Development of Clinical Engineering in Japan

The continuous progress in modern medicine is not only the level of medical technology, but also various high-tech medical auxiliary equipment. With the rapid development of hospital information construction, medical equipment plays a very important role in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis observation of the disease. However, the continuous growth of the types and quantity of medical equipment has caused considerable difficulties in the management of hospital equipment. In order to improve the efficiency of medical equipment management in hospital, based on cloud computing and the Internet of Things, this paper develops a comprehensive management system of medical equipment and uses the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm and chicken swarm algorithm to help the system reasonably achieve dynamic task scheduling. The purpose of this paper is to develop a comprehensive intelligent management system to master the procurement, maintenance, and use of all medical equipment in the hospital, so as to maximize the scientific management of medical equipment in the hospital. Scientific Management. It is very necessary to develop a preventive maintenance plan for medical equipment. From the experimental data, it can be seen that when the system simultaneously accesses 100 simulated users online, the corresponding time for submitting the equipment maintenance application form is 1228 ms, and the accuracy rate is 99.8%. When there are 1000 simulated online users, the corresponding time for submitting the equipment maintenance application form is 5123 ms, and the correct rate is 99.4%. On the whole, the medical equipment management information system has excellent performance in stress testing. It not only predicts the initial performance requirements, but also provides a large amount of data support for equipment management and maintenance.

The complexity of medical equipment continues to increase, with a greater possibility that patient care could be compromised. The ability of the clinical user of medical equipment to verify the function of some medical devices is reducing; in some cases, it is non-existent. In an environment of increasing litigation, the pressure to get it right in the management of medical equipment is paramount. The financial pressures on health care are also increasing. The need to minimise medico-legal proceedings while cutting costs in the management of medical equipment generates a challenge to balance the conflicting requirements of a clinical engineering service. Risk management can optimise the balance between financial pressures and the desire for safe and functional medical equipment. This requires professional input from clinical and engineering professionals to identify potential compromises to patient or operator safety, and the appropriate remedial measures. While the competing influences of financial efficiency and clinical safety are relatively well recognised, an additional moral obligation is less widely recognised. Information about the management of medical equipment by a health care establishment should be available to patients. This is arguably an important part of the patient's informed consent for a procedure, though not a popular suggestion with hospital management.

This research purposes to develop a medical equipment registration and spare part reserve module which is an important basic component in the WepMEt (Web application for medical equipment management in hospital) program set. This is a main assistive device for medical equipment management in a general hospital. This program is developed as a Web-base application tool which applying a decision supporting system, industrial engineering technique and experience in a real situation in a program development process. Those concepts are conformed in order obtain the program set that response to context and medical equipment management process in Thai and also concerning a hospital quality assurance. Synthesis process of main information for medical equipment registration system and spare part reserve system is performed by group criticizing of medical equipment management expertise. The program development is based on a rapid prototype technique. This program set is tested by recording of 3,512 items of medical equipment from 75 departments, 50 equipment types. The evaluation shows that our program set compatibly response to Firefox browser and able to attach electronic file into database and also able to create and print a bar-code for supporting a program operation.

In order to solve the problems of equipment comprehensive management in grade A hospitals, such as complicated work, low maintenance efficiency, error-prone, non-standard management process, et al. A set of efficient information-based medical management equipment platform was designed to serve the concept of medical departments. B/S (browser and server) architecture and WeChat official accounts technology were adopted to construct the application end and WeChat official accounts client developed by Web technology, and MySQL server was selected as the system database technology. Asset management, equipment maintenance, quality control management, equipment leasing, data statistical analysis and other modules were integrated into the system, which optimized and standardized the medical equipment management process, improved the work efficiency of equipment management personnel, and improved the opening rate of medical equipment. Intelligent management by means of computer technology can effectively improve the utilization rate of hospital equipment, improve the level of hospital informatization and fine management, and contribute to the informatization development of medical engineering department.

