Development of tourism in Germany

Background – The development of the tourism sector based on local wisdom, in supporting the sustainable tourism sector in Selayan Kalimantan, especially historical and religious tourism, namely mosques and tombs, is very much needed. Community-based tourism applications can be carried out in three stages, namely the planning stage, implementation stage and evaluation stage. Aim – The aim of this research is to analyze the concept and implementation of a combination of aspects of sharia-based human capital policy and local wisdom. Design/ Methodology/ Approach – This research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection in this article used in-depth interviews with 2 parties from managers and HRD. Apart from interviews, data was obtained through direct observation during employee selection and documentation. Findings – The research results showed that The development of religious tourism in South Kalimantan as sustainable tourism is very worthy of development, commitment to sustainable development, community involvement in decision making and management of religious tourism facilities and infrastructure that have previously existed, such as tombs, mosques and historical buildings. Efforts to optimize the development of sustainable religious tourism are developing the concept of cultural cities, increasing regional security, improving infrastructure and drainage in several places, providing new religious tourism attractions and more attractive additional attractions. Conclusion - The development of religious tourism in Banjar Regency has problems, namely (1) tourism facilities and infrastructure, (2) local resource development, and (3) marketing development. Research implication- It is hoped that there will be the obstacles that exist in religious tourism objects are related to facilities and infrastructure, weak local resources to support tourist attractions, and weak tourism marketing. To overcome obstacles, the strategies that can be implemented are related to the development of tourism facilities and infrastructure, development of local resources, and development of marketing. Limitations – Banjar Regency has quite large potential for developing religious tourism. There are 27 religious tourist attractions in Banjar Regency, but in reality most of the existing religious tourism has not been managed optimally..

Since the reform and opening-up policy launched in 1978, the number of inbound tourists increased from 1.8 million in 1978 to 139.5 million in 2017, and that of domestic tourists increased from 344 million in 1991 to 5 billion in 2017. This article conducts research on how the geographical pattern of China’s tourism has evolved in the last four decades on the national-scale and regional-scale, for rare studies before could focus on such an extended date and utilize inbound and domestic tourism data simultaneously. Grounded on viable datasets and multiple vibrant data analysis approaches (including the Gini coefficient, primacy index analysis, hot spot analysis and Pearson correlation analysis), this article unpacks triple vital realities. (1) The overall geographical pattern of China’s tourism development can arguably summarize as “high in the eastern and low in the western part, high in the southern and low in the northern part.” Meanwhile, China’s inbound tourism has long shown a pattern of polarized distribution; While, domestic tourism has experienced a shift from the polarized distribution to the equilibrium distribution. (2) According to the features and characteristics, China’s tourism development can be divided into four stages. They are precisely the initial modern tourism stage (1978–1988), the domestic tourism cultivating stage (1989–1996), the rapid development stage (1997–2007) and the new normal stage (2008-present). (3) This article also identified multiple factors underlying the inbound and domestic tourism development in China, including policies, management systems, tourism demand, tourist attractions, economic level, consumption level, industrial development, investment status, traffic conditions, accommodation services, intermediary services and degree of openness.

Currently, the development of domestic tourism in Ukraine has now been officially recognized as a strategic priority. Statistics show that in many foreign countries, revenues from domestic tourism make up to 80% out of the total tourism type. Local tourism enhances domestic consumption and, as a result, it creates demand for local goods and services. Domestic tourism contributes to the development of related industries, even those considered unprofitable. The development of domestic tourism can become a source of financial income for the country’s economic system and stabilize the labour market. Therefore, the state and prospects of the development of the domestic tourism, the weekend tour, in particular, as a direction that will contribute to the development of rural areas in different regions of Ukraine, require detailed research. Khmelnytskyi region has prerequisites for the development of a weekend tour, namely: beautiful landscapes, unique flora and fauna, the presence of rivers, lakes and forests, protected areas, rich architectural heritage, low price for tourist services. In addition, there is a large number of tour operators in the region, developed infrastructure and repaired roads even in remote villages. The purpose of our article is to analyze the development of weekend tours as the prospective trend of domestic tourism development in the Khmelnytskyi region. The regional features of the development of weekend tours in Ukraine, in the Khmelnytskyi region, in particular, are revealed. An analysis of the level of implementation of weekend tours in the region is carried out. Recommendations for improving the organization of weekend tours in the Khmelnytskyi region have been developed. The authors of the article are convinced that the study and adopting the best practices of European countries in the context of a weekend tour will contribute to an increase in income from domestic tourism.

