Development of Ship Fuel Supply Simulation Training System

Optimal control of fuel supply system boils down to choosing an energy development strategy which provides consumers with the most efficient and reliable fuel and energy supply. As a part of the program on switching the heat supply distributed control system of the Udmurt Republic to renewable energy sources, an “Information-analytical system of regional alternative fuel supply control” was developed. Information-analytical system is designed to dealing with problems of optimal control of regional distributed fuel supply system of the Udmurt Republic. In order to increase effective the performance of regional fuel supply system a modification of information-analytical system and extension of its set of functions using the methods of quick responding when emergency occurs are required. The object of the research is the logistic distributed fuel supply system consisting of three interconnected levels: raw material accumulation points, fuel preparation points and fuel consumption points, which are heat sources. The mathematical model of optimal control of fuel supply logistic system is introduced. Emergencies which occur on any one of these levels demand the control of the whole system to reconfigure. The paper demonstrates models and algorithms of optimal control in case of emergency involving break down of such production links of logistic system as raw material accumulation points and fuel preparation points. The implementation of the developed algorithms is based on the usage of genetic optimization algorithms, which made it possible to obtain a more accurate solution in less time. The developed models and algorithms are integrated into the information-analytical system that enables to provide effective control of alternative fuel supply of the Udmurt Republic in case of emergency.

The polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is an ionic conducting electrolyte polymer membrane. The factors which influence the performance of PEMFC include relative humidity, reaction temperature, gas inlet temperature, gas inlet pressure, and hydrogen and air flow rate. The safety control methodology strongly depends on the fuel cell operation voltage and current. In order to run the fuel cell system under the optimal operation condition, high performance stack should be arranged with the suitable subsystem and appropriate operation procedure. The research topic is to develop the control system on distributed power generation and backup power application, such as oxidant supply system, fuel supply system, heat management system, water management system, and power conditioning system. It comprises a novel PLC (Programmable Logic Control) system and human-machine interface. The controller is developed to control fuel cell system and record the operation data by using data acquisition system. The controller can be applied to high performance stack and system to obtain the best performance

The widespread use of gasoline blended with 10% ethanol (E10) has raised questions regarding engine performance and emissions under conditions where ethanol supply may be disrupted, and pure gasoline (E0) is temporarily used instead. This study experimentally investigates the effects of E0 and E10 fuels on fuel consumption and exhaust emissions in spark-ignition engines equipped with two different fuel supply systems: multi-point fuel injection (MPI) and carburetion (CARB). Chassis dynamometer tests were performed on two passenger vehicles under steady-state part-load conditions at vehicle speeds of 60, 90, and 120 km/h, as well as during full-throttle operation. E0 and E10 were tested separately under identical operating points. Fuel consumption, brake-specific fuel consumption, air–fuel ratio, and exhaust gas components (CO, CO2, HC, O2) were measured and analysed. The results show that the MPI-equipped vehicle exhibited consistently lower fuel consumption when operating on E0 compared to E10, primarily due to the lower volumetric heating value of ethanol. In contrast, the carbureted engine demonstrated a stronger sensitivity to fuel composition, with E10 leading to leaner mixture formation and pronounced changes in fuel consumption and emissions. CO and HC emissions were significantly lower in the MPI engine, mainly due to closed-loop stoichiometric control combined with the presence of a three-way catalytic converter, while E10 substantially reduced these emissions in the carbureted engine. CO and HC emissions were significantly lower in the MPI configuration, mainly due to closed-loop stoichiometric control combined with the presence of a three-way catalytic converter. In the carbureted configuration, E10 substantially reduced CO and HC emissions compared to E0, primarily as a result of leaner mixture formation. Overall, the findings indicate that modern MPI engines are less sensitive to whether the supplied fuel is E10 and E0, whereas carbureted engines may show notable changes in performance and emissions under the same operating conditions.

A survey of study on dimethyl ether engine fuel supply system at home and abroad was described, including pump-pipe-nozzle system and common-rail fuel supply system. The main trouble of practical application of dimethyl ether engine is wear and leakage problems in the fuel delivery system caused by low viscosity of dimethyl ether. For controllable premixed combustion of dimethyl ether engine, a fuel injection system is developed which is consisted of a diaphragm pump and a wear self-compensation nozzle or an independent lubrication nozzle. The system is expected to solve the above problems essentially and becomes a development direction for the future.

