Do Blended Learning and Autonomous Learning Affect EFL Students’ Writing Achievement? Insight from Indonesia

The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of online learning and blended learning on developing students' self-regulation at Umm Al-Qura University, using gender and specialization variables. The research sample consisted of 376 students at Umm Al-Qura University in the academic year 2021–2022. According to the instructional type, the research sample was divided into the following main branches: Blended learning: 233 students dealt with blended courses, and online learning: 143 students dealt with online courses. A self-regulation questionnaire was developed to collect the required data from the study sample. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were ensured. The findings of the study revealed that blended learning is more effective in developing students' self-regulation than online learning. Blended learning is more effective in developing male students' self-regulation compared to online learning. The effectiveness of blended and online learning on female students' self-regulation is equal. Blended learning is more effective in developing practical major students' self-regulation compared with online learning. It was observed that the effect of blended and online learning on theoretical major students' self-regulation is equal. The study findings enrich the understanding of the effect of both blended learning and online learning in developing learning outcomes. In addition, these findings may help decision-makers and stakeholders at higher education institutions to provide all available means for embedding blended courses in instructional systems.

Nowadays blended learning, which mixes online instruction with traditional classroom instruction, is quickly becoming a crucial educational tool. This study investigates the effectiveness of blended learning in improving language proficiency among students learning English as a second language (ESL) in Selangor. By examining both language proficiency gains and student experiences, the study seeks to ascertain if blended learning can increase ESL students' language proficiency in Selangor. 110 students from various programs participated in the study, which included a variety of techniques to measure development. Language exams were administered both before and after a year of blended learning, and some students' experiences were explored through interviews. The outcomes demonstrated that following a year of blended learning, pupils' language proficiency increased dramatically. Students felt more involved, supported, and grateful for the blended learning approach's flexibility, according to interviews. On the other hand, technological difficulties underscored the necessity of dependable infrastructure and continuous assistance. This study shows that blended learning can successfully raise the language proficiency of ESL students in Selangor. It also offers educators and policymakers insightful information on how blended learning can raise student support and involvement. Although the results show promise, the study highlights how crucial robust technology support is. Future research should look into the long-term effects of blended learning as well as the role of certain digital tools in different educational contexts.

Following the global COVID-19 outbreak, blended learning (BL) has received increasing attention from educators. The purpose of this study was: (a) to develop a measurement to evaluate the effectiveness of blended learning for undergraduates; and (b) to explore the potential association between effectiveness with blended learning and student learning outcomes. This research consisted of two stages. In Stage I, a measurement for evaluating undergraduates' blended learning perceptions was developed. In Stage II, a non-experimental, correlational design was utilized to examine whether or not there is an association between blended learning effectiveness and student learning outcomes. SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 23.0 were utilized to implement factor analysis and structured equation modeling. The results of the study demonstrated: (1) The hypothesized factors (course overview, course objectives, assessments, 1148 class activities, course resources, and technology support) were aligned as a unified system in blended learning. (2) There was a positive relationship between the effectiveness of blended learning and student learning outcomes. Additional findings, explanations, and suggestions for future research were also discussed in the study.

The COVID-19 pandemic situation has impacted the entire education system, especially universities, and brought a new phase in education, “blended learning.” The objective of the research was to study the relationship of eight independent factors: e-learning environment, e-learning facilitation, e-learning materials, e-learning technical support, instructors’ personal attention, interaction with instructors, interaction with peer students, and laboratory learning environment, in the provision of effective blended learning in higher education during COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, an extended relationship of gender and level of course with the effective blended learning was studied. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with the students of higher education institutions in the Kingdom of Bahrain, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, with a self-administered questionnaire aimed to learn the students’ perception of blended learning. All levels of undergraduate and postgraduate students took part in the study with a sample size of 1229. Ultimately, this study used a Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) approach to find the positive relationship between the effective blended learning and the eight independent variables and two mediating variables in the higher education sector. The study results portrayed a positive relationship between the eight independent variables and blended learning effectiveness in higher education institutions. The findings revealed that there is a difference in the students' perception of gender, level of the course, and the effectiveness of blended learning in the HEIs. The research offers guidance to governing bodies, administrators, and teachers of HEIs in decision-making and improves their actions to provide the best teaching and learning through blended learning. HEIs need to focus on the study results to enhance blended learning effectiveness based on e-learning environment, e-learning facilitation, e-learning materials, e-learning technical support, instructors’ personal attention, interaction with instructors, interaction with peer students, and laboratory learning environment. Also, since there is a significant difference between the gender, level of the course, and blended learning, providing blended learning based on gender and level of the course needs to be concentrated on by the higher education institutions.