The study focuses on the main trends in the tourism industry of the Novosibirsk region. It is shown that the regional industry is developing in line with the national trends and falls with the general development trends of domestic and inbound tourism set forth in the documents of strategic development at the federal and sub-federal levels. The article discusses the aspects of the tourism industry, which determine the specifics of its functioning related to the geographical concentration, heterogeneity, and multiplicity of participants as well as the complex nature of the tourist product. It is concluded that the application of cluster approach to tourism development seems rather appropriate. The work determines priority types of tourism and clusters to be formed and developed in the Novosibirsk region. Besides, the article describes the factors, opportunities and restrictions for tourism development in Novosibirsk region in terms of demand. It has been shown that the expectations regarding the development of domestic tourism against the background of global failure of international passenger traffic are only partially justified since hardly can Russian domestic tourism be an equivalent substitution for the outbound tourism. Under these circumstances, the cluster tourism policy should mainly focus on the following priority directions: domestic and mainly short-term tourism; increase in the activity of tour operators in the formation of regional tourist products; development of tourism and infrastructure facilities.

Rapid growth has occurred in tourism in China since 1978. Although 1989 resulted in a large reduction in the number of external visitors to China, resumed growth since then has established new records for levels of tourism. In addition, a new attitude to the development of domestic tourism emerged in 1992. China has decided to increase the relative size of its tertiary sector by the year 2000 and is to encourage the development of domestic tourism. Tourism is now being treated as a leading industry and particular care will be needed to avoid economic mistakes. On the whole, the development of tourism has not counteracted uneven regional development in China but has reinforced it. A study of tourism development in Xishuangbanna Prefecture suggests that even at this local level, tourism development tends to be relatively centralised. China's changing tourism industry is providing new market opportunities for foreign firms.

In the context of budget insufficiency and the current economic crisis, it is necessary to determine alternative sources for the development of Russian regions. Domestic tourism can be considered as such, since it has a multiplier effect of the complex modernisation of territories. The study aims to assess the tourist attractiveness of Russian regions and analyse limitations and development prospects of domestic tourism in modern conditions. The methods of questionnaire survey of the heads of Russian municipalities, expert interviews, economic and statistical analysis of regional development indicators were applied. The study used a multistage stratified area random sample. The sampling units were Russian regions at the first stage and municipalities at the second stage (N=306). The analysis of statistical data revealed an increase in the number of accommodated persons, indirectly indicating the growing attractiveness of domestic tourism. However, more than half (50.7 %) of the accommodated persons visited Krasnodar Krai, the Republic of Crimea, Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Moscow oblast and Leningrad oblast. Experts noted the following limitations to the development of domestic tourism: insufficient accommodation facilities, poor quality of rooms, unsatisfactory condition of heritage sites, insufficient financial resources, including private investment. They also stated that in the shortage of financial and infrastructural resources, regional social resources should be utilised to develop domestic tourism, namely: commercialised hospitality; promotion of tourism products by the local population through social media; micro-entrepreneurship in the private rental market. Regional and local authorities can use the obtained findings to increase the competitiveness of tourism products and services. Further research may focus on examining the effectiveness of regional programmes for the development of domestic tourism and expanding the range of tourist offers involving local initiatives.

The aim of the study. To investigate the current state and prospects of the festival tourism development in the Khmelnytskyi region. The development of tourism, particularly festival tourism, is important for the economy of the country and territorial communities, as it ensures the growth of tourist flows and the development of infrastructure. Method. The research uses general scientific research methods, namely, general logical methods: comparison, analysis, synthesis, generalization and analogy. The methods of analysis, synthesis and generalization were used in the study of the cause-and-effect relationship growth of the tourist activity in the region due to the use and preservation of tourist objects, cultural and historical local communities' traditions. Using the method of analogy, the probable positive results of the development of festival tourism in the Khmelnytskyi region were evaluated. Results. Examples of the development of festival tourism in Khmelnytskyi region are demonstrated. The prospects for the development of festival tourism in the Khmelnytskyi region have been determined. The scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the fact that the potential of using festivals in the field of tourism of the Khmelnytskyi region has been determined. The directions for the development of festival tourism in Khmelnytskyi region are described in order to activate domestic tourism and improve the image of the region at the international level. Practical significance. The article provides examples of the festival tourism development in Khmelnytskyi region. The strengths and weaknesses of festival tourism in the region are analyzed. The development of this type of tourism has many positive aspects: popularization of the native region, development of local infrastructure, receipt of funds to the budget, creation of new jobs, attraction of new tourists to other tourist locations. The article argues that the festival tourism development potential of Khmelnytskyi region is very rich and needs development. The obtained scientific results are used in the educational process of future specialists in the direction of training «Tourism», with the educational qualification «Tourism expert, organizer of excursion and animation activities» when teaching the disciplines «Organization of tourist trips», «Professional competences in tourism business», «Organization of tourist activities». The obtained scientific results are used in the educational process of future specialists in the direction of training «Tourism», with the educational qualification «Tourism expert, organizer of excursion and animation activities» when teaching the disciplines «Organization of tourist trips», «Professional competences in tourism business», «Organization of tourist activities». The obtained data can be used for conducting student practices.

