Development of Disaster Prevention System for Accelerator Tunnel

A utility tunnel is a complex underground facility that serves as a critical infrastructure integrating and operating systems such as electricity, telecommunications, and drainage within a city. However, various hazard events such as fire, flooding, condensation, damage, and intrusion can occur within utility tunnels, posing risks not only to the degradation of facility functions but also to potential human casualties and economic losses. Therefore, it is crucial to establish prompt and effective response measures for these hazard events. Unlike previous studies that focused on individual hazard types, this study proposes an integrated and standardized multihazard response framework for utility tunnels. Through case analysis, fire, flooding, condensation, damage, and intrusion were defined as representative hazard events, and the response stages for each were classified into attention, caution, warning, and critical levels. Appropriate response scenarios were developed for each stage, providing prompt and efficient response measures tailored to different situations. The proposed framework offers a unique contribution by presenting a unified structure that supports stage-based management and can be directly applied to smart monitoring and control systems in underground infrastructure. This study is expected to contribute to improving the disaster prevention and response systems of utility tunnels and enhancing overall facility safety.

Wind tunnels are a key experimental tool for the analysis of airflow parameters in many fields of application. Despite their great potential impact on agricultural research, few contributions have dealt with the development of automatic control systems for wind tunnels in the field of greenhouse technology. The objective of this paper is to present an automatic control system that provides precision and speed of measurement, as well as efficient data processing in low-speed wind tunnel experiments for greenhouse engineering applications. The system is based on an algorithm that identifies the system model and calculates the optimum PI controller. The validation of the system was performed on a cellulose evaporative cooling pad and on insect-proof screens to assess its response to perturbations. The control system provided an accuracy of <0.06 m·s−1 for airflow speed and <0.50 Pa for pressure drop, thus permitting the reproducibility and standardization of the tests. The proposed control system also incorporates a fully-integrated software unit that manages the tests in terms of airflow speed and pressure drop set points.

In view of the demand for complex aerodynamic data under high angle of attack in the development of advanced layout aircraft, the AVIC Aerodynamics Research Institute developed a three-degree-of-freedom large amplitude oscillation test system in the FL-51 low speed wind tunnel, which is mainly composed of a three-DOF oscillation device, a drive control system and a hydraulic power system, and can realize the single-DOF, two-DOF and three-DOF large amplitude oscillation test with a model at the scale of 1.5m under the wind speed range of 20m/s∼60m/s. According to the design input of the test system, the hardware scheme design of the drive system and control system, also the position servo control algorithm are designed, and the performance index debugging of the system is carried out. The three-DOF (Pitch, Yaw and Roll) large amplitude oscillation test was first realized in China with a low aspect ratio flying wing layout aircraft model. The debugging results show that the test system has excellent dynamic performance and multi-axis synchronization performance. The test results indicate that the test data obtained by the system is reasonable, and the performance indicators meet the requirements of the multi-degree-of-freedom coupled motion test in the process of aircraft development.

Recently, the research of MAVs (Micro Air Vehicles) is advanced because of the miniaturization of the motor and the battery. The flapping MAVs have several features, such as the endurance to the gust and the ability of hovering flight. It is important to observe the aerodynamic characteristics of the flight of MAVs without a supporting rod in case of flapping MAVs. In the development of the flight experimental system in a wind tunnel, we have succeeded in the stable flight of a fixed-wing MAV as an initial stage. We developed the flight system with feedback control using image processing system which consists of two CCD cameras and image processing device to measure the position and the yaw angle of the MAY. In addition, we manufactured a Flapping MAV of two wings by bio-mimicry. Wing span is 180mm and weight is 4.2 g. The flapping MAV is able to do rising flight and turning flight. The flapping MAV is going to be used for flight experiments.

The aim of this investigation is to develop the central exhaustion systems which are clean ventilation system for road tunnels. In order to maintain environment around road tunnel portals, quantitative evaluation of exhaust gas emission from a road tunnel portal with central exhaustion system was numerically investigated. The sliding mesh with continuous moving technique is developed and utilized for ventilation analyses. The results of two-dimensional simulation show the gas emission rate depend on the location and flow rate of the central exhaustion. It revealed that the two-dimensional simulation gives us quantitative information. Three-dimensional attempts were also carried out. Three-dimensional simulation requires much computational time and resources. Then parametric survey is difficult with PC. However, three-dimensional simulations help us to understand the basic mechanism of gas emission at the tunnel portal. The present methods are therefore useful to understand the aerodynamics and environment for tunnel portals. The numerical simulation is one of the key technologies for the development of the clean system.

