Digital divide and information needs for improving family support among the poor and underserved.

Additional strategies to evaluate the impact of community nutrition education programs on low-income individuals are needed. The objective of this qualitative study was to examine the use of the Memorable Messages Framework as an intermediary nutrition education program evaluation tool to determine what fruit and vegetable messages were reported as memorable and the characteristics of those memorable messages. A convenience sample of low-income, primarily African American adults (N = 58) who previously completed a series of community nutrition education lessons within an urban area of Indiana participated in a focus group (N = 8 focus groups). A lead moderator using a semistructured script conducted the focus groups to determine what information about fruits and vegetables was most memorable from the participants' nutrition lessons and why this information was memorable. All focus group audiotapes were transcribed verbatim and ATLAS.ti software was used to code and identify themes within the data. Participants cited quantity, variety, and the positive nutritional impact of eating fruits and vegetables as most memorable. Information given in the form of recipes was also cited as most memorable. For example, participants referred to the recipe demonstrations as not only fun but also key components of the program that helped with message retention and memorability. Key characteristics of memorable messages included personal relevance and message vividness. These findings indicated that the Memorable Messages Framework may serve as an intermediary program evaluation tool to identify what information and messages are most influential to participants in community nutrition education programs.

During the 1960s, the Lower East Side and East Harlem were among the principal contested terrains in New York City, and the emerging Puerto Rican community was being challenged on many fronts. As contested terrains, they were the arenas where transforming forces in American society were being articulated. Responses to these forces varied from neighborhood to neighborhood. Among the responses were groups organized around community development, particularly to fight urban renewal projects. In this essay, I examine a year in the life of the East Harlem Real Great Society/Urban Planning Studio (RGS/UPS). RGS/UPS emerged in a transition period in the development of Puerto Rican institutions. It combined several characteristics of groups organized during those years. It was founded by grassroots community youth; it was also a professionally staffed organization; it was structured around an advocacy model; and it valued its ethnic‐specificity, its Puertoricanness. Its staff's eagerness to speak for the needs and aspirations of Puerto Ricans was a clear example of ethnicity‐based struggle.

Use of the Conceptual Change Teaching Method to Address Food Safety Among Native American and Hispanic Food Preparers

Overdose prevention centers (OPCs) are associated with improved community health and decreased crime, but opponents argue that OPCs depress nearby property values. We estimated the association of the opening of the first two public recognized OPC in the United States with neighborhood residential rents and real estate sales in the East Harlem and Washington Heights neighborhoods of New York City (NYC). Using augmented synthetic controls, we analyzed quarterly and semiannual rental listings and annual and semiannual sales within 300- and 500-meter buffers around the OPCs. Donor units were buffers around syringe service programs without OPCs and opioid treatment programs. Primary outcomes were median quarterly rental listing price and median annual sales price. Overall, we found no changes in neighborhood rental or sales prices. For quarterly rentals at 300m, we estimated (ATT, 95% CI) $145 (-$780, $1070) in East Harlem and -$505 (-$1279, $269) in Washington Heights. For annual sales at 500m, we estimated -$542 993 (-$1 228 024, $142038) in East Harlem and $1 121 706 (-$431 285, $2674697) in Washington Heights. Conformal inference identified no detectable time-point effects. Overall, OPC implementation in NYC was not associated with changes in rents or sales, suggesting these facilities may not generate appreciable effects on local housing values.

Although the internet increases the availability of diabetes-related health information, health care consumers need to have different skills in order to obtain, interpret and evaluate such information. The eHealth literacy scale (eHEALS) was originally developed to assess consumers' perceived skills at using information technology for health. The objective of this study was to explore the experiences of older Hispanics' with type 2 diabetes in using the internet for diabetes management. This study was conducted in the USA among a convenience sample of older Hispanics with type 2 diabetes (n = 20) who attended a senior center in East Harlem, New York City. All participants first completed eHEALS and a demographic, diabetes-related, and smart phone use form either in English or Spanish and then participated in a focus group. Descriptive statistics and a univariate exploratory analysis were conducted to determine differences in electronic health literacy based on age or gender. In addition, qualitative data from the focus groups were analyzed. No significant differences were found based on age (F = 0.76, p = 0.66), but a t-test found significant differences based on gender (t = -2.67, df = 18, p = 0.015). During the qualitative data analysis, five themes were identified from the focus group responses. Although the participants had access to the internet, they were not using the technology to access diabetes-related health information. Given the small sample size in this study, the Spanish version of the instrument needs to be used in a larger sample and further psychometric testing.