The article identifies and argues the need for the development of international tourism as one of the elements of the mechanism for overcoming the raw material orientation of exports of the KHMAO-Yugra through the analysis and synthesis of the above and generalized factual and statistical materials of the authors of scientific papers of similar and related areas, which necessitate the diversification of exports of the oil and gas producing region by developing the tourism services industry on the world market. Based on the analysis of the material presented in this article, the current characteristics of the situation in Yugra are given, recommendations are given on the directions of development of international tourism in the district. The main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in the scientific and practical activities of the regional authorities when considering issues of export diversification through the development of international tourism. Purpose is to substantiation of the need for the development of international tourism as one of the tools to overcome the raw materials orientation of the export of KhMAO-Yugra and the development of its neo-industrial specialization Methodology. The opinion and conclusions of the authors are formed through the analysis and synthesis of the above and generalized factual and statistical materials, the authors of scientific works of related areas that necessitate the diversification of exports of the oil and gas producing region through the development of the tourism services industry (inbound tourism). Results. During the analysis of inbound tourism as one of the areas of export diversification, some problems were found. The analysis, assessment of the tourist region of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug and substantiation of the main factors and problems that limit the volume of internal and external tourist flows allows us to formulate ways to solve their implementation for the expanded Autonomous Okrug in the field of ethno-tourism. All this gives rise to the prerequisites for the development of business, cultural, educational, ethnographic, ecological, sports, water, active, health-improving, developed and auto tourism. Practical implications. The results of this study can be applied in the scientific and practical activities of regional authorities in addressing issues of export diversification, including through the development of international tourism, will contribute to the development of this area, as well as consideration of other promising ways to diversify exports of goods and services.

It traces the development of the latest trends for the Study of the development of sustainable tourism inUkraine, as well as the conditions and means of effective inclusion ofUkrainein the international tourism market on the basis of the concept of sustainable tourism. Analysis of research areas and approaches to the study of sustainable tourism development inUkraine. The basic perspective of Ukrainian scientific community for the development and importance of tourism inUkraine. InUkraine, the issue of sustainable development is discussed since1992. Asignificant scientific achievements that laid the basis for the new benchmark of the country on the basis of a post-industrial economy. The issue of the nature and principles of the main factors of melting of the tourism industry dedicated to the research of V. G Gerasimenko, O. Dobrovolsky, G. A Zayachkovskoyi, G. V. Kazachkovska, A. Litvinova, N. D. Sviridova, D. I. Ostap'yuk, T. I. Tkachenko et al. Scientific basis of the national strategy forUkraine's transition to sustainable development principles are based on the peculiar state of geopolitical, geographical, demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental features. For the development of tourism industry ofUkraineon the basis of sustainable tourism as there is a need to develop new and innovative approaches.One of the main research areas among Ukrainian scientists was to develop the concept of sustainable tourism development. Under the concept of sustainable tourism development means a system of ideas that defines a common plan of development policy area. A. V. Litvinova main elements of the concept of sustainable tourism development in Ukraine considers the methods and tools of government regulation that need to be harmonized with indicators of sustainable tourism. Platform for developing a sustainable production is a tourism product , sustainable lifestyle of local communities and sustainable consumption. And according N. D. Sviridova , this concept must take into account all the strategic priorities and objectives of tourism development are important areas and facilities set goals. The concept should be fully reflective of the position of the region on the strategy of tourism development in the long term and include specific measures for its implementation. GV Kazachkovska in turn believes that the sustainable development of tourism and resort areas is possible when there is a balance between the preservation of natural, historical and cultural resources, economic interests, social needs and development of tourism, and provided favorable conditions for the formation of high-quality national tourist product. Among the fundamental work on the development of sustainable tourism inUkraineshould provide monograph T.I. Tkachenko. The book on a wide source base covers theoretical, methodological and applied problems of tourism development on the basis of dialectical, system and functional approaches. The necessity of consideration of tourism as a complex system in the unity of the social, economic and environmental components, the genesis of which is further based on the concept of sustainability. Committed to sustainable development of the country and its regions imposes a set of requirements to the existing quality of the environment and address the problem of interaction between nature and society. The concept of sustainable development, including the region determines the relevance of such a system that would ensure a balanced model of relations between environment, different types of economic activities and socio- economic interests of different groups. Therefore, a number of studies approaches to strategy development recreational region considering the environmental component . This study G.M. Aleinikova, N .M. Wetrovoj, O. Hulych et al. Of great importance for the development of sustainable tourism has an active policy. This includes support and development of tourism industry, the development of tourism infrastructure , creating conditions for increasing the attractiveness of regions for foreign and domestic tourists , improving the quality of tourism services , ensuring their complexity. Investigation of the role of government in regulating the tourism industry is the subject of research by many local scientists. Key aspects of the formation and functioning of state regulation of the tourism industry, the development and improvement of its study areas reflected in the scientific works of local scientists such as A. V. Vinogradov, L. Donchenko, K.V. Zhadko, S. G. Zakharov, A. H. Ilyashenko, Y. Kozlovsky, O. Melnichenko, N. I. Ostap'yuk and others. Thus we can note that recently in Ukrainian society considered all possible implementation strategies for sustainable tourism development. In particular, reveals strategic goals of sustainable development businesses in the tourism sector. The economic and social feasibility of ecotourism technologies for sustainable development of the tourism industry, geographic grounded approach to recreation and tourism of nature, the conceptual foundations of a market mechanism for managing recreational potential. Almost all scientists agree that the sustainable development of tourism inUkrainemust improve the use of resources, training of personnel in the tourism industry, transport infrastructure, reduce seasonality and spatial disparity in the distribution of tourists increase the financial performance of the tourism industry, to give a significant attention to the relationship between environmental management and sustainable tourism, etc.

