Digital simulators expedite relay performance evaluation

As the main driving force for the digital transformation of the construction industry, the uncertainty of digital technology in the application process has seriously hindered the high-quality development of the construction industry. In order to promote the wide application of digital technology in the construction industry and clarify the key uncertainties in its application process, this paper identifies the uncertainty index system of digital technology application based on the LDA topic model and literature analysis; the DEMATEL-ISM method is used to construct the multilevel hierarchical structure model of the uncertainty indicators in the application of digital technology to study the mutual influence among the indicators and to find the key uncertainty indicators. The research results show that the uncertainty indicators of the application of digital technology in the construction industry are divided into five levels: policy, industry, personnel, economy and law, and that the perfection of the policy guarantee system is the key uncertainty indicator for the investment return period of digital technology application. The standard contract model for digital technology is a direct uncertainty indicator for the application of digital technology in the construction industry. The results of this study help researchers and practitioners to focus on the key barriers and provide a list of key elements for construction companies to promote the application of next-generation digital technologies to improve digitalization of the construction industry. This study also provides a policy reference to further promote the digital transformation of the construction industry.

To investigate the application of virtual digital technology in landscape engineering design, the study adopted the enumeration survey method and observation method. It conducted a comprehensive analysis of the current status and existing challenges of virtual digital technology in landscape engineering design. Additionally, the study provided a detailed description and explanation of the integration between virtual digital technology and landscape engineering design, while exploring its characteristics and application prospects. The findings revealed: (1) In the early design stage, technological integration enhanced design efficiency. The collaborative use of BIM, GIS, and parametric tools enabled a fully digital workflow from conceptual design to construction drawings, reducing design errors and shortening project timelines. (2) After implementation, interactive experiences revolutionized public engagement. AR/VR technologies introduced dynamic interactivity to landscapes, while metaverse platforms expanded the presentation dimensions of virtual landscapes. (3) Smart maintenance promoted sustainability. IoT sensors and AI analytics facilitated real-time plant health monitoring and precise resource management, demonstrating significant advantages. The study identified existing limitations and proposed future directions, aiming to provide new theoretical and practical insights for the research and application of digital technology in landscape engineering design.

Purpose This study aims to explore how the application of digital technology and information technology can help firms improve their innovation performance and examines the mediating mechanisms of supply chain agility and supply chain integration. Design/methodology/approach This study conducted a questionnaire survey of 320 business managers in an automotive cluster in China and analyzed the collected data using structural equations. Findings Digital technology applications (DTA) have a positive impact on innovation performance, while supply chain agility and integration mediate this impact. In addition, information technology applications (ITA) also has a positive impact on innovation performance, while supply chain agility and integration mediate between the two. Supply chain agility (SCA) and supply chain integration (SCI) significantly enhance the positive impact of technology adoption on firms' innovation performance. Originality/value This study confirms the impact of digital technology and information technology applications on innovation performance and explores the mediating role played by supply chain agility and integration.

In today's information age, digital signal processing technology with a new form of technology has been applied to various fields of society, and with its own significant advantages, in each field has played a powerful role. In order to ensure the air quality of living and working environment, the primary task is to analyze the main pollutants in the air. In addition to traditional chemical monitoring methods, digital signal processing methods are more common to detect pollutants, but filtering technology is needed to overcome the noise interference in the detection process. In this paper, the digital filter technology in digital signal processing is described in detail, and the model of digital signal in gas detection principle is simply abstracted, and the main application of digital signal processing technology in gas detection is described at last. At the same time, the paper analyzes the application of digital signal processing technology in gas detection, hoping to provide some help to the application of this technology and the good detection and treatment of gas pollution. Finally, a signal processing device for differential gas detection and its gas detection system are introduced.

The matter of the effectiveness of applying smart technologies in agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan will be of interest to the academic community, regardless of territorial affiliation. The relevance of the research is in the need to inform farmers on the efficiency of such technologies and how to use them. Economic valuation, cost-benefit analysis were used to compare traditional and digital agricultural technologies in grain production. Wealthy farmers from developed countries widely use digital technology, reducing operating costs for wage labour and productive resources. In this research, the authors attempted to prove the hypothesis of significant economic and environmental efficiency in the application of precision technologies. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the results of the application of precision farming tools from an economic standpoint, these results can contribute to the study of the efficiency of digital technologies at the global and local levels. This research displays that with application of modern digital technologies in production, under certain circumstances, a farm can increase wheat yield by at least 25-30%. Gross profit with traditional technologies in agriculture amounted to 31 US dollars per hectare, while application of digital technologies brought 54 US dollars per hectare.