A community coalition compared the availability and cost of diabetes-healthy foods in a racial/ethnic minority neighborhood in East Harlem, with those in the adjacent, largely White and affluent Upper East Side in New York City. We documented which of 173 East Harlem and 152 Upper East Side grocery stores stocked 5 recommended foods. Overall, 18% of East Harlem stores stocked recommended foods, compared with 58% of stores in the Upper East Side (P <.0001). Only 9% of East Harlem bodegas (neighborhood stores) carried all items (vs 48% of Upper East Side bodegas), though East Harlem had more bodegas. East Harlem residents were more likely than Upper East Side residents (50% vs 24%) to have stores on their block that did not stock recommended foods and less likely (26% vs 30%) to have stores on their block that stocked recommended foods. A greater effort needs to be made to make available stores that carry diabetes-healthy foods.

There are various tools for real-time data acquisition and analysis of high-frequency signals. Usually, the tools for data acquisition and analysis are incompatible with each other, expensive, or require the utilization of various technologies. Designing a unique toolset for real-time data acquisition and analysis of high-frequency signals presents a large challenge, both in terms of hardware and software design. Some of the main challenges include fulfilling strict real-time performance requirements, using cost-effective hardware components, and designing a software architecture with minimal software latency for data sampling on an embedded platform and data analysis on a PC machine. This paper presents a software architecture design methodology for embedded platforms, including an RTOS and an Ethernet interface, along with the application architecture on the host side. To demonstrate the advantages of the proposed methodology, a prototype consisting of the STM32H747 microcontroller, FreeRTOS operating system, and a GUI application based on the Qt framework has been created. It has been shown that using the proposed architecture design methodology makes it possible to preserve the maximal hardware sampling rate utilizing a 100 Mbps Ethernet link. In the experiments, sampling rates up to 4.57 MSps for 10-bit resolution and real-time transfer of data over Ethernet link and visualization on host PC have been achieved with this specific MCU.

Olives have to be processed as they cannot be consumed in raw state, although olive oil is accepted as a fruit. Utilization of various technologies in this processing stage is a must. Olive oil mill waste water, which is thought to be polluting the environment, comes out in all technologies used in the production of olive oil. While food authorities consider olive oil as a an award granted to human beings, acceptance of olive oil mill waste water of the olive as a waste and the level to which it pollutes the environment is controversial. Turkey, known as the motherland of olive oil, comes fourth among the world olive oil producers. This study aims at evaluating to which extend the olive oil mill waste water produced by olive oil processing technology pollutes the environment and recycle opportunities. As a result of the evaluations made, it was found that the olive oil mill waste water produced by the modern olive processing facilities does not pollute the environment. However, it has been observed that the olive oil mill waste water in the small scale olive processing facilities pollutes the environment from time to time. The reason why olive oil mill waste water is the weakest ring in the olive oil production in Turkey is that olive oil production is intensive in one year and not intensive in the next one and that most of the production is carried out by small-scale enterprises. Given the fact that the existing enterprises concentrate on production facilities, the best solution for this problem seems to be the establishment of vegetable oil collection centers by these enterprises who cannot make the required investments needed for the waste management by themselves, by getting organized among them in the long run. On the other hand, an analysis on the recycle opportunities reveals the proofs of various uses. For example, it can be used as a fertilizer in liquid or solid form at a time when ecological agriculture gains importance; it can also be used as a fuel in houses and industrial facilities as it includes oil though limited. In addition, it can be used in the animal fodder rations.