Learning environment has always been traditionally associated with the physical presence of classrooms, textbooks, pen-and-paper examinations and teachers. However, today's evolving technology has rapidly changed the face of education. Online learning, teleconferencing, internet, Computer Assisted Learning (CAL), Web-Based Distance Learning (WBDL) and other technologies are integrated in education. This blended learning environment has become the major role in training and education scene. This paper focuses on a set of quantitative data pertaining to the perception of blended learning, attitude towards technology, effectiveness and efficiency of blended learning by using path analysis. Data were drawn from a group of business students who were engaged in blended learning environment. This study intends to find out the effectiveness and efficiency of blended learning in Malaysia tertiary institutions. The empirical results confirm that blended learning does enhance student's learning experience and learning outcomes.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the application of blended learning on student motivation, student characteristics, and student interaction. The method used in this study is comparative quantitative by comparing the final grades of students before and during the covid-19 pandemic as supporting data. The population in this study were all students of classes XI and XII with a total sample of 218 students with a sample of 160 students taken using purposive sampling. Furthermore, the data collection technique was carried out by distributing questionnaires using google form media. And analyzed using content analysis. The results showed that there was a significant difference in students' final grades as evidence of the effectiveness of applying blended learning compared to face-to-face classes for mathematics, English, and Indonesian subjects; There is no significance between student characteristics and the effectiveness of blended learning; No significance between student interaction and the effectiveness of blended learning; There is a significance between learning motivation and the effectiveness of blended learning.

This research is a type of research (action research), aimed at collecting data on whether blended learning with the home visit method can increase learning activities and gross motor skills of group B. The formulation of the problems in this study is: 1) whether blended learning with the method home visit can improve children's gross motor skills? 2) Can blended learning with the home visit method increase children's learning activities? 3) How is the blended learning process learning with the home visit method can improve gross motor skills and learning activities of children in group B? Based on the findings of action research (action research), 1) the researchers drew the conclusion that blended learning with the home visit method can increase learning activities and gross motor skills of group B students. Students' gross motor skills in cycle 1 by 25%, cycle 2 by 30%, and in cycle 3 it increases to 75%. 2) while in student learning activities cycle 1 by 25%, cycle 2 by 40%, and in cycle 3 it increases to 80%. The blended learning process with the home visit method that has been implemented properly and proven to be the right alternative can improve the ability of children's learning activities and gross motor skills in group B. The effectiveness of blended learning can be seen from the increase in children's learning activities in each cycle and gross motor skills.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adopting a Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) as primary supplementary material in blended learning classroom on Taiwanese university EFL learners’ English proficiency levels. The study utilized pre- and post-tests of English proficiency, specifically the Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC) by Educational Testing Service (ETS), learners’ learning experience and learners’ satisfaction. In this study, thirty EFL learners at a private university in Northern Taiwan participated in a year-long paired-group study, first under blended learning environment while adopting a MOOC as primary supplementary material and followed by traditional face-to-face learning, with each learning mode lasting one semester. All participants were computer science and information engineering majors with intermediate English proficiency based on university placement exams. During the first semester (Fall 2013), consists of EFL learning via the blended mode of teaching, which partially incorporates student-centered learning utilizing Coursera education platform. While The second semester (Spring 2014), traditional learning mode the course is comprised of EFL instruction in the traditional way, i.e., teacher-fronted instruction and in-class assignments with textbook materials. Several scholars have suggested that instead of replacing courses at higher education institutions, blended learning with the asynchronous distance learning capabilities of MOOCs could enhance the course content and increase learning proficiency. This paper investigated on such exploration, wherein implementing the online learning experience into English for specific purposes (ESP) course at a private university in Northern Taiwan. This research explained to further understand the implications of blended learning at the tertiary education level in Taiwan. The investigator sought a comprehensive approach to the examination of the blended learning model by utilizing three different sections: students’ learning progress, student’s’ learning satisfaction and students’ learning perspectives. Within-group comparison of the students’ mean scores of the pre- and post-test examinations provided the quantitative assessment of learning progress, while open-ended questionnaire responses and interviews provided the qualitative data comprising the students’ perspective. This research provided a blended learning approach whereby there was a mixture of face-to-face and online learning activities where students would integrate the information and data gathered from both platforms to improve on their learning techniques. The result revealed that the improvement of academic performance and learning satisfaction was attributed to the fact that with the MOOCs assistance, students could study their course materials at their own pace and designated time either at home or in their dormitory rooms. Blending MOOC technology integrates synchronous and asynchronous learning tools that transform and improve the education system and provide room for enforcing learners’ active, autonomous, collaborative, interactive and effective learning techniques.