The present work seeks to develop a magnetic levitation (MAGLEV) system suitable for a low-speed wind tunnel, to support light-weight models through building-block design, development and experimentation. Design of an appropriate electrical circuit, design of components, results obtained by simulation (on ORCAD-PSPICE) and experimental results obtained through bench-tests are presented. A set of button-type permanent magnet (total weight = 4 gm.) was considered as the object to be levitated and a coil-wound electromagnet used to create a magnetic force which opposed the weight of the object. Distance between the object and the electromagnet was measured using locally available Hall effect sensors and the output amplified using a locally available differential amplifier. Pulse Width Modulation was used to control the current required to generate the required electromagnetic force. The results show that even though the electromagnet was capable of levitating the object, maintaining perfect alignment of the CG of the object with respect to the centre of the electromagnetic force is an important issue. It is therefore suggested that a bar-magnet for the object and a horseshoe magnet for generating the required electromagnetic force would provide a solution. Further, since the model of a prototype can experience aerodynamic forces and moments along three axes, a satisfactory MAGLEV system requires use of multiple horseshoe magnets which can provide vectored electromagnetic forces to keep the object in force as well as moment equilibrium.

A three-component particle image velocimetry (3C-PIV) system was designed installed in the 12-foot (3.7 m) pressure tunnel at NASA Ames Research Center. The system was designed for the testing of a 1/8/sup th/ scale tractor-trailer model called the generic conventional model (GCM). The 12-foot PWT can be pressurized to 6 atmospheres to enable the testing of Reynolds number effects. The data requirements forced a complex system design. Furthermore, the system had to reside inside the plenum where components sensitive to high pressure had to be isolated. Data were obtained in the gap between the tractor and the trailer where Reynolds number effects were suspected to occur. Sample data from this experiment are presented in this paper.

The current situation is that global climate change become grimmer, so it has become an important concern. Improving energy efficiency of our device is one of the measures to solve the threat of global climate change. In this circumstance, the first aims research project to design a lighting system to enhance the energy efficiency and the reliability of the lighting system of APM tunnel. Therefore, the replacement of fluorescent light to LED light is an effective way to achieve the target. In truth, substitution of fluorescent lighting to LED light has been promoted for a long time and have a lot of successful examples in the world. It is because LED light has better luminous efficiency to provide similar brightness with less power. In term of reliability, the lifespan of LED light is much higher than fluorescent light. However, the actual lifespan of LED is easily deteriorated by high temperature environment so provide a suitable environment for LED is very important to let LED light reach its theoretical lifespan. Artificial intelligence has been the hottest topic of technology industry in recent years. It has already applied in daily life such as speech recognition in Apple Siri and face recognition in security system. Consequently, the second aims of research project is using artificial intelligence technology to reduce the workload of frontline maintenance staff. The development of lightings inspection system based on ‘Convolutional Neural Network’ technology to analyst the image taken by camera to identify burnt out light tube inside the APM Tunnel.

This paper uses coal mining as the research object, standing in the perspective of safety production, to investigate the effective prevention and control of coal mine rock burst disaster. It started from the brief description of coal mine rock burst, followed by combining it with the principle of coal mine to analyze the characteristics and causes of coal mine rock burst in detail, which fully displayed the internal mechanism of rock burst in coal mine. Finally, the paper provided a construction strategy for coal mine rock burst disaster prevention and control system. It is hoped that the following research could accelerate people's understanding of coal mine rock burst disaster, to advocate the active construction of a prevention and control system, and then ensure the realization of coal mine safety production.

무선 통신 기술의 발달과 무선기기의 소형화, 그리고 환경에 대한 감지와 제어를 수행하는 센서 네트워크 기술의 확산으로 환경오염, 터널 및 건축물의 붕괴, 홍수, 태풍, 지진 등의 재난에 대비하기 위한 재해 감시 시스템에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 재해 감시 시스템은 원격지의 상태 정보를 검출하고, 재해 상황을 판단하기 위한 규칙 처리 과정 후, 인식된 상황에 따라 방재작업을 지원한다. 그러나 기존의 모니터링 시스템들은 주로 현재 데이터를 위주로 간단한 집계함수 및 연산자만을 지원하기 때문에, 재해를 미리 예측하고 방재하기에는 부족한 점이 있다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 실외 센서 네트워크 및 공간 정보를 고려하여 재해 위험 지역을 미리 예측하는 재해 방지 시스템을 설계, 구현한다. 제시된 위험 지역 예측 기법은 현재 센서 데이터를 토대로 시간에 대한 공간 정보의 변화를 고려하여 미래에 재해 위험이 있는 지역을 추정하여 제시한다. 이로 인해 재해를 미리 예측하고 방비할 수 있게 되고, 재해 피해 감소 및 복구비용을 줄일 수 있다. 제시된 재해 방지 시스템과 위험 지역 예측 기법은 센서네트워크를 기반으로 하는 다양한 재해 방지 시스템에 활용되어 재해 예방 및 피해 감소에 많은 도움을 줄 수 있다. Many disaster monitoring systems are constantly studied to prevent disasters such as environmental pollution, the breaking of a tunnel and a building, flooding, storm earthquake according to the progress of wireless telecommunication, the miniaturization of terminal devices, and the spread of sensor network. A disaster monitoring system can extract information of a remote place, process sensor data with rules to recognize disaster situation, and provide work for preventing disaster. However existing monitoring systems are not enough to predict and prevent disaster, because they can only process current sensor data through utilizing simple aggregation function and operators. In this paper, we design and implement a disaster prevention system to predict near future dangerous area through using outside sensor network and spatial Information. The provided prediction technique considers the change of spatial information over time with current sensor data, and indicates the place that could be dangerous in near future. The system can recognize which place would be dangerous and prepare the disaster prevention. Therefore, damage of disaster and cost of recovery would be reduced. The provided disaster prevention system and prediction technique could be applied to various disaster prevention systems and be utilized for preventing disaster and reducing damages.