Kazakhstan, special attention is paid to the formation of the country’s tourist image and the promotion of the national tourist product in the world market of tourist services. For this purpose, Kazakhstan’s annual participation in major international exhibitions and fairs is ensured. Event tourism is a progressively developing type of tourism. Festivals play an important role in event tourism, as they are its core and can attract a huge influx of tourists and influence the sustainable development of tourism in the country. Kazakhstan has hidden potential for organizing various festivals that can help increase the number of travelers. Event tourism is developed by hosting various large-scale events, the main purpose of which is the development of domestic tourism and contribution to the country’s economy. Event tourism is one of the catalysts for the development of tourism infrastructure, contributing to the formation of a positive image of the region as a tourism industry. All effects, both positive and negative, from hosting events should be assessed to achieve strategic objectives for the development of tourism in the region.

Strategic Compilation of Rural Tourism Development Using SWOT- ANP Integrated Model (Case Study: Savar Village in Bonab County)

The purpose of the study there is a justification for the importance of innovation in the tourism industry, which is developing in an unstable external environment and a number of sanctions restrictions, identification of promising innovative projects in the field of tourism. The methodological base of the study they present normative legal acts on the development of tourism, concepts for the development of tourism in the regions and the country, roadmaps for the development of popular tourism in Russia, statistical data of Russian ratings in the field of tourism, scientific publications, analytical and industry reports. The use of these materials makes it possible to analyze the country’s tourism potential and identify the most promising areas for improvement. The results of the study. The main result of the study is the substantiation of the relevance of the development of the tourism industry as one of the factors of the development of the domestic policy of the state, as well as the identification of relevant innovative projects, approaches and directions in the field of tourism aimed at attracting new categories of citizens to domestic tourist products. The main place in the development of tourism at the moment is occupied by youth projects, popular science tourism, as a combination of tourism and business, and associations of tourist and sports clubs. The prospect of the study makes an in-depth analysis of existing innovative projects that have a significant impact on the pace of development of domestic tourism in the Russian Federation, as well as the identification of new promising areas.