The Roundup

<i>Objective: </i>Improve the overall operational quality and development efficiency of medical institutions, enhance the level of medical equipment testing technology and safety quality control, and form a sustainable development model for the medical industry. <i>Methods:</i> Analyze the problems of insufficient professional technology in medical equipment testing management in medical institutions, limited scientific level of metrological testing, and inadequate implementation of medical equipment testing supervision, and seek solutions for standardized testing steps, acceptance quality testing (metrological testing), status testing, and stability testing. <i>Results: </i>Formulate medical equipment testing and safety quality control measures, including continuously increasing the importance of medical equipment quantity testing, strengthening the implementation of measurement testing supervision and management, establishing a sound medical equipment measurement and detection mechanism, Innovation management mode and using information technology. <i>Conclusion: </i>By analyzing the countermeasures for medical equipment testing and safety quality control, strengthening the implementation of metrological testing supervision and management, and establishing a sound mechanism for medical equipment metrological testing, we can improve the collaborative control of medical safety, promote medical safety quality control work, ensure that the effectiveness of hospital medical equipment testing and safety quality control meets the expected requirements, and improve the level of medical equipment testing and safety quality control work.

INTRODUCTION The management of equipment in the operating department is a demanding task that should involve both the medical and non-medical members of the theatre team. If operating theatres are to be run in a safe and efficient manner, management structures must include the policies and protocols needed for the dayto- day management of equipment as well as long-term strategies. Equipment is constantly introduced into hospitals for a variety of reasons, such as new equipment replacing that which is old and worn out, the development of new technology and, of course, the new devices that improve our working lives. Manufacturing companies may promote them as being more user friendly, time saving, cost efficient or safer but the theatre user must become familiar with all equipment and learn how to use it safely and wisely. The introduction of equipment to a hospital is a complicated process and involves many different groups of people, i.e. the manufacturers, engineers, servicing departments, repair specialists, departments within the hospital and the individual user. MANAGING THE USE OF EQUIPMENT WHAT IS MEDICAL EQUIPMENT? Medical equipment is equipment intended to diagnose, treat or monitor the patient under medical supervision and which makes physical contact with the patient or conveys energy to or receives energy from the patient. The type of protection that equipment provides against electric shock is classified as follows: • Class 1 equipment relies on protective earthing mechanisms. • Class 2 equipment relies on sturdy insulation. • Internally powered equipment is classified separately. DESIGN OF MEDICAL EQUIPMENT AND THE MANAGEMENT OF RISK Medical equipment must not only be safe to use but also inherently safe. Although this chapter primarily deals with the management and use of equipment, it is important to have a basic understanding of how medical equipment has evolved in terms of safety. When anaesthetic machines were first introduced, it was not possible to accurately control the concentration of anaesthetic vapour that the patient received and even today many anaesthetic machines are incapable of preventing the delivery of a hypoxic mixture of gases to the patient.

Establish a regional cloud account of hospital medical equipment based on dynamic two-dimensional code link. Establish a medical equipment data platform based on B/S architecture. Combined with mobile internet means such as WeChat and try the industrial 4.0 designed intelligent boxes. The problem of no interface transmission and integration of the regional medical equipment account information is solved. It dynamically collects equipment data, operation cost and efficiency. The real-time operation data is visualized. The dynamic management platform of regional medical equipment helps to standardize the management of large medical equipment and improve the utilization ratio of medical equipment. The platform provides basis of management decisions and equipment allocation for relevant departments.

Clinical engineering departments in hospitals are responsible for establishing and regulating a Medical Equipment Management Program to ensure that medical equipment are safe and reliable. This paper describes an application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for selecting the appropriate maintenance strategy for radiology medical equipment as maintenance plays a key role in reliability, availability, increasing efficiency, and equipment safety. Three most common strategies are considered: corrective, time-based and condition-based maintenance.

Medical equipment maintenance management information system is a web-based information system designed and developed to facilitate hospital management in monitoring and supervising the maintenance and calibration activities of medical equipment. The aim of study is to make system design and development analysis are based on the Systems Development Life Cycle with the waterfall method. System design analysis is intended to obtain information according to the needs and desires of users and the criteria limits of the system to be developed. The system can meet the needs of users with system operational functions by identifying the needs and functional identification of the system. Analysis and design of management information system for medical equipment maintenance can fulfill system requirement needed by hospital management. With medical equipment maintenance management information, hospital management can obtain reports of maintenance and calibration activities quickly and accurately.