Signs have played an important role in all kinds of facilities guidance system as a carrier of information. An intensive research was made about disaster prevention and emergency signs system. This research is concentrated on optimizing the setting of signs from recognition, continuity, effectiveness and systematicness. A site investigation of several transport hub signs system was conducted to analyze the form and effect of the signs setting. Based on the research of signs system, several relatively new results can be revealed. One of the significant conclusions is that the disaster prevention and emergency signs must meet the need of different groups, especially the vulnerable groups. Through the recognition system of specific color, high-tech content, and appropriate location, emergency signs of unified type can be easily understood by the vulnerable groups.

Due to the location and environment of Taiwan, the frequency of nature disaster is high and the caused damages to the human life, properties and transportation facilities are serious. Considering the disaster prevention of bridge structures caused by earthquake, scour, debris flow, corrosion and senescence, literatures involving the developed bridge management information systems and the bridge disaster prevention, alert and prediction systems are collected. This research establishes the bridge disaster emergency procedure for various disasters. Bridge management unit can follow the disaster prevention / action process to reduce the loss caused by nature disasters. To exchange data between different systems, this research establishes a data exchange platform. The software agent including data retrieval, selection, identification and store is developed to automatically exchange data to / from TBMS (Taiwan Bridge Management System), TELES (Taiwan Earthquake Loss Estimation System), Central Weather Bureau, Water Resources Agency, the Soil and Water Conservation Bureau Council of Agriculture. When disasters occur, the system will be activated and used to collect different information from various resources by agent software to identify the damage conditions of bridges. Also, the appropriate actions provided by the system can assist bridge managers for decision-making.

Drowning is among the most common reasons for children’s death aged one to fourteen around the globe, ranking as the third leading cause of unintentional injury death. With rising populations and the growing popularity of swimming pools in hotels and villas, the incidence of drowning has accelerated. Accordingly, the development of systems for detecting and preventing drowning has become increasingly critical to provide safe swimming settings. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive review of recent existing advancements in automated drowning detection and prevention systems. The existing approaches can be broadly categorized according to their objectives into two main groups: detection-based systems, which alert lifeguards or parents to perform manual rescues, and detection and rescue-based systems, which integrate detection with automatic rescue mechanisms. Automatic drowning detection approaches could be further categorized into computer vision-based approaches, where camera-captured images are analyzed by machine learning algorithms to detect instances of drowning, and sensing-based approaches, where sensing instruments are attached to swimmers to monitor their physical parameters. We explore the advantages and limitations of each approach. Additionally, we highlight technical challenges and unresolved issues related to this domain, such as data imbalance, accuracy, privacy concerns, and integration with rescue systems. We also identify future research opportunities, emphasizing the need for more advanced AI models, uniform datasets, and better integration of detection with autonomous rescue mechanisms. This study aims to provide a critical resource for researchers and practitioners, facilitating the development of more effective systems to enhance water safety and minimize drowning incidents.

This chapter discusses the basic contents, development of the social organization system, public service system, public safety system, social security prevention, control system, disaster prevention, relief system, environmental safety system, emergency management system, social credit system, social-psychological service system. Throughout the study of this chapter, readers will have a basic understanding of the structure and development of the social governance system.

From theories and cases, this paper analyzed current situation of subsidy policy system for agricultural natural disasters in China. Improvement and perfection of subsidy policies for agricultural natural disasters need clear classification and additional special subsidy plan. It is recommended to improve and perfect subsidy policy system for agricultural natural disasters through attaching importance to scientific studies on reduction and prevention of agricultural disasters and gradually supplementing agricultural disaster reduction and prevention system.