Domestic tourism is supposed to compose the largest and most unaddressed proportion of the tourism ‘iceberg’, but has been overshadowed by the interest in international tourism on behalf of academics and policy makers. Unlike international tourism which depends greatly on global systems and mega-infrastructure, domestic tourism deems to have evolved and sustained itself in the absence of heavy investments and commercialization. It has also been suggested as an appropriate substitute to international tourism under the influence of external factors such as disasters and crises. In tourism studies, not many researchers have engaged themselves in the topic of domestic tourism in the Middle-east region especially in Saudi Arabia. The focus on domestic tourism is important in Saudi Arabia as the country is one of the biggest exporters of tourists going out of the kingdom, and the government is trying to retain a larger portion of tourism spending of its local tourists in the national tourism industry. In view of this, this paper attempts to discuss the potentials and challenges of developing domestic tourism in the Asir region, which is situated in the southwestern part of Saudi Arabia. The analysis is based on secondary data and supported by interviews with twelve tourism operators and hoteliers in the region. The findings revealed that Asir region is a unique tourist destination and has considerable unrealized potential, however, the growth of domestic tourism requires diversification in terms of product, market and geographical areas. As tourism development is a comprehensive undertaking involving many sectors and stakeholders, it is crucial for the government to come up with multi-hierarchical, all-inclusive and coordinated development strategy, and these are the challenges to which the country’s tourism industry should respond to promote domestic tourism.

Domestic tourism is viewed as the main driving force of the tourism industry in major economies globally. It has received worldwide recognition as a dynamic part of the industry with enormous potential for growth and is considered a useful tool for socio-economic development. However, in Namibia, as is the case with many developing countries, the sector is academically less explored and economically misrepresented. On that background, the main aim of this study was to understand the key factors influencing the development of domestic tourism in developing economies. The Erongo region of Namibia served as a case study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect usable data from 400 respondents. From this study, it was found that major obstacles to the development of domestic tourism in the study area include affordability and awareness issues, limited infrastructure, and poor government policies. While collaboration amongst stakeholders, robust government policies, and coordinated marketing efforts were identified as key determinants of domestic tourism development, they were also identified as key enabling factors. Consequently, the study recommends differential pricing, augmenting the marketing and promotion of tourism products to domestic tourists, and promoting collaboration among stakeholders.

Chernivtsi region faces numerous challenges in the tourism industry, including imperfect infrastructure, insufficient awareness of the region among foreign tourists, and fluctuations in economic and political conditions that affect tourist flows. The problem remains the unstable volume of foreign tourist flows, which directly affects the financial stability of local hotels, restaurants, and services. The study is designed to reveal the factors that shape these fluctuations and determine which aspects of development can support an increase in the number of foreign visitors in the region. The publication reveals the features of the development of foreign tourism in Chernivtsi region during 2000-2023. The main factors that had the greatest impact on the development of this type of tourism activity were identified. It was found that the largest decline in the number of foreign tourists was due to Russian aggression and the COVID-19 pandemic. The socio-economic and political instability in Ukraine also had a significant impact on the formation of foreign tourist flows. Analysis of the data obtained allows us to distinguish 2 periods of the impact of foreign tourism on the development of tourist services in the Chernivtsi region. The first period covers the period from 2000 to 2013. During this period of time, the ratio of foreign tourism to domestic was mostly higher than average values or close to average indicators. The smallest impact of foreign tourism during this period was observed in 2011, when the share of foreign tourists in relation to the number of domestic tourists was only 8.5%, which is 1.5% less than average values. In 2003, it was 9.5%, thus approaching average values. However, in 2006 and 2007, the greatest impact of foreign citizens on the development of tourism was observed. In these years, their number approached 20% (19.3% in 2006 and 19.7% in 2007) of the number of domestic tourists visiting the region. In other years, the share of foreign tourists relative to domestic ones was higher than the average values and fluctuated within 10-15%. The second period covers 2014-2020. During this time, there is a slight impact of foreign tourism on the development of tourism in Chernivtsi region. The main reason for these processes is the beginning of Russian aggression and, as a result, the deterioration of Ukraine's security image in the international tourism market. In 2014, the share of foreign tourists relative to domestic ones was only 4.0%, and in 2018 it decreased to 2.7%. However, already in In 2019, it reached 10.5%, thus exceeding the average indicators. Foreign tourism in Chernivtsi region at the given stage of development of the tourist complex of Chernivtsi region does not meet the potential opportunities. Only every 10th tourist in the region who used the services of tour operators and travel agents is a foreigner. The greatest impact on the insufficient development of foreign tourism in the region is the Russian aggression, which has been going on for almost 12 years. Its consequence was the formation of a negative security image of Ukraine in the international tourist market and, as a result, a reduction in inbound tourist flows. However, the presence of a powerful recreational and tourist potential, as well as the interest in the development of foreign tourism of authorities and entrepreneurs working in the tourism business, create favorable conditions for the restoration of this type of tourism activity in the post-war period.