Digital Watermarking using Lifting Wavelet Transform of Crowd Sourced Images

A significant data protection technique for a number of problems, the most prominent being identity authentication and copyright protection, is digital image watermarking. The rapid digital transformation of the world has given rise to a variety of vision modification techniques, which have significant consequences for picture data security. As a result, maintaining the validity and integrity of digital images is crucial, which is why researchers are focusing on creating effective watermarking techniques. This study proposes an optimized robust watermarking technique based on lifting wavelet transform (LWT) with singular value decomposition (SVD) using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for achieving multiple scaling factors (MSF). To increase security and durability, cover images are exposed to numerous attacks. The evaluation criteria, which encompass normalized cross-correlation (NCC) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), were used to compare our outcomes with those of leading watermarking methods. The comparison reveals that our proposed strategy surpasses existing methods in terms of both robustness and imperceptibility. The results suggest that this technique is suitable for tamper detection in various domains, including cryptography, medical imaging and multimedia transmission.

Security and authentication of the people information is effectively provided through various watermarking algorithms. Most of the conventional watermarking algorithms have their own drawbacks in maintaining the quality and security of the image against various attacks. In order to overcome the above stated issues, a watermarking technique based on optimization is required for preserving image quality. In this paper, singular value decomposition (SVD) based digital image watermarking (DIW) scheme is proposed in hybrid discrete cosine transform (DCT) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) using optimization algorithms like particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Jaya algorithm. The watermark image (WI) is embedded into low frequency DWT sub-band of DCT of cover image. PSO and Jaya algorithms are applied to improve the security threats and quality by assessing the fitness function. The work involves in utilizing the feature points in embedding of watermarks and analyzing the impact of various types of attacks with respect to image quality. The performance parameters like peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) and correlation coefficient of fitness function given by PSO and Jaya algorithm.

Watermarking is a technology that complements cryptography by embedding imperceptible signals in work. Information hiding techniques have recently become important in a number of application areas. Digital audio, video and images are increasingly furnished with distinguishing but imperceptible marks, which may contain a hidden copyright notice that helps to prevent unauthorized copying directly. One approach is to introduce an invisible image known as digital watermark, into an image sequence. This paper presents secured algorithms for embedding digital watermarks into images. The proposed method performs imperceptible watermarking of images in frequency domain. The watermark is embedded in the DWT and DCT domain of an image in a multi-resolution way. In the decoding phase, once the watermark is extracted from the watermarked image, certain performance measures such as peak signal to mean noise ratio (PSNR) and correlation are calculated. Different types of attacks have been applied to the watermarked image to test the robustness of the applied technique and for each case, PSNR and correlation are calculated. Even though DWT method gives better results when compared to DCT, performances of both methods are good.

Digital image watermarking is one of the largest research fields, and it plays a vital role in digital information authentication and security. Based on the study of watermarking systems, the whole process may be segregated into the processes of watermark embedding and extraction. In this paper, a review of the theoretical and experimental analysis and performance measurement of representative digital image watermarking systems in spatial and transform domains is presented. The significant characteristics of the digital image watermarking scheme are robustness, capacity, imperceptibility, the security of the hiding place, and false-positive of the watermarking algorithm. Comparison of the different watermarking techniques such as the least significant bit (LSB), singular value decomposition (SVD), the discrete wavelet transform (DWT), and the discrete cosine transform (DCT) is presented in a tabular form. A detailed discussion along with an algorithm for digital image encryption/decryption through embedding and extraction is given. A brief comparison of their relative advantages and disadvantages is also noted in this paper.KeywordsInformation hidingWatermarkingSecurityAttacksRobust