Technological advancements play a critical role in business, as they transform organizational operations and consumer behavior, reshaping key business practices and creating new market opportunities. Digital and information technologies contribute to enhanced decision-making, operational efficiency, business model innovation and sustained competitive advantage. Technologies, such as the internet and computer networks, facilitate interactive communication and personalization, enabling companies to collaborate with and learn from customers, thereby delivering services tailored to their evolving needs (Hoffman et al., 2022; Rust and Espinoza, 2006). By collecting and storing customer data, including purchase patterns, timing, location and frequency, enterprises can analyze consumer behavior, enabling the provision of individualized products and services (Rust and Espinoza, 2006). Today, data analytics and business intelligence tools transform vast quantities of data into actionable insights about market trends and customers (Sun et al., 2018). Analysis of spending patterns and transactional data yields a sophisticated understanding of customer preferences and financial behaviors, enabling more effective product recommendations and marketing strategies (Theodorakopoulos and Theodoropoulou, 2024), thereby accelerating the development of new products and services.Digital transformation continues to strengthen firms’ competitiveness by automating repetitive tasks, thereby enhancing operational efficiency (Shahid Iqbal et al., 2018). Moreover, companies have been increasingly incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) applications into their business model. Startups can leverage AI to develop innovative business models aligned with environmental sustainability principles (Jorzik et al., 2024).Contemporary research at the intersection of business and digital technology encompasses several key areas. First, AI has emerged as a central focus, with studies examining its role in organizational decision-making, addressing ethical challenges posed by algorithmic bias and exploring new frameworks for effective human–AI collaboration (Enholm et al., 2021). Second, big data analytics research investigates critical issues of data governance and the cultural transformation necessary for organizations to become genuinely data-driven (Aseeri and Kang, 2022). Third, digital transformation represents a significant research domain (Kraus et al., 2022; Nguyen et al., 2024), with scholars examining implementation strategies, the pivotal role of leadership and approaches to managing organizational resistance during technological change (Martínez-Falcó et al., 2025; Porfírio et al., 2021). Fourth, as organizations become increasingly dependent on digital infrastructure, cybersecurity research examines emerging threat patterns and quantifies the economic consequences of security breaches (Corallo et al., 2020). Finally, emerging technologies such as blockchain continue to attract scholarly attention, particularly regarding their capacity to enhance transparency and establish trust in applications ranging from supply chain management to financial services (Frizzo-Barker et al., 2020).While current literature provides a robust understanding of the application of digital technology and its influence on business performance, several avenues present opportunities to advance the field. First, there is a pressing need to develop ethical AI frameworks that address the risk of bias, discrimination and privacy violations (Enholm et al., 2021). Second, investigating the convergence of technologies offers a promising direction for understanding their synergistic effects on creating intelligent systems (Wang et al., 2022). Third, from a macro perspective, advanced technology enables innovations that align with environmental sustainability goals (Kumar et al., 2025), which points to the importance of further research on green technologies for sustainability (Le-Dinh et al., 2025). Fourth, conceptual frameworks for integrating new technologies into businesses remain nascent, as academic research primarily relies on firm-level theories such as the resource-based view theory, dynamic capabilities theory and technology-organization-environment theory (Zhang et al., 2020; Mandal, 2018). Fifth, from a management standpoint, business-IT alignment represents a critical research area and a major concern for company managers, as many firms still treat AI as a separate activity operating in parallel to the business team (Yeow et al., 2018). Maintaining business-IT alignment is challenging yet essential to ensure that IT solutions adequately address the constantly evolving business needs (Andre et al., 2024). Finally, more research that comprehensively examines how consumers perceive, adopt and utilize digital technologies is crucial, as it can help businesses develop and implement effective digital strategies.The Journal of Trade Science welcomes submissions that explore the directions mentioned above, as well as others that address contemporary technological trends and issues. We look forward to receiving your research and collaborating to advance current understanding of the application and impact of digital technology in business.

The application of digital technology in jaw reconstruction is clinically significant as it enhances surgical precision and patient outcomes. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to explore global research trends, hotspots, and future directions in the application of digital technology for jaw reconstruction. This study employs a bibliometric analysis design, utilizing a retrospective approach. The data were sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database, focusing on publications related to digital technology in jaw reconstruction from 1995 to 2024. The final sample includes 1069 articles authored by 4781 authors from 3081 institutions. Data analyses were conducted using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the R package "Bibliometrix." The analysis revealed a total of 1069 articles, with publication trends showing a peak in 2022. China produced the most articles, while the United States led in citations. The most productive institutions were based in Italy, Germany, and China, and key contributing authors included Marchetti Claudio and Ciocca Leonardo. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery had the highest H-index among journals. Keyword co-occurrence revealed hotspots like "implants" and "computer-aided design," while burst terms such as "virtual surgical planning" and "3D printing" signaled emerging frontiers. This bibliometric analysis examined the global research landscape on digital technology in jaw reconstruction, identifying key developments such as rapid prototyping, virtual surgical planning, and 3D printing. Future research should focus on integrating these technologies into clinical workflows, reducing costs, improving training, and addressing regulatory challenges.