Blended learning is a continuously developing and extending concept, which has been the hot topic of educational technology. With the development of information technology, the network environment has become one of the important environments for learners to study. Autonomous learning and collaborative learning, which are based on network environment, will become indispensable ways of future learning. This paper analyzes the basic theory of blended learning, discusses the meaning and relationship of autonomous learning and collaborative learning, and analyzes the advantages of autonomous and collaborative learning brought by network. Then with teaching practice, this paper builds a web-based autonomous and collaborative teaching model under blended learning. Finally, the paper gives a detailed description in designing teaching process, module structure, functions and system architecture of web-based autonomous and collaborative teaching model. The analysis shows that applying this model to course teaching has some influence and practical significance to enrich and improve the teaching pattern.

The problem of the research lies in the process of learning to perform the stages of fast break and refereeing skills is one of the important topics in handball, especially for students of the college of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, third stage. It is one of the difficult tasks that students suffer from, as it includes planning exercises with group work in most of them, which requires deep cognitive and practical aspects so that the student can acceptably perform them.

This study investigates the effect of blended learning on the development of clause combining as an aspect of the acquisition of written discourse by Jordanians who are learning English as a foreign language. Sixty participants majoring in English language at the University of Jordan took part in this study. The participants were divided into treatment and control groups, and the experimental design of a pretest and posttest was employed to test the effectiveness of blended learning on the ability of these participants to combine clauses in English using parataxis or subordination through a writing task. The results reveal that the treatment group outperformed their control group counterpart on the posttest in terms of verb morphology, distinguishing between nucleus and subordinate clauses, use of parataxis, use of subordinate clauses for temporal reference and to structure information, among others. The results also show that the use of technological devices improved students' attitudes to learning clause combining and made the learning process easier and more enjoyable. We suggest that blended learning develops the techniques of clause combining by learners of English as a foreign language, which in turn enhances their discourse knowledge in the target language and positively affects their ability to package information.

