Digital sketching and haptic sketch modelling during product design and development

Literature on the use of design tools in educational settings notes an uneasy relationship between student use of traditional hand sketching and digital modelling tools (CAD) during the industrial design process. This is often manifested in the transition from sketching to CAD and exacerbated by a preference of current students to use CAD. In this research we report the teaching of a new design practice “Digital Sketch Modelling” which combines the strengths of sketching in ideation and CAD in dimensional accuracy while versing students in digital sketching skills that are now expected of graduates going into industry. In doing so we move beyond treating digital sketching as an equivalent of traditional sketching to become a new transitional design tool. This paper sets out the key steps of the Digital Sketch Modelling technique and reports its integration in industrial design curriculum over the last two years. In doing so we contribute a new type of design practice with a research based foundation that answers the requirements of modern industrial design practice.

IntroductionThe conventional method for teaching removable partial denture (RPD) design using a pencil drawing on a solid cast has always been the basis for teaching RPD design in most dental schools at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. This does not apply to RPD fabrication technology, as more laboratories have recently adopted more efficient and versatile digital techniques to design and fabricate RPD frameworks.MethodsAt the University of Iowa College of Dentistry, we created a pilot workshop to assess the efficiency of a new approach to teaching RPD design utilizing this new digital RPD technology as a teaching tool for graduate prosthodontics residents. Three first-year prosthodontics residents were enrolled in the workshop, which involved learning the new digital workflow of designing RPD.ResultsThis new teaching approach very successfully achieved its educational goals. The residents reported that the digital RPD teaching approach enriched their knowledge and deepened their understanding of RPD design.DiscussionThe technique garnered significant interest from the students and seemed to also increase their understanding of the steps involved in RPD fabrication as well as the different components of the RPD.

This article compares and contrasts the use of haptic and digital sketching in the design process. It investigates the preferred sketching method of final year design students. In addition, it examines the relationship between effective communication and the use of haptic and digital sketching. A case study involving ten final year students studying product design courses at Nottingham Trent University was undertaken. The text explores the current literature and identifies the benefits of using the two methods. The inclusion of digital sketching tutorials in the undergraduate curriculum is discussed as well as the option of replacing haptic with digital sketching. The study concludes that while a wider survey with students from other design courses would be useful, the results provide strong evidence that final year students currently prefer haptic to digital sketching as an essential part of the design process.

Objective: To study the clinical efficacy of digital design combined with three-dimensional (3D) printing model minimally invasive extraction of complex impacted mandibular third molars. Methods: Eight patients who visited the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from April 2023 to March 2024 were included, including 3 males and 5 females, aged from 27 to 57 years old. The impacted mandibular third molars of all patients were closely related to the mandibular canal, and part of the dental tissue entered the mandibular canal. Preoperative digital design was used to simulate the intraoperative tooth segmentation and bone removal operation of the power system and the segmented tooth dislocation path, and analyze the tooth extraction resistance. The mandibular teeth, mandibular canal and mandibular model were three-dimensionally printed using light-curing resin inkjet. During the operation, an endoscope was used combined with the 3D printed model to minimally invasively extract the impacted mandibular third molar. Quantitative sensory testing of the patient's lower lip skin on the operated side was performed before surgery, 2 days after surgery, and 7 days after surgery. Clinical data such as operation time were collected. A paired sample t test was performed on the 2 and 7 days postoperative data and the preoperative data to compare the data differences. Results: All 8 patients successfully completed preoperative design, model printing and minimally invasive surgery. The number of teeth segmented in the preoperative design was (4.4±1.3), and the number of teeth segmented in the actual operation was (4.0±1.1). The operation time was (33.3±13.0) min. None of the patients had postoperative numbness of the lower lip or other postoperative complication. It was observed endoscopically that the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle was exposed in the extraction socket during the operation. The patient's pressure pain threshold 2 days after surgery (0.601±1.170) was significantly lower than before surgery (1.251±1.109) (t=2.83, P=0.025). Conclusions: For complicated impacted mandibular third molars, digital design combined with 3D printing model can be used to perform minimally invasive extraction with the assistance of an endoscope.

The School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering at Oregon State University is home to one of the largest academic Mechanical Design groups in the country. As a leader in undergraduate design education, we have been able to keep in touch with a large group of mechanical design graduates, and as such are capable of assessing how students retain information learned in undergraduate coursework to see how this understanding is employed in real-world engineering practice. However, the principles governing the design of sustainable products and processes are relatively novel and are only now being integrated into the undergraduate and graduate mechanical design curriculum. It is our hypothesis that particular means of learning and understanding sustainable design — via lectures, homework assignments, design projects, and the use of various sustainability-related LCA tools — will enable the highest retention of sustainable design understanding, and a higher likelihood that this sustainable design knowledge will be propagated into design practice in industry. Multiple curricular studies that explore dissemination and retention of sustainable design skills are being explored, including a junior-level introductory mechanical design course and a graduate level sustainable product development course. In the junior-level course, baseline sustainability knowledge is tested by allowing students to make sustainable design decisions by applying varied skill sets, including general principles, a list of sustainable design guidelines, and an innovative online survey (The GREEn Quiz). The graduate-level course, which employs sustainable design principles within a larger product development architecture, will capitalize on more “expert” knowledge. Future work will also be discussed, including planned validation studies and curriculum improvements, as well as the means of quantifying the retention of sustainable design information.

