Development of the Competitive Work Environment Scale: A Multidimensional Climate Construct

Objective: This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) in a Colombian community sample. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 487 Colombian people. Participants completed an online survey that included the MAIA and International Fitness Scale (IFIS). Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to verify the scale's internal structure, reliability analyses (Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, Guttman's lambda 6, and Greatest Lower Bound) were performed at both the overall and factor levels, and test-retest reliability. Correlations with perceived physical condition indicators (as evidence of convergent validity) were also examined. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis supported the dimensional structure of the scale, with adequate goodness-of-fit indices (CFI = .991; GFI = .990; NFI = .988; RMSEA = .070). Intercorrelations among the MAIA dimensions provided evidence of construct reliability, with high values above .80 for six of the eight factors, acceptable values around .50 for factor 2, and low values only for factor 3. Test-retest reliability was high (rho = .717, p < .001). Direct correlations were found between perceived physical condition and some dimensions of the MAIA, as evidence of convergent validity. Conclusion: The MAIA demonstrated adequate evidence of internal structural validity, convergent and discriminant validity, and adequate reliability for measuring interoceptive awareness in a healthy Colombian population. The use of the MAIA to assess interoceptive awareness is recommended in future research as a tool for the prevention of mental and physical health conditions. Further studies are recommended to analyze its metric quality in other populations.

Abstract: Emerging adulthood has been defined as a critical life stage. According to Erikson’s psychosocial theory, developing a sense of self and a personal identity is a critical task of adolescence and emerging adulthood. A well-integrated identity is critical for emerging adults because such identity provides a meaningful and consistent self-structure despite the inevitable events encountered in life. The aim of the present study was to translate and validate the Multi-Measure Agentic Personality Scale (MAPS20) and Identity Stage Resolution Index (ISRI) scales into Spanish. Both scales are key measures to assess identity capital, which refers to the assumption of identity commitments and adult roles during emerging adulthood. Back-translation procedures were performed to create Spanish versions of both scales. The scales were administered to a nationally representative sample of 1,200 Spanish emerging adults aged 18–32 years ( M = 25.3, SD = 4.13). Confirmatory factor analyses (CFI) were conducted to assess the factor structure, validity, and reliability of scores generated by these measures. The results suggested adequate model fit [MAPS20 (RMSEA = .066, CFI = .953, and TLI = .945); ISRI (RMSEA = .052, CFI = .999 and TLI = .997)] and evidence for convergent and discriminant validity. We therefore concluded that the Spanish versions of the MAPS20 and ISRI scales are valid and reliable for evaluating intangible agentic resources and identity resolution in emerging adults. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.

Adaptive learning in digital environments involves learners' growth-oriented beliefs and their capacity to reflect on and adjust learning strategies in response to challenge and feedback. However, psychometrically validated instruments specifically designed to assess this adaptive learning orientation among secondary school students remain scarce, particularly in non-Western contexts. This study reports the development and validation of the Technology-Enhanced Adaptive Learning Mindset Scale (TEALMS) using a cross-sectional psychometric design. Participants were 752 Jordanian secondary school students. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to examine the factorial structure. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega, while convergent and discriminant validity were assessed using composite reliability, average variance extracted, and inter-factor correlations. Analyses supported a five-factor model comprising Innovative Integrative Thinking with Learning Technologies, Dynamic Growth Orientation, Cognitive Flexibility, Metacognitive Self-Regulation, and Resilient Adaptation, accounting for 65.22% of the total variance. The first-order model demonstrated acceptable fit (χ²/df = 2.67, CFI = 0.919, RMSEA = 0.067), with strong internal consistency (α = 0.925-0.943; ω = 0.904-0.930) and satisfactory evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. The TEALMS provides a reliable and valid instrument for assessing secondary school students' adaptive learning orientation in technology-enhanced educational contexts. Its contribution lies in offering a context-sensitive measure of growth-oriented and self-regulatory responses to challenge and feedback in digital learning settings.

