Do We Remember Much from Television News?

It is widely assumed that British voters obtain a considerable amount of their political information from television and that television news plays an important part in shaping their political and economic perceptions. This study uses an experimental research design to assess the extent to which the political perceptions of a sample of 1125 UK voters tested during the 1997 general election campaign were affected by and party images presented in television news programmes. As well as being of intrinsic importance to debates about the effects of television news, this focus on positive and negative news has more than passing relevance for the kinds of campaigning that political parties adopt. The evidence reported in the paper shows that voters' views about the political parties can be swayed quite markedly by the content of television news. In particular, the analysis indicates that news images exert far more powerful effects on voters' perceptions than news.

This study describes the patterns of television (TV) viewers’ assessment of news program credibility by utilizing secondary data from a survey of 1,100 Metro Manila respondents. Through principal component analyses and multiple regressions, the survey reveals that certain attributes of newscasters/reporters, interviewed sources, and news content/programming are significantly associated with three dimensions of news program credibility— competence, trustworthiness, and goodwill. It also finds that viewers within specific demographic attributes tend to give high credibility ratings for TV news programs. Implications on TV news broadcasting in the Philippines are discussed.

Television news is an important medium to convey information to masses. This motivates several stakeholders to monitor and analyze the news broadcasts. Segmentation of streaming broadcast into programs and stories is a necessary first step for such analysis. Television news producers use predefined and unique presentation styles to create the channel content. Presentation styles vary with program and news story category, broadcast time, targeted audience etc. This motivated us to use presentation styles as features for segmenting news broadcasts. We propose a novel approach for characterization of spatio-temporal presentation styles. This involves characterization of spatial styles using a set of (presentation style specific) semantic shot categories derived from LSCOM-Lite Ontology. We also identify features and classifiers to automate the process of shot labeling for spatial style characterization. Further, the temporal presentation styles of shots are modeled using conditional random fields. This spatio-temporal modeling of presentation styles is used for segmenting the broadcast into programs and stories. We have also contributed a 360 hours broadcast video dataset acquired from three Indian English news channels with ground-truth marked semantic shot categories, program genres and story boundaries. Experimentations on this dataset have shown the utility of our proposal for news broadcast video segmentation.

The aim of the article is investigating and analysing current trends in changes and development of media consumption caused by Russia's aggression against Ukraine, identifying its main problematic aspects and prospects. Analyses results. The article is underlining the basic trends of media consumption in Ukraine during the war and compares them with the pre-war period, i.e., the way in which people interact with different forms of media, such as television, the Internet, print publications and radio. Understanding these trends is important for media companies, advertisers, and policymakers, as it can help to fulfil decisions about content creation and distribution, as well as advertising strategies. Recent years have seen a shift in media consumption habits, with more and more people turning to digital platforms for news and entertainment. The emergence of streaming services, social networks and mobile devices has significantly affected traditional media consumption models. This has led to the decline of traditional forms of media such as newspapers and television and the rise of online news sources and video streaming platforms. In Ukraine, television is the most popular form of media. According to polls, in 2020, more than 80% of the population watches TV every day. The Internet is also becoming increasingly popular, with over 60% of the population using it regularly. The use of print media, such as newspapers and magazines, is declining. It is worth noting that media consumption habits may vary by region, age, and other factors, so the data may not be representative of all groups in Ukraine. Ukraine is witnessing an increase in Internet consumption and the use of social media. Online television and video services, as well as messengers and mobile applications, are also popular. Local information resources and media are also widely favored in Ukraine. In the future, audience measurement will increasingly move towards a more holistic model in line with the fragmented and growing system of audiovisual components, technologies and services that work together to create audiovisual experiences for users. The main purpose of using all types of information sources is to receive news about the situation in Ukraine. Thus, from 72 to 82% indicated this purpose for the top sources. Conventionally (because they are intertwined with other content and news), international news is in second place (47% overall), and local news (from their city or village - 35% overall) is in third place. Only in 15.5% of cases, the respondents' goal was to be entertained or distracted. However, the war has resulted in restrictions on the free flow of information, primarily through hostile and false web resources, telegram and other channels, censorship and propaganda. This means that people have limited access to diverse and independent news sources, which affects the quality and reliability of the information they receive. To some extent, this protects against the negative informational impact of unacceptable realistic information. In addition, in times of war, the government restricts access to certain hostile types of media, such as social media, to control the narrative and prevent the spread of information that could be harmful to national interests. Conclusions and directions for further research. War has a significant impact on media consumption, both in terms of the content consumed and the way it is consumed. During the war, Ukrainians increasingly turn to news sources for information about the situation at the front and the course of events. This leads to an increase in media consumption related to news content and channels such as television news programs, news websites and radio news broadcasts, social media (Telegram channels, YouTube channels, etc.). Also, in the areas where the fighting is ongoing, people have limited access to any form of media due to the lack of infrastructure, security and displacement issues. In general, the war has had a very significant impact on media consumption, both in terms of the content consumed and the way it is consumed, and has led to restrictions on access to diverse and independent news sources, censorship, and propaganda. The change in content and consumption vector has led to changes in preferences and consumer preferences. Therefore, it is important to further observe and study media consumption trends.

