Distributed load balancing model for grid computing environment

Grids are an emerging infrastructure providing distributed access to computational and storage resources. Handling many incoming requests at the same time and distributing the workload efficiently is a challenge which load balancing algorithms address. Current load balancing implementations for the Grid are central in nature and therefore prone to the single point of failure problem. This paper introduces two distributed artificial life-inspired load balancing algorithms using Ant Colony Optimization and Particle Swarm Optimization. Distributed load balancing stands out as a robust algorithm in regard to any topology changes in the network. The implementation details are given and evaluation results show the efficiency of the two distributed load balancing algorithms.

In 1985, Harlan Cleveland wrote in the Public Administration Review that information is the dominant resource in the United States and perhaps the world.I Cleveland's observation underscores the importance of effectively managing information and related resources such as computers and information systems. Numerous books and articles on their management now populate library and bookstore shelves, generally catalogued under the rubric of information resources management (IRM). IRM, operating in a world of integrated networks where information has strategic importance, reflects major changes in information management during the last three decades.2 Not surprisingly, the federal government has been swept up in the IRM tide. The subject of task force deliberations, explicit legislation, and implementing regulations, information resources have joined money, personnel, and other resources in the net of strong management control. Reporting on the findings of a 1987 study, this article examines IRM in federal executive departments and bureaus following passage of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980, the Act that formally introduced and mandated information resources management in the federal government. Among other questions, the study explores (1) how IRM is organized at departmental and bureau levels, including whether IRM is organized differently from other resource management functions; (2) what are the roles and relationships between departmental and bureau IRM units; and (3) what major management changes have resulted from the Paperwork Reduction Act. This research shows that IRM in practice has not penetrated far across departments or down into bureau management as the 1980 legislation intended. Information technology management dominates IRM activities, leaving information management as almost an afterthought.

The main modern problem of projects and programs portfolios management in enterprises is where to get timely, high-quality, complete information for the successful implementation of projects. Based on this, in the paper is proposed to apply an approach to the management of information resources in 4P-environment. The essence of using this approach for information resources management is that the creation and use of such a resource is considered as a component of the functional add-in, which concentrates the information flows of the project / program / portfolio management tools and enterprises (in terms of project activities) with all the attributes of implementation and control system components. The purpose of the work is a description of the information resources management concept in 4P - environment of enterprise. The classification of information resources was carried out in accordance with the proposed features: by place in the information space of the project-oriented enterprise, by the form of use of information resources, by shift of information resources, by the source of information, by place in information processes. The distribution of information resources classes across three levels of the organization is considered, and a structure is proposed that allows one to formally operate with information resources management processes: from outside the enterprise, from the enterprise, from projects and programs, from project portfolios. Consider the functions of information resources management in the context of the presented classes. It is necessary that these models of management to enter in the functional add-in and increase the level of automation in the 4P environment. It was determined that the system of functions of the add-in in part of information resources management should be quite complex, multidimensional, based on a powerful methodological basis to meet the needs of the 4P-environment for managing information resources. It was concluded that for this, first of all, it is necessary to “algorithmize” each information resources management function and highlight common procedures in them, and will form the basis of the management subsystem of the functional superstructure, is a direction for further research.

Novel distributed load balancing algorithms in cloud storage

The paper presents a new approach to load balancing for large distributed systems. The approach characterizes the global state uncertainty inherent in a large distributed system in terms of the fuzzy set theory and presents a fuzzy-based distributed load balancing algorithm that explicitly reflects the effect of the uncertainty in the decision making process. The notion of linguistic variables is used to model state variables that have imprecise and uncertain state values and fuzzy control to estimate the amount of consistency relaxation from the states of uncertainty sources. A fuzzy-based consistency model provides a mechanism that allows each node to make flexible scheduling and state update decisions based on the estimated degree of consistency relaxation. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm yields a better performance, substantially reduces the number of messages required, and generally transfers fewer tasks, compared to two conventional distributed load balancing algorithms. >

Based on the analysis of the current status and development of domestic and foreign information resource management and control platforms, we propose to apply cloud computing to the resource management and control platform in data centers. The application can enhance the utilization efficiency of information resources, facilitate information sharing, and improve the accuracy and intensity of information resource management and control.

Increasing information in electronic government have challenged traditional management policies and practices. And with these challenges, the need for a scientific management pattern for the quality and quantity of available information in e-government is urgent. Adaptive management will be required to maximize the utilization of any option for management of information resource in e-government and to achieve long-term objectives through implementation of information ecosystem management. This paper proposes a framework that can be used to scope management of information resources in e-government and investigates its relation with objectives of information resources management. The structural elements of the framework include analyzing the complexity and uncertainty of information resources in e-government, mode of adaptive management, environment of adaptive management, and platform of adaptive management. A reference framework for better management of information resources in e-government is provided.

This article assesses the current legislative environment, in the U.S. Federal government, influencing the management of information resources. In a fiscal environment, where the pressure is to both reduce cost and provide better service, the management of information resources is receiving closer scrutiny by Congress and the public. The key relevant information policy initiatives are the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993, the Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996, and Executive Order No. 13011. These policies are creating high-level attention to, and use of, the information resources of the Federal government. The usefulness of these policies will be assessed in a framework of strategic information management functions.

