Diagnostic intervention program based on construction workers' internal factors for persistent reduction of unsafe behavior

The construction industry has been plagued with safety challenges, resulting in a wide occurrence of devastating accidents and fatalities. As previous studies have attributed the persistent safety challenges in Nigeria to non-compliance to safety regulations, this study builds on the existing literature by assessing the antecedents of non-compliance to safety regulations amongst construction workers. To achieve this, the study pursued two main objectives which involved the assessment of workers’ safety attitude and workers’ safety behavior as the antecedents of safety regulation compliance. A quantitative research approach was adopted using a questionnaire to elicit responses from randomly selected respondents. Data collected were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings from the study showed relatively low levels of safety attitude and behavior amongst construction workers, which limit their ability to be comply to instituted safety regulations. Thus, improving the attitude and behavior of construction workers toward better compliance was recommended.

Purpose Construction accidents pose a persistent challenge, with workers’ safety behaviors critical to prevention. Although project managers are key decision-makers in fostering safety, the mechanisms through which they influence workers’ safety behaviors via site supervisors remain underexplored. To address this gap, this study introduces the concept of Project Manager-driven (PMd) safety climate, defined as shared safety perceptions shaped by project managers’ policies and attitudes. By examining its impact on supervisors’ safety motivation and intervention practices, and subsequently on workers’ safety behaviors, this research establishes a novel multilevel framework for safety management. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional survey was conducted at 53 construction sites, collecting data from 256 site supervisors and 1,026 construction workers. Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the data from both the supervisors and the workers. Findings The findings reveal that the PMd safety climate is significantly associated with supervisors’ safety motivation and the implementation of safety interventions. Moreover, safety interventions are positively associated with construction workers’ safety motivation and safety behaviors. Safety motivation serves as a mediating factor between the PMd safety climate and the safety interventions implemented by supervisors, as well as between the safety interventions and the safety behaviors demonstrated by workers. The emphasis placed by project managers on safety plays a pivotal role in fostering the safety behaviors of construction workers. Furthermore, the implementation of safety intervention measures by site supervisors serves as a crucial conduit for effectively conveying safety concepts to frontline workers. Originality/value The concept of the PMd safety climate is introduced for the first time, providing a novel perspective for assessing the importance project managers place on safety. Additionally, a multi-level model of influence on workers’ safety behavior was established for construction sites, outlining a hierarchy from project managers to site supervisors and then to construction workers, thus providing a reference framework for on-site safety management practices.

There is an increased risk of workplace accidents for younger employees. Academic laboratories have demonstrated a higher prevalence of accidents. Occupational health and safety (OHS) education plays a central role in reducing the risk of accidents and aims to habituate safety behavior in educational settings. The current research aims to investigate the factors affecting students’ safety behaviors using a knowledge-attitude-behavior model within stimulus-organism-response frameworks. A quantitative and non-experimental study involved sending an electronic questionnaire to 959 Indonesian vocational high school students who had undergone half of their learning process in a workshop that put them at risk of accidents. A structural equation model was conducted on the data which showed that all variables in the model were valid and reliable. Teachers’ OHS leadership encourages students’ safety knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. Positive and noteworthy benefits to students' safety knowledge, attitude and behaviour are demonstrated by peer safety behaviours as indicated by similar results. Among the predictors, OHS knowledge had the greatest influence on students’ safety behavior. The current research findings provide evidence that supports the fact that student safety behavior follows the knowledge attitude behaviour model within the stimulus organism response framework.

This study investigates the key factors influencing construction workers' safety behaviour, focusing on safety knowledge, safety awareness, safety intervention, and safety rules and procedures. A mixed-methods approach was employed, starting with a conceptual model developed through a literature review and validated via the Delphi method with safety experts. A quantitative survey was then conducted with construction workers, and data were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the hypothesised relationships. The findings show that safety knowledge and safety awareness have significant direct effects on safety behaviour. Safety rules and procedures impact safety behaviour both directly and indirectly by enhancing safety knowledge, while safety intervention plays a crucial role in shaping safe work practices. Additionally, importance–performance map analysis (IPMA) identified key areas that require immediate managerial focus for improving safety performance. This research contributes to the safety behaviour literature by providing an empirically validated model specific to the construction sector. Practically, it offers actionable insights for project managers and safety practitioners to develop targeted safety strategies that reduce occupational accidents in construction projects.

This study examined the direct effects of the three constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control on construction workers’ safety behavior. Safety behavior was conceptualized based on Neal and Griffin’s framework and was measured in two dimensions: safety compliance and safety participation. A five-point Likert-scale survey was administered to 345 construction workers across various job types. After assessing reliability and validity, the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling, and the overall model fit was found to be acceptable. Attitude had significant positive effects on both safety compliance and safety participation. Perceived behavioral control showed the strongest positive effects on both outcomes, underscoring the importance of workers’ self-efficacy and perceived controllability in performing safety-related actions. In contrast, subjective norm did not significantly affect safety compliance but had a negative effect on safety participation, suggesting that excessive normative pressure may undermine voluntary participation. Therefore, on-site interventions should prioritize fostering positive attitudes and improving ease of execution rather than intensifying normative pressure. Effective strategies include education and training, simplifying procedures, providing resources, and establishing feedback and recognition systems. Furthermore, context sensitive programs that reflect site-specific conditions such as process variability and multi-tier subcontracting arrangements may strengthen compliance and encourage voluntary participation, ultimately contributing to the sustainable establishment of a safety culture.

