, in detail. The simulation model in this study is expected to be useful for assessment of the effects of prospective new equipment on the performance of container terminals and, thereby, for decision-making on the implementation of such equipment.

The integration of various technical activities in a manufacturing organization using computer-based systems is very effective in improving its competitiveness. ComputerAided Process Planning (CAPP) is an essential function in Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM). During process planning, the design information is interpreted and appropriate manufacturing operations specified, and this activity requires a significant amount of expertise. In this paper, a methodology of integrating the design and planning aspects of manufacturing is proposed which utilizes the concepts of Feature-Based Modelling (FBM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Important process planning activities are identified for the application of neural networks in realizing intelligent CAPP systems. An intelligent CAPP methodology is developed to suggest the appropriate manufacturing operations and their subdivisions. It is then integrated with an FBM shell, which is used to represent the design aspects of the component from a manufacturing point of view. An example is presented. The use of ANNs approach has enabled the development of a very flexible CAPP methodology that can easily be trained to handle new types of components.

GENETIK is a powerful general-purpose visual interactive modeling system that includes both simulation and scheduling modules. The authors present a detailed description of the GENETIK system and its features, with examples of its use as a DSS generator and a simulation modeling tool, as well as its growing application in the role of planning and scheduling. It is noted that GENETIK provides a visually interactive means of giving analysts a fast, easy and powerful tool for developing customized simulation and scheduling systems. Data, pictures, logic and interactions are the four key requirements in building a GENETIK model. By using simple facilities to handle these four requirements, GENETIK makes it possible to build a model of any type of problem, however complex it is. Answers from a GENETIK simulation or scheduling model make it possible to re-assess what the real problem is or prompt fresh ideas for solving it. >

Modeling and simulation are traditional methods used to evaluate wireless network design, this paper provides a discrete event simulation modeling tool built using Borland c++ builder 6 to modeling a GPSR protocol routing process in ad hoc wireless network, this paper describe the main components of discrete event simulation tool used in building any discrete event simulation model such as processes, activities, events, it can also help other researchers to build their own simulation tool.

Traffic violations are common in the area zebra crossing at the location of traffic lights, violations are generally caused by the negligence of motorists who do not comply with existing regulations. As a result, there were many traffic accidents that could have been avoided. Starting from this problem, a simulation model tool is needed that is able to provide direct appeals to drivers when a violation occurs. Based on this, the purpose of this research is to create a simulation model to prevent accidents caused by motorists who are negligent of the rules by identifying vehicles that stop crossing the line boundaries. zebracross or drivers waiting for an out of place traffic light using imagery HaarCascade Classifiers which is programmed using Python and OpenCV to help process digital images. The results of this study that the Haar Cascade Classifier algorithm can characterize motorbikes well, with the best average accuracy value of 91.5% at a resolution of 720p. Based on the results obtained shows that the algorithm haar cascade classifier can detect violations that exist at traffic lights. Hence this indicates the rate of traffic violations can reduce by utilizing the algorithm haar cascade classifier.

The speed at which cities are growing and developing today cannot be disregarded. Human activities and natural causes are both contributors to urban growth. The relationship between these factors is complex and the complexity makes it difficult for the human mind alone to understand cities. A model that helps reveal the complexity is needed for urban studies. Main objective of this study is to understand the effects of urban planning strategies on the future of the city by utilizing a Cellular Automata and Artificial Neural Networks based simulation model. Driving factors of urban growth according to development scenarios were used in the simulation process. Six different development scenarios were formulated according to the strategic plan of Izmir. Land use and driving factor data used in simulating scenarios were acquired from EarthExplorer and OpenStreetMap databases, and produced in QGIS. Future Land Use Simulation Model (FLUS) based on Cellular Automata (CA) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) was used. The results were assessed both by using FRAGSTATS which helped calculate fractal dimensions and visual analysis. Fractal dimension results of each scenario showed that the simulation model respected the overall urban complexity. A closer look at each scenario indicated the diverse local growth possibilities for different scenarios. The results show that urban simulation models when used as decision support tools promise a more inclusive and explicit planning process.

This paper addresses a crane scheduling and machine layout problem in a Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) Environment. A single crame is used to move all the Work-in-Process (WIP) in the system. The overall system objective is to maximize the yield rate subject to the flow time limit of the WIP. We formalize the problem, and analytically and empirically show that cyclic scheduling provides a near optimal solution, which is superior to dispatching rules. First, we illustrate the optimality and benefits of cyclic scheduling in a simple environment. Then, for multiple-product problems, we show that for a given sequence, finding the minimum cycle time becomes the maximum cost circular network flow problem in a graph. Based on the insights developed, a heuristic for sequencing product types in a cycle is derived that approximately minimizes the cycle time over all sequences. Finally, computational experiments are reported and various assertions made in the paper are empirically verified.