The article emphasizes that many maritime accidents have been reported over the last few decades, due to the lack of skills of naval officers to control both resources and crisis. Consideration of human resources management is gradually seen as a core part of the human error management approach. The International Maritime Organization has raised the issue of the need to develop human resource management skills on board ships, but the standards of competence and criteria for their assessment have not been fully established. The article shows that most organizations recognize that their human resources are a source of competitive advantage. This recognition, coupled with increased environmental uncertainty, increased cost control and increased government regulation, have enhanced the strategic role of human resource management. It is emphasized that where human resources are a source of competitive advantage of the organization, their management plays a crucial role in providing "best practices" to the strategic planning process at the corporate level. Personnel planning provides another important link to organizational strategy, making critical work accessible and adding time to addressing staff shortages or redundancies. Another strategic value of the human resources function includes environmental scanning and competitive analysis to prove the role and importance of strategic human resource management for enterprise competitiveness. It has been proven that enterprise human resources are a source of competitive advantage and are proposed at the level of strategy development, aligning staff practices, policies and programs with organizational strategy so that desirable employee roles and behaviors support different strategies (eg innovation, quality improvement, cost reduction). The importance of human resources management in the formation of the organizational strategy of the company is established and the practice of strategic management of human resources of advanced enterprises is analyzed. The practical significance of the results obtained is to prove the role of human resources for strategic management. As a result, the involvement of human resources management in strategy formation has increased. It is recommended to use the appropriate components of the human resources planning procedure to address human resource shortages. The article underlines that another important aspect of strategy formulation is the international human resources strategy, which addresses the human resources issue of transferring them to the state as a result of international alliances. Consideration of the practice of applying international alliances has revealed the relationship between international company strategies and human resource planning, as there may be major differences in approaches to human resource management. Factors affecting the level of integration, which include industry differences, shifts in economic activity, technology change, and changing demographics, are considered. Finally, human resources managers must develop the personal skills necessary to participate in formulating a strategy.

The main purpose of the research is to examine the interaction of electronic library sites as an elements of the information resource management system based on local and foreign experience. It consists of defining the location of electronic sites of libraries and information centers as an element of information resource management, interpreting information resources as a system, analyzing their logistics capabilities. 
 In the digital environment, place of library sites is in the management of information resources. The article examines the characteristics of electronic sites, which form the main interface structure of library systems. Predicated on the experience of specific libraries, the requirements for the use of the electronic resource database are highlighted. Information resources published on domestic and foreign electronic library sites used by academic users and general reader groups were analyzed and their relevant search capabilities were explicated. The article also examines the interaction of the Azerbaijan Diplomatic Academy-ADA Library and The US Library of Congress website with the electronic library and electronic catalog interface as an example of domestic and foreign electronic library experience.

We give a general model of partially asynchronous, distributed load-balancing algorithms for the discrete load model in parallel computers, where the processor loads are treated as non-negative integers. We prove that all load-balancing algorithms in this model are finite. This means that all load-balancing algorithms based on this model are guaranteed to reach a stable situation at a certain time (which depends on the particular algorithm) at which no load will be sent from one processor to another. With an additional assumption, we prove that the largest load difference between any two processors, in the final stable situation of the load-balancing algorithms in this model, is upper-bounded by the diameter of the topology.

Information policy in managing information resources is considered important components in the information governance framework. However, the body of information management policy within the structure of the organizations remains less established for. This scenario could have been attributed to the lack of study in this area and, which has created voids in practical, methodological and theoretical understanding of information policy, particularly in relation to the management of information resources in organizations. The organizational information policy can be best understood from the manner it is operated in the actual environments, this suggests the case study is best suited as the research approach. Formal and informal initiatives adopted by organizations in managing their information resources, together with people and information technology resources, particularly on the creation, storage, use and dissemination of information should be examined to determine and to derive natures of information policy and how it has developed and impacted information management in organizations.

Practitioners of information resource management (IRM) and information studies educators should form a partnership. The partnership will advance research, education, and practice in several areas critical to the success of IRM. These critical success areas focus around the central principle of IRM, managing information resources to support the strategic direction of the organization. The partnership will also benefit information studies researchers and educators by widening opportunities for applied research and by opening possibilities for employment of information studies graduates. © 1988 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Local governments and IRM: Policy emerging from practice

This article presents the results of information technology management audits conducted by senior executives at ten healthcare organizations. The audits evaluated how well the following seven information technology management responsibilities were carried out: (1) strategic information systems planning; (2) employment of a user focus in system development; (3) recruiting of competent personnel; (4) information systems integration; (5) protection of information security and confidentiality; (6) employment of effective project management in system development; and (7) post-implementation evaluation of information systems. The audit results suggest that most of these responsibilities are being met to a considerable extent by a majority of the organizations studied. However, substantial variation across organizations was noted. Executives participating in the study were able to define areas in which the management of information resources in their organizations was in need of attention. The audit process encourages senior management to provide the leadership required to ensure that information technology is used to maximum advantage.