Although research investigating doping in sport is burgeoning, there is still a lack of proxy measures of doping behavior that have undergone extensive psychometric testing. To address this issue, we modified a previously used measure of doping willingness in sport and tested aspects of validity and reliability across four studies. In Study 1, we provided support for the face and content validity of the items, and then found support for the factor structure of the scale in a sample of athletes (N=205) using confirmatory factor analysis. In Study 2, we collected data from an independent sample of athletes (N=236) to provide further evidence for the factor structure of the scale using confirmatory factor analysis as well as provided evidence for concurrent and discriminant validity. In Study 3, a further independent sample of athletes (N=144) completed the scale and provided support for discriminant and predictive validity of the scale. In Study 4, we collected data from a further independent sample (N=74) to provide support for the test-retest reliability, and stability of items. Lastly, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on the samples across Studies 3 and 4, and the composite sample across all four studies which provided further support for the factor structure of the final 8-item scale. Taken together, these findings provide psychometric support for the scale to be used to measure the willingness of athletes to use banned substances to help facilitate future research investigating doping in sport.

In light of the universality of the Tangping phenomenon and the lack of measurement tools, this study aims to develop Academic Tangping Scale for assessing this phenomenon among for college students in China. A total of 644 valid Chinese university students participated in the research. Exploratory factor analysis supported the extraction of three dimensions, namely affective, cognitive and behavioral dimensions, and confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good model fit, further confirming the scale’s dimensional structure. High Cronbach’s alpha coefficients across the subscales further affirm its robustness as a psychometrically sound measurement instrument. Evidence for convergent and discriminant validity was rigorously substantiated, and significant Pearson correlations with the existing Lying Flat Tendency scale demonstrated criterion-related validity. Finally, the scale’s practical applicability was supported by significant correlations with depression, anxiety, and stress, indicating meaningful associations with students’ mental health outcomes. The scale acknowledges limitations and proposes corresponding suggestions. Overall, the scale demonstrates strong psychometric properties, providing a reliable tool to assess the Academic Tangping and support targeted interventions and research on student mental health.

This article reports the results of several psychometric analyses that were conducted to provide evidence of construct validity for scores on a measure of psychological empowerment, the Psychological Empowerment Scale (PES), for parents of children with a disability. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to evaluate the internal structure of the PES and the reliability of its scores. The results of the confirmatory factor analyses provided evidence of convergent and discriminant validity for the scores from the four subscales underlying the PES: (a) attitudes of control and competence, (b) cognitive appraisals of critical skills and knowledge, (c) formal participation in organizations, and (d) informal participation in social systems and relationships. Reliability coefficients for the subscale scores and total scale score ranged from .90 to .97. In addition, the PES scores were correlated with other empowerment-related measures. The results of these correlational analyses and group discrimination analyses provided additional evidence of convergent and discriminant validity of the PES subscale and total scale scores.

The UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale is a widely used self-report measure of impulsivity, but there is currently no validated German version that includes the Positive Urgency scale. We combined existing German translations of UPPS scales and included the Positive Urgency dimension to validate the UPPS-P in a sample of 399 participants. In addition, we developed a revised short version of the UPPS-P (SUPPS-P) with 20 items and conducted a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to verify the structure in an independent validation sample with 349 participants. To determine evidence of convergent and discriminant validity, we used measures of impulsivity, depression, anxiety, stress, problematic alcohol and substance use. CFA of the five factorial structure of the UPPS-P demonstrated acceptable fits and evidence of validity and reliability for the subscales. Psychometric characteristics of the SUPPS-P using the original item configuration were not satisfactory. As a result, we developed a revised German version of the SUPPS-P and confirmed the five-factor structure using a CFA in the validation sample. For the revised version, model fits and evidence of validity and internal consistencies were good. Associations with other constructs were as expected. For example, whereas Sensation Seeking was associated moderately with problematic alcohol use, lacking associations of Lack of Premeditation to internalizing symptoms showed evidence of discriminant validity. The German translations of both UPPS-P and SUPPS-P are valid tools for measuring impulsive behaviors. They are well-suited for exploring the associations between different facets of impulsivity and psychopathological phenomena.