The safety citizenship behavior (SCB) of construction workers can improve project safety performance. This study explored how construction company owners' safety management behavior contributes to the development and encouragement of SCB. It combined the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) and Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) theories to propose relevant hypotheses and develop a theoretical model to examine the effect of owners' safety management behavior on construction workers' SCB. Data from 534 construction workers were collected through questionnaires. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and the Structural Equation Model (SEM) were used for empirical analysis. It was found that the owner's safety management behavior positively affected the construction workers' SCB. In particular, work engagement played an intermediary role, while power distance exhibited a moderating effect. A few noteworthy findings are that proactive safety behavior is significantly positively influenced by organization and coordination, prosocial safety behavior is significantly positively influenced by safety funding investment, and high power distance is not always bad for construction workers' safety citizenship behavior. By determining the connection between owners' safety management behavior and construction workers' SCB, this study offered a fresh perspective on promoting construction workers' proactive behavior and put forward suggestions for owners to improve project safety management.

Indonesia is a country with a record of accidents is quite high, where 38% of them are fallen from a height that is a work accident in the field of construction. The cause of high numbers is the implementation and supervision of OHS, as well as behavior of industrial society in particular and society in general that has not been optimal. Safety behavior is a safe working behavior of potential hazards. The factors that make up safety behavior are work experience, belief, knowledge, and attitude. The purpose of this research is to know the correlation between knowledge and attitudes toward safety behavior is carried out on the worker of lecturer residential development project of University X Ponorogo from June to August 2017. This research is a descriptive research with quantitative approach. Based on the time this research is a cross sectional study. The sample of this study amounted to 50 people with the technique of determining the total sampling. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between work experience with knowledge in construction worker of University X. As well as the belief in the fate of the worker with the knowledge. There is a significant relationship between work experience and worker attitude. As well as a significant relationship between the belief in the fate of the workers and the safety attitude to the construction worker of University X. However, there is no significant correlation between knowledge and safety attitude with safety behavior in construction worker of University X, because there is no enabling factor in the form of worker support facility to carry out safety behavior in their workplace.

Railways are a esential mode of transportation that face high safety risks, particularly in daily operational and maintenance activities. The high incidence of workplace accidents in this sector is often attributed to low levels of safety behavior among workers. This study aims to analyze the influence of safety leadership and safety knowledge on safety attitude and safety citizenship behavior (SCB) within the work environment of PT KAI (Persero). It also explores the role of work engagement and risk perception as antecedents of safety leadership and safety knowledge. A total of 60 permanent employees participated in the study, and data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS software. The results show that work engagement has a significant influence on safety leadership, while risk perception significantly affects safety knowledge. Both safety leadership and safety knowledge significantly enhance safety attitude. Furthermore, safety knowledge and safety attitude have a significant impact on SCB. However, the direct effect of safety leadership on SCB is not significant and is fully mediated by safety attitude. Theoretically, these findings emphasize the critical role of safety attitude as a mediator in promoting voluntary safety behavior. Practically, management should enhance employee engagement by establishing active safety representatives in each work unit to foster a participatory and sustainable safety culture.

The prediction of workers’ safety behaviour can help identify at-risk individuals who intend to undertake unsafe behaviours and be useful in the design of management practices to minimise accident occurrence. The latest literature has evidenced that there is within-population diversity that leads people’s intended safety behaviours, which are found to vary among individuals as a function of their inner drives—personality traits. Previous studies on the investigation of construction workers’ personality-safety behaviour predictive relationship are found to rely on the linear regression method. However, there is still a lack of evidence ascertaining that non-linearity does not exit in the relationship. The utilisation of linear method to simulate non-linearity patterns could diminish the predictive accuracy of a mathematical model. This chapter presents the identification of non-linearity in construction workers’ personality-safety behaviour predictive relationship using neural network and linear regression modelling. The data-driven nature of neural network enables the identification of non-linear relationship between variables of interest. The findings suggest that non-linearity exists in construction workers’ personality-safety behaviour relationship given that the relationship can be described significantly better with nonlinear modelling (neural network) than linear regression. In addition, the neural network developed is shown to have highly satisfactory accuracy and is thereby potentially useful for assisting project decision-makers to assess how prone workers are to carry out unsafe behaviours.