The manual creation of Building Energy Performance Simulation (BEPS) models is time-consuming and error-prone, hindering the implementation of energy-efficient building designs. This paper explores how to automate the generation of BEPS models from Building Information Modeling (BIM) data while addressing challenges of data imperfection and tool compatibility. bim2sim is presented as an open-source Python framework with a modular plugin architecture that processes Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) files to generate simulation models for various tools, including Modelica/TEASER and EnergyPlusWe present bim2sim , an open-source Python framework with a modular plugin architecture that processes Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) files to generate simulation models for various tools including Modelica/TEASER and EnergyPlus. The application to a non-residential building case study demonstrates the framework’s capability to produce functional simulation models at different levels of detail with significant time savings, reducing the time for generating simulation results from a BIM model to less than one hour. The framework benefits architects, building services engineers, and simulation engineers by streamlining the simulation workflow while maintaining OpenBIM compatibility. Future research should address remaining limitations in geometry processing and material mapping to further facilitate seamless information exchange between building design and simulation domains. • bim2sim framework converts BIM to simulation-ready building energy models, reducing manual processing and errors. • bim2sim is built as open-source Python framework with modular plugins supporting multiple simulation tools and domains. • Demonstration with two plugins: TEASER (Modelica) for annual energy demands and EnergyPlus for thermal/comfort analysis. • Efficient model conversion (<1hr), robust to imperfect IFC data while maintaining OpenBIM compatibility.

This paper proposes a simulation modeling method for the electrical switching system of hydropower station, which is a sub-topic for Hydropower Station Simulation Training System. The graphics model of commonly used electrical switch equipment is developed with a certain software. As vast and different types of Hydropower station circuit breakers and associated grounding switches, and each specific action of the switch process is not same, so the modular modeling method is described to solve the problem. According to the role and status in power plant, electrical switch system is divided into several sub modules, among which a number of small modules are sorted in. In each sub module, a common model is developed. Besides, the application method that the network topology analysis algorithm used in electrical switching system simulation logic judgment is introduced. With the ‘connecting line fusion’ technique, logic function expression member information table is automatically generated, thereby enhancing the suitability for the electrical switch simulation model. The methods mentioned above assure the real-time, typicality and flexibility in simulation, and have been successfully used in the development of a large hydropower station simulator. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i8.3135

Development of a reservoir simulation model involves collection and analysis of an enormous amount of reservoir and well data for initial input. Computer graphics is the most effective tool for geologists and engineers to visualize, verify, and analyze the input data. After each simulation run, simulation engineers then have to depend heavily on computer graphics to analyze an even more intimidating amount of simulation results data. This is especially true at Saudi Aramco because of the large simulation models used to simulate the world's largest hydrocarbon reservoirs. Saudi Aramco's EXPEC Computer Center supports a wide spectrum of computer graphics applications to aid the exploration and engineering staffs through the entire cycle of reservoir characterization. The graphics applications help during the pre-simulation model data analysis as well as in the post-simulation results analysis. Larger and more accurate simulation models are currently being developed In Saudi Aramco. Computer technology (both software and hardware) needs to advance continually such that computer graphics can be utilized as an effective and efficient engineering tool by reservoir simulation professionals. This paper addresses Saudi Aramco's experience in dealing with very large simulation models and using computer graphics as an engineering tool. The program efficiency, device dependence, and data management problems will be discussed. The computer speed, data storage and access methods, data transmission speed, and graphics devices will also be detailed.