(a) To investigate the construct validity of the DIDS scores at the item and factor level using item response theory (IRT) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA); (b) to investigate convergent validity of the DIDS scores with related constructs; and (c) to determine the reliability of each DIDS factor. A convenience sample of 210 undergraduate college students with disabilities enrolled in a west coast 4-year public university participated in this study. Measures included the DIDS, the University Belongingness Questionnaire, and the College Self-Efficacy Inventory. Data were analyzed using the Rasch IRT framework, CFA, Omega reliability, and correlational analyses. IRT and CFA results revealed the data fit a 36-item, four-factor DIDS structure. Three items in the factor measuring adoption of disability community values items were easier, and four items in the factor measuring contribution to the disability community were difficult as compared with other DIDS items. Omega reliability analyses showed strong reliability for each DIDS factor. Correlation analyses found convergent and discriminant validity evidence for the DIDS with correlations with the University Belongingness Questionnaire and College Self-Efficacy Inventory in the hypothesized direction and magnitude. Findings provide evidence for Forber-Pratt and colleagues' theoretically and empirically derived DIDS, advancing the research, measurement, and practical application of disability identity development. Results are aligned with Forber-Pratt's psychosocial model of disability identity theoretical framework. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Contemporary work environments are growing increasingly competitive. However, some employees may “fit” with such environments better than others. This study examined how the relationship between employees’ goal orientations (learning, proving, and avoidance) and engagement is influenced by the competitive environment of their workplace. By investigating the interactive effect of goal orientation and competitive work environment, this research expands our understanding of factors leading to engagement. We tested our model using a sample of 345 working adults from a variety of organizations across several different industries. Results indicate that learning goal orientation was positively related to engagement while avoidance goal orientation was negatively related to engagement. Competitive work environment (CWE) interacted with learning orientation and proving orientation to predict engagement. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of our results for human resource management. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Despite existing studies on creativity, examining human resource management practices alongside knowledge management models for constructing creativity remains lacking. This study investigates employee creativity in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia, using data from 508 respondents within a 254-sample frame and employing partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that human resource management practices and technological innovation significantly influence knowledge management and cultivate competitive work environments that foster creativity. The PLS-SEM model confirmed that human resource management practices and technological innovation have a significant direct effect on employee creativity, as well as indirect effects through knowledge management and competitive work environments. Knowledge management and competitive work environment served as double mediators in the mediation mechanism tested in this model. The findings provide practical insights for managers seeking to optimize human resources and technological innovation to enhance knowledge management and create competitive work environments that boost creativity.

ObjectiveTo validate the Workplace COVID-19 Knowledge and Stigma Scale (WoCKSS) using item response theory (IRT), exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).DesignCross-sectional psychometric validation.SettingManufacturing companies registered in Malaysia.ParticipantsA total of 137 factory workers participated in the exploratory phase and 300 in the confirmatory phase. Inclusion criteria were Malaysian nationality and ability to read Malay.MethodsThe knowledge domain was examined using the two-parameter logistic IRT model in two stages: an exploratory IRT analysis in phase 1 to screen items and a confirmatory IRT analysis in phase 2 to evaluate the final item set. The stigma domain was analysed using EFA followed by CFA. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega (ω). The development process and content and face validity results were previously published.Results14 knowledge items were retained after exploratory IRT and formed the final knowledge scale evaluated in confirmatory IRT. For these final items, discrimination parameters ranged from 0.77 to 3.17 and difficulty values from −4.47 to 0.23, with unidimensionality supported (p=0.644). EFA supported a three-factor stigma structure (stereotype, fear, prejudice), and CFA confirmed excellent model fit (χ2=8.91, df=11, p=0.630; root mean square error of approximation=0.00; Comparative Fit Index=1.00; Tucker-Lewis Index=1.00; standardised root mean square residual=0.021). Composite reliability by McDonald’s omega ranged from 0.691 to 0.893.ConclusionWoCKSS is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing workplace COVID-19 knowledge and stigma in industrial sectors in Malaysia.