Digital image watermarking using deep learning: A survey

Science and technology advancements have created a need for getting the data protected, authenticating the data, and integrating it, claiming ownership, labeling the content, and securing it. Because digital image watermarking is applied in grayscale, halftone, and color, all types of digital data are protected by watermarking. However, the Internet does not generally have secure links, so information in transit may also be susceptible to interruption. Watermarking can be applied to digital images of medical images and 3D models, for example. In the real world, reducing the possibility of knowledge being gathered during transmission is a big concern. The digital watermarking method makes it possible to distribute digital information quickly and inexpensively over the Internet. By using digital watermarking methods, copyright holders are able to protect their intellectual property during the dissemination process. This type of watermarking allows the insertion of various data into an image without affecting its value. In traditional approaches to supporting interactive searches within RF sessions, relevance feedbacks (RFs) have been incorporated into the process of expressing and satisfying users’ information needs. However, the user effort is considerable when searching large datasets through RF. Watermarking research encompasses a variety of fields, including multimedia security, forensics, data authenticity, and digital rights management. We have proposed a novelette semi-supervised methodology to secure RF-based searches at the present work by utilizing a novel semi-supervised methodology.

Because of the facility of accessing and sharing digital images through the internet, digital images are often copied, edited and reused. Digital image watermarking is an approach to protect and manage digital images as intellectual property. The embedding of a natural watermark based on the properties of the human eye can be utilized to effectively hide a watermark image. This paper proposes a watermark embedding scheme based on the psychovisual threshold and edge entropy. The sensitivity of minor changes in DCT coefficients against JPEG quantization tables was investigated. A watermark embedding scheme was designed that offers good resistance against JPEG image compression. The proposed scheme was tested under different types of attacks. The experimental results indicated that the proposed scheme can achieve high imperceptibility and robustness against attacks. The watermark recovery process is also robust against attacks.

In this paper, we are going to evaluate various wireless network security related issues and how do they affect the quality of service of a wireless network and Mobile AdHoc Networks(MANETs). The time systems are increasingly required Getting educated more and more. Systems are simple Drastically converting the structure into more functional and dynamic. Computer networks have undergone a major move from cable to wireless A recent development has been networks and fast wireless infrastructure. MANET has appeared between many other cellular networks. Why? Why? dynamic topology without any centralization, conventional path MANETs do not comply with protocols and authentication systems. These MANETs are responsive to a lot of people It is not feasible in other networks to attack and participate in disruptive operations. A Wireless Network can be a very vulnerable entity and is always susceptible to various types of attacks and attackers, we are going to discuss a few of these attack and how do they affect the overall network performance, finally we are going to evaluate some of the solutions offered and how they improve the network.

Головною концепцією і предметом дослідження є виявлення різного типу обширних атак в інфраструктурі IoT, огляд представленої моделі, методів та існуючих передових систем виявлення вторгнень. Метою даної роботи є запропонування системи виявлення вторгнень в режимі реального часу, яка буде навчена на наборі з великим обсягом даних, за допомогою нейронної мережі з використанням ансамблевого методу машинного навчання. Предметом дослідження є огляд існуючих методів та моделей виявлення широкомасштабної атаки та запропонування власного рішення системи виявлення вторгнень, яка буде базуватися на методі виявлення аномалій та нейронної мережі. Висновок. Побудована система виявлення вторгнень, яка аналізує інтернет трафік, вилучає ознаки з пакету, обробляє їх та передбачує різні види атак, а також характеризує їх за типом. Загрозу безпеці можна вважати основною критичною проблемою для пристроїв IoT, тому використання таких систем зменшує ризики втрати даних.

The IEEE 802.11 wireless networks are organized either in infrastructure mode or ad-hoc mode. These wireless networks are very common, because of their portability and ease of access. In infrastructure mode of wireless networks, wireless clients have to be aware of the environments due to vulnerability and various types of attacks that can made by wireless intruders. Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) and Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) security protocols are used to protect any wireless infrastructure against wireless intruders. The main problem of wireless network is to maintain the network security. Firewalls are not much capable to secure network from attacks because firewall can only detect the attacks which come from outside of the network. Therefore, Intrusion Detection System (IDS) plays an important role in network security. In general Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is used to detect unauthorized access, malicious access point and various types of wireless attacks in IEEE 802.11 infrastructure mode of wireless networks. Network based Wireless Intrusion Detection system (WIDS) is designed to detect Denial of Service (DOS) attack and Malicious Access Point (Evil Twin Attack) in Wi-Fi networks. Because DOS attack and Evil Twin Attack are the most significant attacks in IEEE 802.11 networks. In this work, a diverse detection algorithm is proposed to detect DOS attack and Evil Twin Attack which is based on number of deauthentication frames and beacon frames and some other fields. In this project, an experimental setup for wireless network infrastructure with one access point (AP) and three or four number of wireless clients are used to design Wireless Intrusion Detection System (WIDS). In that design, one client act as an attacker and another one client act as detector. In this work, Kali Linux based attack software tool is used to register wireless clients to launch attacks on the network. The set of commends are used to configure on the designed infrastructure wireless networks for testing the attacks and solutions