Large-scale farming is crucial to improving agricultural competitiveness and increasing farmers’ income. With the rapid development of the digital economy, applying digital technology in agricultural production is regarded as a new source of enhancing agricultural competitiveness. However, few studies have discussed the potential link between the application of digital production technology and large-scale farming from a micro-perspective. Based on survey data from rice farmers in Jiangsu Province, China, in 2023, this study uses an endogenous switching model to analyze the impact of digital production technology on large-scale farming and its potential mechanisms. The results show that applying digital production technology significantly promotes large-scale farming at both the farm and plot levels. These findings remain robust after a series of robustness tests, including changing estimation methods and redefining dependent variables. Mechanism analysis reveals that digital production technology promotes large-scale farming through three pathways: reducing labor costs, mitigating disaster risks, and enhancing managerial capabilities. The heterogeneity analysis indicates that the impact of digital production technology on large-scale farming is more pronounced among farmers with high digital literacy or those in regions with advanced digital finance. This study emphasizes that promoting digital production technology is feasible for achieving large-scale farming.

Digital technology has gained growing importance in professional accounting as it serves as a uniquely situated place where departments and disciplines interact around both official and non-official operations. Application of digital technology has the ability for performing a set of standards of work, develop models and generate best quality of digital information and inform to the higher authority. It noticed to various informations related with the organizational function into a standard line of execution with the principles of sustainable development. Digital technology in professional accounting research is increasingly focusing on procedures created by professional accountants with the goal of ensuring a company’s long-term success. The integration of social and environmental data into financial reports has been characterized by some organizations as a way to adapt and enhance international reporting requirements. The study’s primary objective is to increase public awareness of the accounting profession’s contribution to national sustainable development. Because of this, we will depend on a documentary study of national and international laws for attaining organizational business goals in the matter of how digital technology influences the accounting profession for this proposed article. Thus, in order to achieve our organizational business goals, it is also referred different studies of national and international laws pertaining to the use of digital technology in the accounting profession.KeywordsDigital technologyDevelopment durableAccounting professionBusiness sustainability

With the rapid advancement of educational informatization, digital technology has gradually become a key driving force in transforming primary English teaching. This paper focuses on the application of digital technology in primary English classrooms, exploring its current application status, inherent advantages, specific practical cases, and development prospects. By analyzing practical situations in primary schools, such as the use of online learning platforms, intelligent teaching tools, and digital evaluation systems, this study aims to provide feasible reference for primary English teachers to better integrate digital technology into teaching. It also emphasizes the positive role of digital technology in stimulating students' learning interest, enriching teaching resources, and realizing personalized learning, so as to promote the high - quality development of primary English teaching.

Electric railways use a single-phase system, with the line comprising a trolley wire (TF) that supplies power to the load with a neutral wire and an autotransformer (AF) feeder to absorb the return current of the rail. Testing the performance of the protective relay that detects the fault of the traction power-supply system (TPSS) and operates the circuit breaker is very important. Until now, the performance test of protective relays for the TPSS has been conducted via a simple-steady test or using an expensive real-time simulator. However, under a fast-moving environment in which the load consumes a large amount of power, the protective relay must always detect faults and operate properly. This paper proposes a digital simulator that enables the dynamic testing of protective relays without using any steady test and expensive real-time simulators. This simulator includes both external waveform import and internal waveform generation functions. Users can test the operation of the protective relay by entering the waveform generated externally or internally into the protective relay. Additionally, it has the ability to monitor the operating protection elements and pickup time when the protective relay detects a fault and orders the circuit breaker trip.

The majority of sectors are currently influenced by digital technology, including the education sector. Through the development of digital technology, a new learning model can be designed, namely hybrid learning. Hybrid learning can help the learning process, such as providing variations in learning, minimizing space and time limitations, and improving digital skills. Hybrid learning is a solution in higher education that has limited learning space but has facilities for implementing digital technology in hybrid learning. The research subjects were 36 students of educational informatics engineering department. The research method used was research and development, with ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Develop, Implementation, and Evaluation). At the implementation stage, an effectiveness test was carried out to see the extent to which the application of digital technology in hybrid learning had an effect on the learning process. The research’s results were the implementation of digital hybrid learning technology which consists of combination face-to-face classes with e-learning moodle. Another result from this research was the value of effectiveness was obtained, which is 86.44% conducted from 36 subjects and was categorized as very effective for implementation in higher educational level.