BackgroundFamily support and patient satisfaction with treatment are crucial for aiding in the recovery from stroke. However, current validated stroke-specific questionnaires may not adequately capture the impact of these two variables on patients undergoing clinical trials of new drugs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a new stroke patient-reported outcome measure (Stroke-PROM) instrument for capturing more comprehensive effects of stroke on patients participating in clinical trials of new drugs.MethodsA conceptual framework and a pool of items for the preliminary Stroke-PROM were generated by consulting the relevant literature and other questionnaires created in China and other countries, and interviewing 20 patients and 4 experts to ensure that all germane parameters were included. During the first item-selection phase, classical test theory and item response theory were applied to an initial scale completed by 133 patients with stroke. During the item-revaluation phase, classical test theory and item response theory were used again, this time with 475 patients with stroke and 104 healthy participants. During the scale assessment phase, confirmatory factor analysis was applied to the final scale of the Stroke-PROM using the same study population as in the second item-selection phase. Reliability, validity, responsiveness and feasibility of the final scale were tested.ResultsThe final scale of Stroke-PROM contained 46 items describing four domains (physiology, psychology, society and treatment). These four domains were subdivided into 10 subdomains. Cronbach’s α coefficients for the four domains ranged from 0.861 to 0.908. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the validity of the final scale, and the model fit index satisfied the criterion. Differences in the Stroke-PROM mean scores were significant between patients with stroke and healthy participants in nine subdomains (P < 0.001), indicating that the scale showed good responsiveness.ConclusionsThe Stroke-PROM is a patient-reported outcome multidimensional questionnaire developed especially for clinical trials of new drugs and is focused on issues of family support and patient satisfaction with treatment. Extensive data analyses supported the validity, reliability and responsiveness of the Stroke-PROM.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12955-015-0246-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Background Gender euphoria is a concept that arose from within the trans and gender diverse (hereafter trans) community to describe positive feelings associated with gender identity, expression, and affirmation. Despite its importance within the trans population, there is currently no consistent, valid or reliable way of measuring gender euphoria. Accordingly, this article describes the development and validation of a tool to measure gender euphoria in trans individuals. Method An initial 121-item pool for the scale was developed based on qualitative research and a review of existing tools measuring related psychological constructs in trans adults. Trans researchers and experts in trans health reviewed and revised the items, enabling development of a preliminary scale which was pilot tested with a trans community advisory group before being further refined and administered to a larger cohort of trans individuals. A subgroup of individuals within the cohort repeated the scale two weeks following the initial completion to assess for test-retest reliability. Results The preliminary scale was undertaken by 664 trans participants aged 16–79 years (median = 32 years, IQR = 25, 43). Exploratory factor analysis produced a final 26-item Gender Euphoria Scale (GES) comprising three subscales: social affirmation, self-affirmation, and community connection. The GES was found to have excellent internal consistency (α = .97), strong test-retest reliability (r = .88), and some evidence of discriminant and convergent validity. Conclusion The GES is a reliable and consistent tool to measure gender euphoria in trans individuals and is likely to be of value in both research and clinical settings.

The study investigated the psychometric properties of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory—Trait Scale (STAI-T: Spielberger, 1983) in a Caribbean university student sample. Participants were 415 undergraduate students (75% female) who completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait Version (STAI-T; Spielberger, 1983), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II; Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996), the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS; Zung, 1965), the Ego Resiliecy-89 (ER-89; Block, 1989), and the Perceived Stress Scale-Ten Item Version (PSS-10; Cohen et al., 1983). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to examine the construct validity of the trait anxiety scale in terms of factor structure, convergent, discriminant, and nomological validities. CFA results revealed that a two-factor solution (trait anxiety absent and trait anxiety present) provided significantly better fit than the one-factor model of trait anxiety. There was clear evidence of convergent validity, discriminant validity, and nomological validity of the scale. Results support the psychometric adequacy of the STAI-T for use with Caribbean university students.

High prevalence of traumatic event exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among justice-involved adolescents has necessitated the use of trauma screening in juvenile justice settings. The present study explored the psychometric properties, factor structure, and construct validity of a trauma screen, the Structured Trauma-Related Experiences and Symptoms Screener (STRESS), in a detained adolescent sample. Prior to the current study, psychometric characteristics of the STRESS were evaluated only in a child welfare sample (Grasso et al., 2015). The sample consisted of 132 adolescents in secure detention facilities in a southeastern state. Participants were included in the study if they engaged in the mental health screening process at intake and a follow-up assessment process with facility staff psychologists. Data consisted of de-identified, archival records. The STRESS total symptom and 4 criterion symptom count scores demonstrated high internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the STRESS had excellent fit with the DSM-5 four-factor PTSD model. Equally strong evidence was found for a higher order PTSD model, thus reinforcing the use of both STRESS PTSD total and criterion symptom count scores with justice-involved adolescents. Additionally, preliminary evidence of convergent and discriminant validity was supported. Findings support the STRESS as a reliable and valid trauma screen for use with detained adolescents. Results suggest that both STRESS total symptom and criterion symptom count scores have clinical utility for intake-level mental health decisions in juvenile detention settings. Implications for expanding use of the STRESS to inform appropriate interventions for justice-involved adolescents are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).