Recent advances in horizontal drilling techniques and completion configurations have aimed to address various challenges associated with reservoir accessibility. In an effort to optimize operational costs and improve reserves recovery through enhanced reservoir contact, operators are placing a significant emphasis on advanced multilateral wellbore configurations. However, these configurations pose significant difficulties for rig-based interventions and production enhancement operations that are heavily dependent on lateral profiling and accessibility. An operator in North Kuwait drilled a three-legged multilateral well with the aim of maximizing reservoir contact within the Mauddud carbonate formations. This approach aimed to address various production schemes and provide versatility in the pursuit of an economical production model. As such, this completion configuration required an advanced intervention technique that relied on CT optical telemetry and a multilateral indexed entry tool (MLIET). Real-time downhole readings included casing collar locator (CCL), gamma ray (GR), CT internal pressure, annulus pressure, annulus temperature, and axial force to ensure accurate depth control, rapid lateral identification, optimal MLIET actuation, and an understanding of dynamic downhole conditions during the operation. The three-legged multilateral candidate well had three 6 1/8-in uncased horizontal sections that required cleaning from drilling oil-based mud (OBM) and matrix stimulation using a single-phase retarded inorganic acid system (SPRIAS), which enables carbonate stimulation with superior wormholing performance compared to emulsified acid. The lateral sections had an average length of 2,100 ft and the reservoir featured a bottomhole temperature of 170°F and bottomhole pressure nearly 3,000 psi. The profiling of the three laterals was completed in less than 4 hours for each one by merging real-time optical telemetry with MLIET, which optimized rig time and treatment schedule. Prior to matrix stimulation, the three laterals were conditioned via CT through the use of a multifunctional solvent consisting of a synergistic blend of aromatic solvent and surfactants that were intended to break down and disperse OBM residuals without the need for mechanical agitation, leaving the rock water wet. The three laterals were then acidized in a single run by pumping a total of 1,200 bbl of single-phase retarded inorganic acid system (SPRIAS). In comparison with emulsified acid, the pumping time with SPRIAS was nearly 30% lower, resulting in additional efficiency for the intervention. The ability to make fast, informed decisions based on optical telemetry was the cornerstone of this intervention approach. During the initial test, the well showed a production increase that nearly doubled the operator's expectation. This case study examines the effectiveness of a CT rig-based intervention in Kuwait, where the utilization of various technologies, including CT optical telemetry, MLIET, multifunctional solvent, and SPRIAS, allowed for the simultaneous cleaning and acidification of three-legged multilateral well. This methodology serves as a demonstration of how advanced technologies can be integrated to optimize rig-based interventions, increase efficiency, and improve reserves recovery.

In 1969 the New York Young Lords—a primarily Puerto Rican revolutionary group fighting for the independence of Puerto Rico and creation of a socialist society—occupied the First Spanish United Methodist Church in East Harlem. Following weeks of failed negotiations with the pastor and church board, for eleven days the Young Lords occupied the church and established a breakfast program for children, clothing drive, day care center, medical care, and liberation school. The First Spanish Church, founded in 1922, was a historic Puerto Rican church whose members, after years of fighting for their own building, had ceased to engage community programming as they once had. This chapter explores what came to be known as the New York Young Lords’ First People’s Church Offensive by centering the history of the church and the ways religious language, ideas, and notions of the sacred were central to this rupture in East Harlem, New York City.

E-government, as described by the World Bank, is the use of information and communications technologies (ICT) to transform government by making it more accessible, effective, and accountable to its citizens (InfoDev, 2004). E-government involves the utilization of technologies such as the Internet to improve the services, functions, and processes of governance (Heeks, 1999, 2001, 2002; Moon, 2002). Although, the Internet is vitally important for the process, it has to be pointed out here that e-government is more than establishing a Web server and hosting government sites (Sanchez, Koh, Kappelman, &amp; Prybutok, 2003; Sharma and Gupta, 2003). In fact, Heeks (2001) describes e-government as i-governance or integrated governance, a process that permits the integration of both the processing of information by people and the use of communication technologies in achieving the objectives of governance. The United Nations Division for Public Economics and Public Administration and the American Society for Public Administration (UNDPEPA/ASPA) state “E-government is about opportunity…to provide cost effective services to the private sector…to enhance governance through improved access to accurate information and transparent, responsive, and democratic institutions” (UNDPEPA/ASPA, 2003, p. 6).