Chapter 3 - Digital design for AM

This thesis introduces the digital design method applied in some product, and it explains the digital design of products from the perspectives of three-dimensional modeling, CAE analysis, optimization design, and so on. This digital design method can be applied well in other engineering fields.

Introduction. In recent years the digitalization of dentistry has taken a special place in the world of scientific research. With the development of scanning methods and the improvement of software for the analysis and designing of three-dimensional objects, as well as the adaptation of milling techniques and additive technologies for dentistry applications in many clinical cases it is possible to replace the conventional procedure of prosthetic restoration with the digital process. It should be emphasized that the need of further thorough research is recommended especially on the accuracy of elements obtained with intraoral scanning and their production with additive technologies. Aim of the study. Analysis of marginal and internal fit of a prosthetic bridge designed and produced using digital methods. Material and methods. On the model of the jaw abutment teeth have been prepared to make a bridge. Using the intraoral scanner dental arches were scanned. The digital design was performed which was then printed using DMLS technology. The prosthetic restoration was 3D scanned in order to obtain a digital geometry which was processed with specialized software. The bridge fitting analysis to the CAD model of the abutment teeth was performed. Results. Heat map analysis allows to determine the high accuracy of bridge fitting within the abutment teeth. From 50 measurement points an average value of 0.0136 with a standard deviation of 0.0768 was obtained. The minimum value was -0.21, maximum 0.17. Discussion. As it results from the study and reports in the literature in many clinical situations it is possible to perform a completely digital procedure of producing prosthetic restorations. In vitro studies show the potential clinical usefulness of digital methods, however, most authors agree on the need of thorough clinical trials before fully recommending the application of completely digital procedures. The use of the developed methodology allows to perform further research on the accuracy of these technologies. Conclusions. The obtained results indicate the accuracy of producing prosthetic restoration with digital techniques. Application of these technologies allows to produce bridge characterized by high precision. The reverse engineering method can be used to numerically determine parameters which are relevant from the point of view of medical applications.

Many types of electric equipments are digitized in recent years. However, the configuration of switch mode power supply is still only analog circuit because the analog circuit is held down to low cost. The digitized system is operated on the basis of a processor. When the switch mode power supply is treated as a part of the system, it is difficult that switch mode power supply inhabit alone in the system as the analog-circuit. Therefore, the digitization of the switch mode power supply is necessary to harmonize with other electronic circuits in the system. So far, various examinations have been discussed about digitally controlled switch mode power supplies[1-5]. However, important parameters such as the switching frequency were impractical because the performance of processor was not so good. Recently, due to the development of the semiconductor manufacture technology, the performance of processor such as DSP and FPGA is developed remarkably. Hence, the expectation of the practical realization in the digitally controlled switch mode power supply becomes higher. So far, in many case on digitally controlled switch mode power supply, the control system is constructed by very complicated, difficult modern control theory (nonlinear control theory) such as adaptive control or predictive control. Moreover, also in the most popular and easiest control method such as PID control, the design method is not so clear, and the optimal design is difficult[6, 7]. On the other hand, there are two methods of controller design. One is the digital direct design. The other is the digital redesign. The digital redesign method converts the analog compensator which is designed on s-region into digital compensator. The digital redesign method has some advantages. For example, the control system is designed from classical control theory (linear control theory). Therefore, many experiences and design techniques of the conventional analog compensator can be utilized. Moreover, from the practical stance, the digital redesign method is more realistic than digital direct design. This paper investigates the digitally controlled switch mode power supply by means of classical control theory. Especially, the interesting control technique which is cancelled the transfer function of the converter by using pole-zero-cancellation technique is introduced. This technique is very simple and stability design of converter system is very easy.

The Structured Design Methods such as Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and Pugh’s concept generation and selection methods have been shown in the industry to improve the problem definition and design synthesis for the new products hence resulting in the better product design. The application is however limited in the aerospace industry, because the decisions are mostly based on the intuition, simplified back-of-the-envelope calculations and few hand-drawn sketches instead of any higher-fidelity design data using Computer Aided Design and Engineering (CAD/CAE) tools. This leads to the skepticism about the findings of such design methods and reduces their wider acceptance and application in the aerospace design. The examples showing significant improvements in the product definition solely based on the computationally supported design methods are almost negligible. This paper describes work undertaken to add quantitative analysis to these methods in order to reduce such deficiencies. A comprehensive approach has been applied to integrate the mission analysis with high fidelity CAD, CFD and FEA tools that in return provide high fidelity data to enter in the QFD matrix or Pugh’s Concept generation and selection matrix. MS Excel spreadsheet coupled to high level CAD and CAE tools has integrated several aircraft design disciplines for the preliminary design phase. The objective is to demonstrate that the application of Design Methods results in better problem specification and solution synthesis when the scores and rankings are based on the CAD and the high fidelity multidisciplinary design data from aerodynamics and structures. The integration methodology is also used to illustrate the unification of two distinct design phases in the traditional design process i.e. the conceptual and preliminary design into one Preliminary design phase. It is suggested that with the integration of CAD and CAE tools, one can perform all the activities and tasks in one unified phase with reduced design cycle time as compared with two separate design phases comprising of two separate teams. The Pugh’s Method is applied to generate, analyze and select the design concepts for a Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE) UAV utilizing high fidelity information.