Background: With the rapid development of healthcare, traditional teaching has been unable to meet the learning needs of hospital staff training, which has led to talent development. With the development of Internet technology, blended learning seems to be a new available choice to solve the current predicament. However, the effectiveness of blended learning is still controversial. In addition, most studies have primarily evaluated the teaching effect unilaterally. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to apply a meta-synthesis approach to synthesize research on blended learning models for talent development in healthcare settings. By examining a body of evidence from peer-reviewed studies, the authors aimed to identify common elements of effective blended learning models applied to hospital employee training. This synthesis provided a foundation for developing a comprehensive blended learning model tailored to the specific needs of hospital employees. Methods: In this study, the meta-synthesis approach was used to synthesize qualitative evidence in relation to blended learning factors in talent development. A comprehensive search strategy was used to retrieve articles from ScienceDirect, Emerald, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus within 1990 to 2023. To find additional studies, the bibliographic search of included studies and review articles and a random search in Google Scholar, Research Gate, and Google were carried out. A total of 751 studies were identified. After reviewing the full text of the articles, 89 studies were selected. This review evaluated studies that explained blended learning and talent development among healthcare employees. Eighty-six studies were selected and included in the meta-synthesis process after critical appraisal using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program. Results: The findings consisted of the model’s dimensions, components, and indices. The five identified dimensions include specifying learning needs, learning campaign elements, learning proposal, content strategy, and facilitation model consisting of 22 components and 76 indices. Conclusions: The identification and application of the obtained components will allow the policymakers and managers of the health system field to replace the traditional training of employees with blended learning, culminating in employee talent development.

This study examined the effect of blended learning through meaning-focused input and output activities on learning collocations. The participants were 124 EFL learners selected from an initial pool of 162 participants, based on their performance on an Oxford Placement Test. The 124 learners were divided into four groups consisting of a conventional group (N=32), a blended group (N=28), a meaning-focused input group (N=33), and a meaning-focused output group (N=31). A collocations test was given to the four groups as a pretest. Then, the first group received the face-to-face conventional treatment. The second group was exposed to blended learning. The third group was treated with meaning-focused input activities in a blended learning environment. The last group was given meaning-focused output activities in a blended learning environment. After the treatment, the collocations posttest was administered. The results of one-way ANOVA indicated that blended learning significantly improved EFL learners’ collocational knowledge. Moreover, it was revealed that both meaning-focused input and output activities in a blended learning environment significantly enhanced EFL learners’ collocational knowledge. However, the meaning-focused output group outperformed the meaning-focused input group. The results are discussed and implications for English language teaching are presented.

Blended learning starts late but develops rapidly in China owing to the advancement of information technology. In the last decade, researches on blended learning have drawn much attention in the field of interdisciplinary education and have become relatively mature. International Trade Practice Course, one of optional courses for English majors, features as systematization and practicality with the aim of cultivating cross-disciplined and multiple talents. Nevertheless, the practical requirements of the course are hard to fulfill due to the limitation and restriction of the traditional teaching method. The emergence and promotion of video blogs provide a new approach for blended learning that makes up for the deficiency of unitary teaching method. This paper intends to study the status quo and the effect of blended learning using video blogs in international trade practice course. By using the methods of questionnaire, field trip and interview, the author collected the effective data and information in order to offer some rational suggestions on blended learning in second language learning.

BackgroundThe blended teaching mode, which combines online and offline learning, has gained significant traction in higher education. This study aims to explore the impact of blended learning on students’ academic performance, engagement, and self-efficacy in a medical nutrition course.MethodsA mixed-method research design was employed, involving 110 undergraduate students enrolled in a blended learning medical nutrition course and a control group of 93 students from a traditional learning environment. Data collection included academic performance assessments, semi-structured interviews, and an anonymous questionnaire. Quantitative data were analyzed using t-tests and chi-square tests, while qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis.ResultsStudents in the blended learning group demonstrated significantly higher self-efficacy, particularly in organizing their study plans, participating in interactive learning activities, and applying course knowledge. Academic performance was notably better in collaborative assessments, such as group discussions and exploratory projects, in the blended learning group compared to the control group. Qualitative analysis revealed that students appreciated the flexibility and engagement offered by the blended learning model, although they also faced challenges related to self-discipline and the learning environment.ConclusionsThe blended learning approach enhances student engagement, self-efficacy, and collaborative skills, particularly in group-based assessments. While students benefit from the flexibility and richness of learning resources, challenges related to self-discipline and learning environments need to be addressed to optimize the effectiveness of blended learning.