Social, Institutional, and Behavioral Explanations of Consumption and Borrowing of Low-Income Households: Theory and Policy Remedies

The corona virus pandemic was an unavoidable situation worldwide. The study's objective is to determine the impacts of COVID-19 on the livelihood of informal workers and the associated challenges. The primary and secondary data regarding the livelihoods of informal workers were collected and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 26.0.The primary data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The study found that many COVID-19 cases among residents impact a wide range of incomes, especially for those with lower incomes. The research was conducted among workers in informal sectors and low-income individuals, including rickshaw pullers, hawkers, drivers, waste pickers, and housemates. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, maintaining social distancing and hygiene behaviors exacerbated the livelihoods of informal workers. Moreover, workers in the informal sector were affected in various ways, including disruptions to the food supply chain, health insecurity, and limited working opportunities due to movement restrictions during the lockdown. Therefore, people in informal sectors lost their purchasing power due to job losses and movement restrictions. The study helps policymakers and victims understand how to better prepare for the pandemic next time. Jagannath University Journal of Life and Earth Sciences, 10 (2): 125-142 (June 2024)

Understanding Heat Exposure Risks and Adaptation Behaviors Among Elderly Asian Communities in New York City.

Reviewed by: Nursing with a Message: Public Health Demonstration Projects in New York City by Patricia D’Antonio Dennis Doyle Patricia D’Antonio. Nursing with a Message: Public Health Demonstration Projects in New York City. Critical Issues in Health and Medicine. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 2017. xv + 145 pp. $85.00 (978-0-8135-7103-4). Nursing with a Message is a well-researched account of several demonstration projects that took shape in Manhattan’s East Harlem and Belleville-Yorkville health districts between the 1920s and 1940s. Each was intended to prove how public health and clinical care could be coordinated within a community health center. In providing local residents with easy access to a range of services, these demonstration projects relied heavily on public health nurses to enlist, educate, monitor, and collect data on those Italian American, African American, and Puerto Rican clients. Informing these projects was a blended public health model in which disease could be prevented through the promotion of individual health and wellness. Public health reformers and insurers insisted that physicians and allied health professionals ought to abandon a purely therapeutic focus and serve as agents of such preventive care. They advocated that physicians should provide annual medical exams, immunizations, periodic screenings for select diseases, medicalized childbirth, prenatal care, and dental checkups—all services many of us now take for granted as essential elements of comprehensive medical care in the United States. Coordinating with participating physicians and specialists at the health center, the public health nurses of 1922–41’s East Harlem Nursing and Health Demonstration Project facilitated these preventive services. With their professional monopoly over home visits, their adoption of social work’s casework approach, and their status as legitimate data-driven scientific experts, public health nurses were tasked with the difficult job of teaching clients to go to doctors for these preventive services. They also sought to instill them with a sense of personal responsibility for keeping up to date with all of these checkups, screenings, and exams. In addition, the Nursing Project’s public health nurses expanded their base of knowledge to include nutrition as they sought to teach mothers how to stave off disease in their families through healthier food preparation. Yet the public health nurses were [End Page 214] more than messengers. They were agents of cultural change whose work served as a model for the training of public health nurses both in the United States and around the globe. Still, this is much more than a story of how these pilot programs helped produce the U.S. health care system. Where D’Antonio really excels is in the attention she pays to what did not seem to work, did not see widespread adoption, or did not even merit inclusion. Even for such a slim volume, the examples are too numerous to mention them all here. For instance, while I expect that many scholars may be aware that nursing did not require any psychiatric training until after World War II, public health nurses, in adopting social work’s casework method, actually flirted with mental hygiene and preventive psychiatry in the 1920s. As well, project nurses, in zealously facilitating the medicalization of childbirth, missed an opportunity in the 1930s to investigate and prevent a major public health crisis stemming from that very major change: the high maternal mortality rates that accompanied delivery’s initial shift into the hospital. And throughout the book, the author reminds us that the individualized model of health and illness informing these projects pushed public health nursing even further from Lilian Wald’s original social justice vision. The only caveat I have for potential readers of this jam-packed, insightful study is that it does not offer illustrative examples of the nurses’ interactions with the patients they visited. Such evidence would have offered more tangible proof of the author’s assertion that these public health nurses did learn how to communicate their wellness messages while at the same time failing to address the client’s own demands and needs—especially those related to the social determinants of health. The absence of such case studies appears to be a reflection of the sources the author had...