A database approach towards flexible manufacturing: A conceptual framework

This letter presents a hierarchical control strategy based on hybrid systems theory, nonlinear control, and safety-critical systems to enable cooperative locomotion of robotic guide dogs and visually impaired people. We address high-dimensional and complex hybrid dynamical models that represent collaborative locomotion. At the high level of the control scheme, local and nonlinear controllers, based on the virtual constraints approach, are designed to induce exponentially stable dynamic gaits. The local controller for the leash is assumed to be a nonlinear controller that keeps the human in a safe distance from the dog while following it. At the lower level, a real-time quadratic programming (QP) is solved for modifying the local controllers of the robot as well as the leash to avoid obstacles. In particular, the QP framework is set up based on control barrier functions (CBFs) to compute optimal control inputs that guarantee safety while being close to the local controllers. The stability of the complex periodic gaits is investigated through the Poincare return map. To demonstrate the power of the analytical foundation, the control algorithms are transferred into an extensive numerical simulation of a complex model that represents cooperative locomotion of a quadrupedal robot, referred to as Vision 60, and a human model. The complex model has 16 continuous-time domains with 60 state variables and 20 control inputs.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate and extract various significant factors influencing the implementation of total quality management (TQM) and total productive maintenance (TPM) on business performance for the following approaches: TPM alone; both TQM-TPM combined for improving manufacturing performance in the Indian manufacturing industry. Design/methodology/approach – In the present study, 94 manufacturing organizations have been extensively surveyed, to ascertain the contributions made by TQM and TPM initiatives in the Indian manufacturing industries toward realizing manufacturing performance improvements. The correlations between various TQM and TPM implementation issues and manufacturing performance improvements have been evaluated and validated by employing various statistical tools. Findings – This paper illustrates how the synergistic relationship of TQM and TPM paradigms can be helpful for Indian manufacturing industries to enhance overall business performance. The major objectives of this research is to examine, the effectiveness of performance parameters (dependent variables) and factors of implementation (independent variables) of companies implementing TPM alone and TQM-TPM combined approach to improve their business performance and how the support of TQM provides a synergetic effect on TPM's contribution in improving better business performance. Originality/value – TQM and TPM, are such popular initiatives employed by the manufacturing organizations as performance improvement techniques. These programs are employed world over for attaining customer satisfaction, reliability, productivity, market share, profitability and even survival. The study stresses upon the need for improving coordination between manufacturing parameters and other organizational quality improvement initiatives through transfusion of TQM and TPM and to examine the impact of experience in terms of time period on effectiveness of performance parameters when TQM is supported by TPM for Indian manufacturing companies.

Once the simulation analysis is completed, what becomes of the simulation model? Often all the efforts and costs incurred during the simulation project are forgotten once the results of the simulation are determined. Simulation models can have a second life, in which they provide training, educating, and the means to assist the decision making process. Although simulation projects often involve the key individuals necessary for defining, analyzing, and evaluating the simulation models, they often overlook the individuals whom the simulation results will greatly impact. This paper discusses the need for education in the simulation process and some approaches for structuring models to be used for training and educational use.

Traffic activity is unique and occurs throughout the region. All moving traffic movements cause a build up of vehicles when there are conflicts between vehicles and result in congestion, one of which is in the intersection area located on Jalan SM Amin, Pekanbaru. Traffic modelling can assist traffic management through accurate simulation results with field conditions based on driving behavior value VISSIM is a simulation tool used to simulate dynamic traffic flow conditions. The research has aim to modelling and calibrating driver behavior value based on traffic flow conditions at unsignalised intersections in Pekanbaru. This research uses simulation modelling with VISSIM as the modeler and GEH and MAPE as validation tools to choose which right model. Simulation process will used calibration process based on driving behavior value for the right model by trial and error method.. The result showed that simulation model based on default parameter of driving Behavior cannot represent for real traffic. Then changes in the combination of Driving Behaviour values affect the accuracy of model conditions with field conditions. The accuracy is measured using the reference volume of vehicles exiting the unsignalled intersection. Therefore, this research could be can assist in smoothing traffic flow model in Pekanbaru which more easily by using live traffic flow simulation that can be utilized for traffic intersection management scenarios.