Unsafe behaviors among construction workers are a leading cause of safety accidents in the construction industry, and studying the mechanism of unsafe behavior propagation among construction workers is essential for reducing the occurrence of safety accidents. Safety attitude plays a pivotal role in predicting workers’ behavioral intentions. We propose a propagation model of unsafe behaviors based on a two-layer complex network, in which the upper layer depicts the change in construction workers’ safety attitudes, and the lower layer represents the propagation of unsafe behaviors. In this model, we consider the impact of individual heterogeneity and herd mentality on the transmission rate, establishing a partial mapping relationship based on behavioral feedback. After that, by building a probability transition tree, we establish the risk state transition equation in detail using the microscopic Markov chain approach (MMCA) and analyze the established equations to deduce the propagation threshold of unsafe behaviors analytically. The results show that enhancing the influence of individual heterogeneity and behavioral feedback increases the threshold for the spread of unsafe behaviors, thereby reducing its scale, while herd mentality amplifies the spread. Furthermore, the coexistence of safety education and behavioral feedback may lead to one of the mechanisms fails. This research enhances understanding of the propagation mechanism of unsafe behaviors and provides a foundation for managers to implement effective measures to suppress the propagation of unsafe behaviors among construction workers.

Introduction: Workplace accidents have been a persistent problem in Malaysia’s manufacturing industry, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Employee behavior has been identified as a significant contributing factor to these accidents, and research has suggested that improving safety knowledge and attitudes can enhance safety behavior. Despite this, there have been no empirical intervention studies in Malaysia to investigate the effectiveness of safety intervention programs aimed at improving SME worker safety behavior. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the efficacy of the Occupational Hazard Self-Evaluation Module (OHSEM) intervention in enhancing safety knowledge, attitudes, and behavior (KAB) among SME workers in the manufacturing sector. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with control group was utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of the OHSEM intervention. The intervention was implemented over a 12-week period on production workers in the experimental group, while the control group received no intervention. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 88 production workers in both groups before and after the intervention to measure the improvement of safety KAB. Descriptive analysis and an independent t-test were used to analyse the data. Results: The post-test results showed that safety KAB for the control group was moderate (mean = 2.11), while the mean score in the experimental group was high (m=4.17). Furthermore, the t-test result revealed a significant difference in safety KAB mean scores between the experimental and control groups. Conclusion: This study provides empirical evidence on the effectiveness of the OHSEM intervention in enhancing safety KAB in SMEs in the Malaysian SME (manufacturing) sector.

Significance: Immigrant day laborers suffer from disproportionate occupational health risks from hazardous reconstruction jobs after natural disasters.Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial of a short-video educational intervention to improve safety knowledge and intent to engage in safety preventive behaviors among 98 Hispanic day laborers (49 randomized to video and 49 control). The short video featured a male promotor and a female promotora who narrated 3 stories of day laborers who were injured while doing construction work in post-Katrina New Orleans. The main outcome measures were changes in scores for day laborer-reported safety knowledge and safety behaviors derived from interviewer-delivered baseline and post-intervention surveys.Results: Video participants reported improvement in overall average safety knowledge score (mean score of 11.3 out of a max score of 12 or 94% when standardized to 0–100% scale), as compared to the control group (mean score of 8.6 or 72%) who were not offered the video (p < 0.00001). The intervention was highly successful in workers stating that they learned and were willing to change their safety preventive behaviors to reduce their occupational risk. The average safety behavior score was higher among those watching the video (17.2 out of a max of 22 or 78.1% when standardized on a scale 0–100%) as compared to control (14.5 or 65.9%) (p = 0.0024).Conclusion: A short video intervention can improve knowledge and intent to engage in preventive behaviors among Hispanic workers for which there is a dearth of construction safety preventive research.

Impact assessment of reinforced learning methods on construction workers' fall risk behavior using virtual reality

Unsafe behavior of workers can cause a high risk of workplace accidents, especially in construction projects in DKI Jakarta. Safe work behavior can be influenced by organizational factors and psychological factors. This research aims to identify the relationship between organizational factors and psychological factors for improving safe work behavior. The method used in this research is bayesian network (BN) model. The BN method is very useful in predicting the effectiveness of various strategies. The results of this research indicate that the psychological factors have a more significant direct effect than organizational factors. Based on the simple strategies, the most effective factors for improving safe work behavior are safety attitudes, management commitment, and subjective norms. Furthermore, it was found that the joint strategies between management commitment, leadership, intention, and perceived behavioral control were able to have the greatest influence for improving the safe work behavior.

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; This study aims to analyze the influence of attitudes, subjective norms, internal and external factors on entrepreneurial intentions. The research object of the Faculty of Economics, University of Semarang with the analysis unit of students of the Faculty of Economics, University of Semarang who is still an active status. The type of data needed in this study is primary data that comes from the answers of the respondents to the questionnaires that were distributed. The results showed that attitudes, subjective norms, internal factors and external factors had a positive and significant effect on intrapreneurial Intentions. The results of this study are only able to explain intrapreneurial Intentions only 35.8% and the remaining 64.2% are explained by other variables.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;