The advancement of technology in medical equipment has significantly improved healthcare services. However, failures in upkeeping reliability, availability, and safety affect the healthcare services quality and significant impact can be observed in operations' expenses. The effective and comprehensive medical equipment assessment and monitoring throughout the maintenance phase of the asset life cycle can enhance the equipment reliability, availability, and safety. The study aims to develop the prioritisation assessment and predictive systems that measure the priority of medical equipment's preventive maintenance, corrective maintenance, and replacement programmes. The proposed predictive model is constructed by analysing features of 13,352 medical equipment used in public healthcare clinics in Malaysia. The proposed system comprises three stages: prioritisation analysis, model training, and predictive model development. In this study, we proposed 16 combinations of novel features to be used for prioritisation assessment and prediction of preventive maintenance, corrective maintenance, and replacement programme. The modified k-Means algorithm is proposed during the prioritisation analysis to automatically distinguish raw data into three main clusters of prioritisation assessment. Subsequently, these clusters are fed into and tested with six machine learning algorithms for the predictive prioritisation system. The best predictive models for medical equipment's preventive maintenance, corrective maintenance, and replacement programmes are selected among the tested machine learning algorithms. Findings indicate that the Support Vector Machine performs the best in preventive maintenance and replacement programme prioritisation predictive systems with the highest accuracy of 99.42 and 99.80%, respectively. Meanwhile, K-Nearest Neighbour yielded the highest accuracy in corrective maintenance prioritisation predictive systems with 98.93%. Based on the promising results, clinical engineers and healthcare providers can widely adopt the proposed prioritisation assessment and predictive systems in managing expenses, reporting, scheduling, materials, and workforce.

Quality and risk management become a must in the everyday operation of biomedical engineering departments and maintenance units of modern hospitals. The aim of this paper is to introduce the guidelines to follow in order to ensure a safe and effective daily work of the biomedical engineering department in term of human resources, management of medical equipment, documentation system, audit and accreditation. To complete the quality cycle, the paper will tackle also a dozen of hazards related to medical equipment announced by ECRI institution in the last ten years to ensure safety for patients, operators and environment.

Diabetes technology has rapidly evolved, and insulin infusion pumps (IIPs) have gained worldwide acceptance in diabetes care. The safety of medical equipment is highly discussed, imposing complex challenges in its use. The accuracy of IIPs can be determined through laboratory tests, generally following the IEC 60601-2-24 protocol. Studies have evaluated the accuracy and precision of IIPs, and there are discrepant results. So, we conducted a Systematic Literature Review to assess the methodologies used to evaluate the accuracy of IIPs, organizing the findings in a compiled perspective. The methodology was based on Kitchenham and Biolchini guidelines, and when possible it was carried out the Bayesian meta-analyses to compare the accuracy of IIPs. Most studies used the microgravimetric technique to evaluate the device accuracy, and some proposed adaptations for the standard protocol. The variation of results was recurrent, and the establishment of a protocol, especially to evaluate patch pumps, is necessary. The present study gives enough data to understand the scenario of the IIPs evaluation, as well as the different protocols that can be explored for its evaluation. This highlights the need for a reliable, practical, and low-cost methodology to assist the evaluation of IIPs.

The first article of this series demonstrated that some medical equipment exhibits clear, progressive deterioration with age, whereas some others do not. The second article showed that although most equipment remains safely and reliably deployed well over its respective depreciation period and the end-of-life or end-of-support dates declared by the respective manufacturers, some equipment needs to be replaced sooner. Because it is not practical to wait for the collection and analysis of large amounts of data to better plan for maintenance and replacement, a simple, quantitative model for equipment aging is introduced in this article to help improve both types of planning. The model was tested on professionals not directly involved in its formulation and applied to 34 equipment types. The results show this aging model can be used by professionals experienced in medical equipment maintenance and management, with only some basic instructions. Furthermore, it can be used to update the traditional “risk-based criteria” for planned maintenance and turning it into a risk management method fully compliant with the ISO 14971 standard.

The medical equipment needed can range from highly sophisticated life support systems in tertiary hospitals to the simplest devices needed to accurately diagnose and safely treat patients in primary care. For hospitals to achieve these goals, they must develop and implement an initiative known as a Medical Equipment Management Program (MEMP), which outlines the actions that must be taken to mitigate the risks associated with specific medical devices. Gear. Inspection and preventive maintenance are essential parts of that plan and must be regularly reviewed and updated to keep up with the rapid technological advances in medical devices and the growing expectations of healthcare organizations. According to the latest information gathered on the subject, Indian public hospitals currently do not have a comprehensive metric or "framework to assess the performance of MEMS. This study is carried out with the aim of developing a model or framework for MEMS that can serve as an integrated tool, using key performance indicators (KPIs) as the unit of measurement".