People generate and develop concepts in informal settings through gesture language, verbal discourse, and sketching. Current knowledge capture and reuse solutions are unable to utilize the relevance embedded in these multiple multimodal streams of communication. As a result, most of the archived content becomes hard to understand and reuse. This paper presents DiVAS ( Di gital V ideo- A udio- S ketch) a system for cross-media knowledge capture, search, retrieval and re-use of rich, unstructured, multimedia digital content stored in large corporate repositories. This is achieved through seamless transformation of analog activities such as gestures, discourse, and sketching that take place during creative and informal communicative events among stakeholders engaged in building projects, into integrated digital video-audio-sketch episodes. DiVAS presents a cross-media semantic analysis and data mining methodology of indexed digital video-audio-sketch footage that captures the creative human activities of concept generation and problem solving. Together, they provide a macro-micro index to large enterprise archives of rich, multimedia, and unstructured content. Knowledge re-use is facilitated through contextual exploration and understanding of the rich content that is retrieved.

Community service aims to help provide solutions to problems in the fields of production, promotion and marketing faced by MSMEs of Pupuk Bokashi,Getasan District, Semarang Regency.Community Service is carried out in order to improve product quality, expand marketing areas, and increase the income of partner MSMEs.The problem faced by MSME partners is the lack of ability of MSME actors to master science and technology, think creatively and innovate in designing products, product packaging, designing promotional tools and marketing their products, so that marketing area coverage is still limited and sales turnover is still low. The solution will be provided, namely Providing training and assistance in implementing attractive product and packaging designs, creating digital promotional tool designs and creating on-line Marketing Media designs to expand marketing areas and increase sales turnover, creating new ideas from online media and assistance in making accounts on Social Media and selling accounts on the Marketplace. The method used is to provide training and assistance in making product and packaging designs, promotional tool designs and online marketing media designs.Application of technology in creating product designs, product packaging, promotional tools and online marketing media will affect product quality, expansion of marketing areas, increase in sales turnover and increase in MSME profits. Changes in marketing behavior from conventional to online marketing must be balanced with the ability of MSME players to design products to make them more attractive, design effective digital promotional tools so that products are easily recognized and use online marketing technology to expand marketing areas. It is hoped that online marketing media will be an effective choice for MSME players so they can reach a wider marketing area, increase sales turnover, so that it will have an impact on increasing the profit level of Pupuk Bokashi MSMEs, Getasan District.

A user-centred design (UCD) approach aims to design products suitable for their intended users by involving them in the design. This article describes an action research and development project where user-centred design techniques from the human-computer interaction field were applied to the work practice of ED-Design Ltd, Scandinavia's largest industrial design consultancy. The paper contributes to discussion on the practice of industrial design in companies today. It describes the goals, process and results of the project, and discusses the lessons learned. In the literature, the use and adaptation of methods is typically smooth and successful. How is it in real life? What happens when an industrial designer is asked to test his or her own designs with users?

Fashion can not only be designed and made by traditional manual methods, but also be realized and produced by digital modelling and 3D printing. At present, although it has not been applied to a wide range in the garment manufacturing, it has put forward new possibilities for traditional clothing manufacturing. It is necessary to study these novel methods on clothing design and production. In this paper, through the digital design to 3D printing for fashion production involved in materials, processes, techniques and other aspects of the study and analysis. From the perspective of human comfort to analysis 3D digital design for fashion production that is more suitable for human wear and higher comfort.

This paper presents some challenges of teaching computational geometry to architectural students, and proposes a multi-level pedagogical scheme introducing associative geometry and parametric modeling/design into architectural design education. It reports on two pedagogical experiences: one held in the context of a spatial geometry course in the first year of education; and another one, in a digital design studio with third-year architectural students. More specifically, it discusses the impact on design exploration of a library of interactive referents models introduced into the architectural studio. Situated in the ‘performance’ paradigm of digital design methods, they allow for design object explorations based on modification of architecturally meaningful features (structural, environmental, functional, etc.). The form of a design object can thus ‘follow’ function, structure, or even sustainability. The digital methods and the design knowledge transferred by the interactive models, together with their visual nature, are found to amplify the processes of ‘seeing-as’ and the ‘reflective conversation with the situation’ considered essential for creative design.