Development of a Self Powered Vehicle Detector

The design of modern mechanical components often requires the use of low-density and high-strength parts. Additive manufacturing presents competence in obtaining format complexity internally (voids, ducts, channels) and externally (shape, holes). However, parts obtained by material extrusion additive manufacturing are highly anisotropic and relatively weak. This paper aims to present a new mechanical design technique that combines the high geometry flexibility of additive manufacturing with internal structuring reinforcement by high-strength materials, which enables optimized parts with reinforcement in the most mechanical stressed areas during service, through adopting structured internal geometry filled with reinforcement material. Dense test specimens and test specimens with internal structural canals filled with reinforcement material (epoxy resin and carbon fibers) were designed, fabricated and tested physically and virtually. The obtained results provide property values for 3D-printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (typical material of additive manufacturing) and for this polymer reinforced with various reinforcement material configurations (useful for mechanical design). The reinforcement decreased anisotropy and improved mechanical properties. Optimized parts filled with resin and long carbon fibers had maximum flexural resistance of 112 MPa, with a specific weight of 1.1 g/cm3. This reinforcement provided parts with specific flexural strength similar to structural aluminum alloys, preserving the geometry and external dimension of the printed parts. The technique presented here shows the possibility of new conceptions in mechanical components design and strength optimization by internal reinforcement canals in parts. The technique is useful for mechanical design activity and allows for new product conceptions based on additive manufacturing.

Real-time tracking of human body motion has applications in tele-operation, synthetic reality and others. A motion tracking system based on use of the MARG sensors has been under development at Naval Postgraduate School and Miami University. The magnetic, angular rate, and gravity (MARG) sensor modules use a combination of three orthogonal magnetometers, three orthogonal angular rate sensors, and three orthogonal accelerometers to measure 3-D orientation of individual limb segments in order to determine posture. This paper presents the latest results of the MARG human body motion tracking system. The design and implementation of a control interface unit (CIU), a real-time 3-D human avatar called Andy, and a concurrent client-server program are discussed. Experimental testing and evaluation of the overall MARG system is also presented. The system is able to track multiple human limbs in real time. The captured human motion data can be visualized over the Internet by multiple clients using the 3-D avatar.

More and more sensitivity improvement is required for current sensors that are used in new area of applications, such as electric vehicle, smart meter, and electricity usage monitoring system. To correspond with the technical needs, a high precision magnetic current sensor module has been developed. The sensor module features an excellent linearity and a small magnetic hysteresis. In addition, it offers 2.5–4.5 V voltage output for 0–300 A positive input current and 0.5–2.5 V voltage output for 0–300 A negative input current under −40 °C–125 °C, VCC = 5 V condition.

At this time, security becomes an important thing that must be fulfilled. Especially a room that has valuables. Currently, the average room security only uses conventional methods, which are very easy to break. Therefore, An Intelligent security system is needed to maintain security in a room. An Intelligent security system is a system that can detect everything automatically and can be monitored remotely using the internet or better known as IoT (Internet of Things). This system uses a microcontroller as the primary part of running the system and is supported by several modules such as the PIR infrared motion sensor module, door window magnetic sensor module, camera module, and buzzer alarm module. The door & window magnetic sensor module serves as the first security, which, when the door/window is open, will give a warning via the buzzer alarm module. While the PIR infrared motion sensor module functions as second security which if motion is detected in a room, it will trigger the camera module to take pictures in the room. The results of this system will be sent directly to Android via the Telegram application using a bot. This Telegram bot will send data in text and images from the system to Android directly.

Navigation is one of the most essential human needs. People need to know their location anywhere and everywhere, indoors and outdoors, for example for tracking children and older people who are in extreme need of care or for providing a precise indoor location of calls to 911. The latter is especially important since more than seventy percent of calls are generated indoors. Other important fields are tracking of personnel in possibly dangerous environment, LBS/LBA applications, and social networking that rely on indoor localization. Unfortunately, broadly used satellite navigation receivers work perfectly only under open sky. Operating indoors, GPS/GNSS receivers suffer from signal attenuation when satellite signals propagate through a roof and walls of a building and from the multipath due to their reflection. As a result, accurate GNSS-based position fix is almost impossible in most indoor conditions. We present Coursa Venue solution that was developed by TDK-Invensense for infrastructure-less indoor positioning on commercial smartphones. The solution consists of two major parts: cloud-based software for fingerprinting and mobile applications for Android and iOS that provide real-time blue dot positions to users. TDK-Invensense's approach to real-time indoor positioning is based on fusion of multiple technologies. Measurements from such smartphone sensors as IMU (3D accelerometer, gyroscope), a magnetic field sensor (3D magnetometer), WiFi and BLE modules are used for hybrid indoor positioning in the navigation engine. Particle filtering is used as the fusion engine. Indoor navigation software uses such technologies as PDR, geomagnetic fingerprinting, Wi-Fi/BLE fingerprinting, and, optionally, map matching. TDK-Invensense' ‘s PDR provides prediction of user relative movement regardless of orientation and misalignment of a smartphone, whereas magnetic and radio fingerprinting serves for correction of inertial sensors error. The cloud-based component can create magnetic and radio fingerprint databases using either data collected by designated surveyors who walked inside a venue by predetermined routes, or crowdsourced data from users of a real-time mobile application collected during their everyday activity. This paper discusses the architecture of the Coursa Venue solution and demonstrates its positioning results in several venues with comparison to ground truth paths to provide statistical assessment and key performance indices.

The Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC) Division Keyport is developing a ship deployed data acquisition system for collecting acoustic data from quiet vehicles. This system consists of a low frequency line array, a high frequency line array, environmental sensors, an array electronics buoy, the telemetry link, a surface interface unit, and a controlling computer. The low frequency line array was designed to operate in a band of 100 Hz to 6 kHz with a beam width of 10/spl deg/. The high frequency line array operates in a band up to 48 kHz. The maximum operating depth for the system is 500 m. The electronics are capable of acquiring data from 130 channels simultaneously with each channel being recorded for post acquisition data processing and analysis. In this paper, the electrical, mechanical, and acoustic designs of the system are discussed along with the software algorithms used to process the data. >

Control of magnetic field modulationon two-dimensional electron gas at theGaAs/AlGaAs heterointerface by parallel magnetic field

The humanoid robot iCub is currently equipped with an array of capacitive sensors that provide pressure information throughout the body of the robot. Even though for some applications this type of data is sufficient, it is not always the case for the fingertips of the robot. In particular, the current sensors do not provide enough information for performing agile manipulation, where both intensity and direction of the exerted force on the fingertips are relevant for the proper execution of the task. In this paper, we present a single 3-axis small magnetic sensor module and we show its effectiveness when integrated into the fingertips of the iCub. The sensor module is derived from uSkin, presented in previous works from our laboratory. Replaceable fingertips were designed, built and integrated via software into the low level communication network of the robot, providing fast 3D information about the contact between the fingertips and objects. Additionally, we present two experiments demonstrating tasks that would not be possible to perform with the current fingertip sensors.

The present investigation is aimed toward the development of knowledge-based aids for the design of mechanical systems. We have developed and implemented the knowledgebased aid system, which includes MEET and DPMED. The basic approach of MEET follows along the lines ofDesign=Refinement+ Constraint Propagation. This approach has been proven successful in the circuit design domain. Our attempts to utilize MEET have convinced us that we need to extend this methodology to solve mechanical design problems. The DPMED methodology has been applied to design gear-pairs, v-belts, bearings, and shafts. Rules for selecting materials, critical design criteria, and so on are incorporated as part of the rule-system. In order for DPMED to select the design parameter values within the feasible design space, design criteria need to be investigated. Based on these criteria and input/output specifications, DPMED attempts to perform parameter selections. DPMED uses a general hill-climbing algorithm to guide the search.

Design and noise analysis of a compact magnetic field sensor module based on nonlinear magnetoelectric effect

Expert systems are best known for qualitative or heuristic reasoning capability. However, the design of high performance and critical mechanical components, such as automotive valve springs, requires that precise and quantitative issues be resolved. This paper discusses the extended use of an expert system shell for mechanical spring design automation. An expert system shell is utilized as a user friendly front end and a binding agent among system components. Building blocks of the complete system include a product information data base which is provided by commercial manufacturers, a dynamic modeling and simulation module which includes typical-applications models, an optimization module which uses simulated annealing algorithms, and a design specification generation module which produces production drawings and a design report. The basic methodology discussed in this paper can be applied to the design automation of other mechanical components.

This paper presents a design of a housekeeping robot that can automatically navigate in a room while both vacuum cleaning floors and picking up garbage. First, the background and history of housekeeping robots are summarized. Then, current housekeeping robot products and research are presented. Next, the mechanical structure and components design of the robot is discussed. The feasibility of expected functions is verified through mathematical calculation. The software and control system of the robot is described in terms of environment sensing, objecting identification, and motion control.

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The automobile plays a very important role in the American way of life. The private passenger car has been for generations an expression of a basic American freedom called mobility. In our generation society as a whole, through the federal government, has imposed constraints on the expression of this mobility freedom. These constraints have been imposed in the form of regulations concerning safety, environment and energy. Accordingly, the modern automobile must then be designed to achieve competing objectives in the presence of severe constraints.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Discussed here are modern optimization methods which can be useful in this design environment. Included in the discussion are the very powerful Generalized Reduced Gradient and Method of Multipliers algorithms. Mechanical component and system design examples are given which demonstrate the utility of the optimization approach. Particular attention is given to the engine as a major automotive component. For example, the selection of gear ratios, manifold pressures and shift points during acceleration for minimum fuel consumption is discussed</div>

This paper presents the design and development of an integrated in-package electromagnetic energy harvester sensor node (EHS) and power management for bicycle applications. An integrated coil inside an IC-package delivers energy of 1–7.5 mJ per wheel rotation at a cycling speed of 8–40 kph with a total load resistance of 1k Ω. Unlike the traditional EHS the power delivery path is separated to provide 1.8 V for the transceiver and sensor modules, and 0.4 V for the on-chip microcontroller (MCU) to enable near/sub-threshold operation. A low-power control unit is designed for the proposed harvester to enable switching between states (sense, process, transmit) in cooperation with MCU. Simulation results and analysis of the proposed electromagnetic EHS in response to a time-varying energy source shows significant improvement in energy availability and scalability of our EHS compared to the state-of-the-art. Achieving higher efficiency at the system level design enables significant reduction of the size of the harvester and require energy store capacitors compared to the prior works.

Magnetic flux vertical modulation method based on piezoelectric resonance can reduce the 1/f noise of tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) magnetic sensor and significantly improves the low-frequency magnetic field detectivity. However, the amplitude variation of the modulation structure will lead to the instability of the sensor output. In order to improve the amplitude stability of the modulation structure, an amplitude control method based on the amplitude ratio of the first and second harmonic components of the modulated signal was proposed. Compared with the piezoelectric or capacitive feedback method, this method does not require an independent amplitude conversion circuit, and has the advantages of simple structure, high control efficiency and strong anti-interference ability. The experimental results showed that the amplitude and temperature drift of the modulated structure was significantly suppressed, which is of great significance for enhancing the adaptability of the TMR magnetic sensor to the application environments.