Purpose Solving the problem of financial constraints is key to reducing the barrier to entrepreneurship. Digital inclusive finance, which depends on digital technology, provides entrepreneurs with additional financing options. However, few studies have explained the specific relationship and mechanism between the three. Thus, this study explores how digital inclusive finance affects regional entrepreneurial activity and how this influence fluctuates when digital technology application is included. Design/methodology/approach The panel fixed effect, moderating effect and panel threshold models are utilized to explore the relationships among digital inclusive finance, digital technology application and entrepreneurial activity. Findings The results demonstrate that the growth of digital inclusive finance significantly promotes entrepreneurial activity; nevertheless, digital technology application exerts a detrimental moderating effect on this promotion effect. The impact of digital inclusive finance on entrepreneurial activity is nonlinear, with a significant triple threshold when digital technology application and digital inclusive finance are used as threshold variables. More specifically, after digital inclusive finance reaches a certain level, it will show a trend of first rising and then falling in its promotion effect on entrepreneurial activity. With increased digital technology application, the promotion effect of digital inclusive finance on entrepreneurial activity shows a marginal decreasing trend. Originality/value This study first includes digital inclusive finance, entrepreneurial activity and digital technology application in the same framework. The research findings highlight that developing digital inclusive finance and optimizing digital technology applications to encourage “mass innovation and entrepreneurship” is crucial.

The COVID-19 pandemic has wrecked great havoc in many spheres of life, including education, health, economy, and agriculture. This paper x-rayed the effects of the pandemic on crop production in Nigeria, and efforts made to proffer viable solutions through the application of biological and digital technologies. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on crop production was palpable in shortage of farm labour and labour immobility, disruption of agricultural input supply chain (e.g., fertilizers, agrochemicals, and seeds) and food distribution network. These irregularities grossly escalated food insecurity challenges, sparked price hikes, increased hunger and food losses. Considering the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on crop production which invariably extends to farmers’ income, food security, family nutrition and health, prompt measures to minimize the onward transmission among key players in crop production and food supply chain are imperative. The application of biological technologies including vaccination, use of natural herbs and spices, organic agriculture options (such as organic manuring, use of botanical protectants, farmers’ own seeds, cover cropping, mulching, biofertilizers, etc.), agricultural mechanization, and the digital technologies (mobile phones, remote sensing services, online platforms, robotics and artificial intelligence) would go a long way in resolving the negative effects of the pandemic on crop production in Nigeria. Strict adherences to the recommended public health safety measures (social distancing, compulsory use of face masks in the public, regular hand hygiene, covering of one’s mouth when sneezing or coughing, disinfection of high touch surfaces) are crucial in curtailing the spread of COVID-19 infection.
 Key words: COVID-19 pandemic, crop production, food security, bio-and digital technologies, Nigeria

Driven by digital technology, China's digital economy is developing rapidly, and its position in the economy and society is getting higher and higher. As the main force of China's economy, employment and GDP, SMEs have been greatly impacted by the COVID-19 epidemic. It is of great practical significance to study the digital transformation of SMEs for the relief and development of SMEs after the epidemic and to promote the development of China's digital economy. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the status quo, problems and policy appeals of China's small and medium-sized enterprises' digital transformation. The survey object was the principals of 925 small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises. The survey questions included 11 issues such as difficulties faced by enterprises in business operation, application of digital technology, effectiveness of digital transformation, and driving factors of digital transformation. On this basis, the study was carried out. The survey results show that SMEs in China generally have problems such as lack of digital transformation thinking, weak digital foundation, and large obstacles to digital transformation. The vulnerability of SMEs themselves and the differences between different types of SMEs increase the difficulty of digital transformation. The classified statistics of SMEs based on different dimensions such as the development stage, location, and scale of enterprises show that there are significant differences between different types of SMEs and the total sample, as well as between different types of SMEs in terms of difficulties faced in operation, effectiveness of digital transformation, status quo of digital transformation, application of digital technology, driving factors of digital transformation, and policy appeals; Meeting market demand, improving production efficiency and significantly reducing costs are the driving factors for SMEs to carry out digital transformation, but there are differences between different types of SMEs. In order to effectively promote the digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises in China, it is suggested to give full play to the guidance and policy support of government departments based on the policy demands of small and medium-sized enterprises for digital transformation, accelerate the construction of new infrastructure, and provide more solid digital transformation foundation for small and medium-sized enterprises; Take multiple measures to eliminate the shortage of digital talents, improve and innovate the talent training mechanism, and provide talent support for digital transformation; Build a digital platform and network, build a cross industry and cross link digital collaboration system, open up the digital transformation path of SMEs, and boost their digital transformation and development.