A digital watermark is an invisible mark embedded in a digital image which may be used for copyright protection. This paper proposes that Fourier-Mellin transform-based invariants can be used for digital image watermarking. The embedded marks may be designed to be unaffected by any combination of rotation, scale and translation transformations. The original image is not required for extracting the embedded mark.

In this paper, we propose a digital image watermarking scheme using Arnold transform. To implement this, a scrambled binary image is embedded into the coefficient of host images via Lifting wavelet transform. Then inverse wavelet transform is applied to get the watermarked image. We have applied to watermark in the transform domain instead of the spatial domain. This is since in a spatial domain the pixels of the cover image is directly manipulated, in contrast with transform domain where the coefficient of pixels is modified after applying different transformation technique that ultimately increases imperceptibility of the scheme. Moreover, nowadays most of the images are compressed in wavelet domain like JPEG 2000. Another important feature of the proposed algorithm is the Arnold scrambling technique which increases the security of the scheme. It is difficult for the attacker to derive the original watermark as well as retrieve the cover image. The proposed digital watermarking system is tested over a large number of standard grayscale (512×512) benchmark images to provide good imperceptibility and robustness. In our case, we have seen that the proposed technique offers the average value of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), Structural Similarity Index (SSI) before decoding and after decoding are 49.93, 0.97, 51.72 and 0.976721 respectively. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme is robust against different types of attacks.

Digital image watermarking techniques for copyright protection are used by many people to protect their images from others. The goal of this work is to propose a new digital watermarking technique, which depends on the steerable pyramid decomposition transform. By taking into consideration invisibility and robustness, the watermark is embedded several times in all bands of steerable pyramid which facilitates the detection of the watermark and makes the scheme very robust against various types of attacks. Experimental results clearly show good invisibility and excellent robustness against cropping, JPEG compression and other geometric attacks.

In this paper, a robust algorithm of digital image watermarking based on discrete wavelet transform is introduced It uses blind watermarking technique. Digital image watermarking is one such technology that has been developed to protect digital images from illegal manipulations. In particular, digital image watermarking algorithms which are based on the discrete wavelet transform have been widely recognized to be more prevalent than others. This is due to the wavelets' excellent spatial localization, frequency spread, and multi-resolution characteristics, which are similar to the theoretical models of the human visual system.

In this paper, a new robust and secure video watermarking scheme based on discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), singular value decomposition (SVD), and Laplacian pyramid is proposed for copyright protection applications. The main contributions of this work are: 1) Increasing watermark robustness towards common signal processing attacks by separating the watermark image into a high-frequency image and a low-frequency image using laplacian pyramid. Then, the singular values of each of the low-frequency watermark image and the high-frequency watermark image are hidden in two different DWT subbands of the original video frame. Separating the watermark and hiding its two parts in two different subbands of the DWT of the video frame makes it robust towards noise, filtering, and compression attacks. 2) Improving the quality of the extracted watermarks via correcting the received watermarked videos using SURF points when those videos are geometrically attacked, mainly by rotation, scaling, and shear attacks. 3) Increasing security and avoiding false positive problems (FPP) associated with SVD by using perceptual image hashing in the proposed scheme. Through experimental results and comparisons to other techniques, the proposed scheme has shown very high imperceptibility for the tested watermarked videos in terms of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR). Also, the proposed scheme has demonstrated high watermark robustness towards various types of attacks, and an improvement in the quality of the extracted watermarks from 4 to 20 dB compared to other techniques.