The objective of this paper is to provide reservoir engineers fresh insight and a new approach to the description of heavy oil and water relative permeability functions in reservoir simulation. This paper proposes a plausible mechanism of heavy oil flow in porous media influenced by the effect of water-oil emulsification to address the inability of simulation models to replicate primary oil production rates during cold producing operations. A number of heavy oil reservoirs that naturally flow without stimulation show higher field oil production rates than often can be predicted by numerical simulation. To match the field production, reservoir simulation engineers often exhaust all valid parameter changes in the numerical model and resort to questionable changes on parameter values that usually enjoy high confidence level by physical measurements. To overcome these shortcomings, we first identify in situ water-oil emulsification, a plausible mechanism of heavy oil flow in water-oil systems, and then offer a practical approach to modeling water oil relative permeability for heavy oil-water systems. Beyond water-oil relative permeability curve adjustments, the parameters that are changed by simulation engineers during reasonable history matching may consist of an unrealistic increase in oil saturation and/or a significant decrease in oil viscosity. Both parameters are usually measured in labs and should not be altered significantly. In addition, sometimes during simulation model calibration, the increase in absolute permeability goes so high that it cannot be supported by any logic or physical measurement. The new relative permeability modeling approach for heavy oil and water systems considers the fact that naturally occurring heavy oil contains a large quantity of emulsifying agent and the density contrast between heavy oil and water is so low that heavy oil in porous media may flow by a continuous oil and stable emulsion phase. A part of the total oil flow occurs via oil phase that is similar to light oil and water system and the other part flow via a quasi-stable emulsion/water phase. This practical approach for heavy oil water relative permeability modeling removes the difficulties that a simulation engineer often faces during heavy oil water history matching and calibration. The new modeling approach presented in this paper is successfully applied in modeling cold heavy oil production performance for a heavy oil reservoir in California. One field example is provided in this paper and some results are presented to estimate heavy oil water relative permeability from standard lab data.

This paper presents a set of two FPGA-based Network-on-Chip (NoC) simulation engines that composed the winning design of the 2011 MEMOCODE Design Contest in the absolute performance class. Both simulation engines were developed in Bluespec System Verilog (BSV) and were implemented on a Xilinx ML605 FPGA development board. For smaller networks and simpler router configurations a direct-mapped approach was employed, where the network to be simulated was directly implemented on the FPGA. For larger networks, where a direct-mapped approach is not feasible due to FPGA resource limitations, a virtualized time-multiplexed approach was used. Compared to the provided software reference implementation, our direct-mapped approach achieves three orders of magnitude speedup, while our virtualized time-multiplexed approach achieves one to two orders of magnitude speedup, depending on the network and router configuration.

A simulation engine is the collection of components, features and support functions which are crucial to the implementation of an efficient discrete event simulation model. Furthermore, this model can be embedded in a larger application. A good simulation engine combines efficiency, functionality and completeness to enable a model builder to construct a comprehensive, customized model of either a specific system or a class of systems. This paper presents CSIM18, a simulation engine which supports development of applications with efficient, em bedded simulation models on a variety of system plat forms.

A computer-based filling and emptying diesel engine simulation model has been developed, which can simulate the operational behavior of diesel engine under different performance failures and different running conditions. This paper firstly describes the simulation models and simulated results of a four-stroke, turbo-charged diesel engine. The calculated results in terms of relative deviation are analyzed which reveal the relations between thermodynamic variables, performance failures, running conditions and ship operation conditions. Further, it provides more complete understanding of failures’ behaviors under different running conditions and help to detect the failures amongst complex symptoms. Relative deviation of thermodynamic variables under different running conditions exhibits strong similarity, which induces a new information source for failure detection. Compared to experiments on board ship, this simulative modeling possesses advantages of shorter studying period, less research investment, lower risk in failure simulation and more symptomatic information. Finallyan example is introduced to verify the feasibility of relative deviation analysis in the use of diesel engine failure diagnosis with artificial neural network method.Key wordsdeviation analysisfailure diagnosisdiesel engine simulation

Today, most weapon systems operate as component systems of SoS(System of Systems) and they produce synergy effects in the battle field by interoperating. In addition, the acquisition issues on weapon systems have expanded into SoS context including sustainment analysis. Availability is the sustainment KPP(Key Performance Parameter) of weapon systems. In this paper, a simulation model is proposed to analyze the availability of SoS. The simulation model consists of 5 modules: Mission and Task, System, System RBD, Maintenance system and a simulation engine. Then it was implemented and applied to a SoS. As a result of the application, the simulation model could be applied for analyzing the availability of the SoS and provided information about critical tasks and risky component systems to complete the given mission of the SoS.

This literature review explores the topic of biodiesel production, including its combustion, performance and impact on emissions. The depletion of fossil fuels is a growing concern as the world becomes more reliant on finite resources such as oil, coal and natural gases which have limited resources that will eventually run out. Their extraction also contributes to environmental degradation and climate change. The demand for alternative energy is on the rise, combined with the limited supply of fossil fuels and driving up prices making alternative sources of energy more attractive. To meet this demand there are many oil-bearing crops that can be used as feed stocks for biodiesel production. There are several commonly oil-bearing crops include soybean, rapeseed (canola), palm oil, jatropha, sunflower among which some were considered as potential alternative fuels for diesel engines. The use of vegetable oil in an engine can lead to several problems, including viscosity issues. Vegetable oil has a higher viscosity than diesel or gasoline, which can clog fuel filters and cause poor fuel flow. Engine damage: vegetable oil can also cause damage the engine components such as injectors and seals. To overcome these issues linked with using vegetable oil as fuel in an engine is either chemically alter or blend with diesel to reduce its viscosity and improve performance. It was reported that the biodiesel has distinct combustion characteristics compared to conventional diesel fuel like lower emissions, higher cetane number, higher lubricity, lower flash point. The biodiesel power output is to be equivalent to that of diesel fuel. In addition, the use of alternative fuels has the potential to mitigate the impact of greenhouse gas emissions, increase energy security and reduce dependence on finite fossil fuels. In VCR engine, compression ratio can be changed in real-time, based on operating conditions such as engine load and speed, allowing the engine to be optimized for different operating conditions. The ability to adjust the compression ratio in a VCR engine offers several advantages over conventional engines, including improved fuel efficiency and lower emissions.

Design and Simulation of an Ammonia Fuel Supply and Auxiliary System Based on MWORKS

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;JUST YESTERDAY, simulation tackled the issues of digital technology in a new generation of aircraft, but here we face another quantum leap as we look beyond the Boeing 757/767 model airplanes. The engineering simulator has evolved, over a period of 25 years, from a relatively modest beginning, to a sophisticated design tool essential to the development of new airplanes and weapons systems. The decisions involved in the management of simulation facilities has also evolved from choosing a modest “take-what-you-can-get” product line, to picking from warehouses full of “goodies,” all of which have their associated payoffs.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;As a background, the authors will attempt to outline from personal experience and long-term history with engineering simulation, the steps that were taken to reach the present level of sophistication in engineering simulators at Boeing. Engineering flight simulators have assumed an increasingly crucial role in the development and testing of new product lines in the aviation industry. Significant flight operational cost savings have resulted from the new generation of digital systems, promoting airline fleet modernization. Both part-task and fully instrumented man-in-the-loop aircraft simulators are being used extensively for the development and integration testing of these new systems. Simulation has proven to be a high payoff tool with increasing recognition from a competitive airline industry. In other words, simulation has “come of age.”&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;From a present day technology base, we will attempt to look down the tunnel of the future and consider the demands of simulation for 1990 and beyond. An ever-increasing growth in computing requirements arises from the increasing sophistication of new airplane hardware and airborne software, and from a user community which demands ever-increasing fidelity. More models of software need to be incorporated into simulations; more and better data is being made available, all leading to more detailed simulations than ever before. In addition, the user community keeps expanding, which often leads to developing simulations never before attempted. All of this requires management to re-evaluate computing structure, configuration, and implementation into a mini, micro, multi, and/or concurrent processing world.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The arrival of the engineering workstation poses yet another challenge as many of the exclusive functions of the simulation programmer become accessible to the design engineer. This means developing adequate help systems, friendly user interface, and workstation integration into the real-time network. Artificial intelligence technology holds some promise for human interface issues, but systems available today are not sufficient to meet the needs. Last but not least, the demands of the future involve a global re-education of simulation software personnel toward Ada&lt;span class="xref"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;, structured methodology, and “embedded” designs. Experience in the most prevalent simulation languages does not easily lend itself to this re-education process.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Engineering flight simulation - it spells out a revolution of change, technology forefronts of the future, and exciting challenges to those involved.&lt;/div&gt;