In this paper, we present a schema for content-based analysis of broadcast news video. First, we separate commercials from news using audiovisual features. Then, we automatically organize news programs into a content hierarchy at various levels of abstraction via effective integration of video, audio, and text data available from the news programs. Based on these news video structure and content analysis technologies, a TV news video Library is generated, from which users can retrieve definite news story according to their demands.

Busby, L. & Parker, D. (1984). The Art and Science of Radio. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Bittner, J.R. (1985). Broadcasting and Telecommunication: An Introduction. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Cohler, D.K. (1985). Broadcast Journalism: A Guide for the Presentation of Radio and Television News. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Smith, M. (1985). Radio, TV &. Cable: A Telecommunications Approach. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Stephens, M. (1986). Broadcast News. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. O'Donnell, L.B., Hausman, C. & Benoit, P. (1987). Announcing: Broadcast communicating today. California: Wadsworth

We studied competitive behavior within Danish network television news to determine differences between broadcasts of the government-funded, public network and the commercially funded, private network. Denmark offers a unique opportunity to study the effect of competition and commercialism on national television news broadcasts because the country had a state monopoly television network until 1988, when a commercial network was introduced. Results reveal there is differentiation between the news broadcasts, but we argue that competition has not had deleterious effects on content but, conversely, has resulted in improvements in the content of state television.

Shot segmentation and categorization is one of the most important and primary steps in building efficient and well sorted video storage and retrieval system. News video story segmentation and commercial detection surely deserve special attention for creation of a well-categorized system as different types of news are being broadcast over a variety of news channels in television. However, in order to garner more viewers, different news channels use different spatial and temporal structures for broadcasting news. Keeping this approach in mind, we present an unsupervised method for shot detection, and subsequently, commercial and news shots are classified. The proposed method does not depend on different temporal and spatial structures adopted by different news channels, and our method needs significantly less number of manual parameters.

This experiment investigated the effects of television news frames on (1) audience interpretations of a political issue, (2) the salience of news frames versus other information in the story, and (3) support for future policy. A sample of 145 adults watched an experimental television news bulletin produced in cooperation with reporters and editors at a national television news program about the enlargement of the European Union. A news story was manipulated to reflect a conflict frame or an economic consequences frame. The two frames provide direction to the audience's thoughts about the issue but do not yield different levels of policy support. Frames in the news are as important as core facts in a news story when citizens conceive of a political issue.

Media coverage of political actors and debates is a crucial avenue for voters to learn about political parties and their policies. However, nowadays party-media agenda-setting is increasingly shaped by large-scale transformations and the fragmentation of political communication across various party channels (e.g., press releases, social media, speeches) and media types (e.g., newspapers, television, online news), potentially affecting the provision of political information. This article examines these dynamics using large-scale textual data from political parties ( n = 17,677) and media outlets ( n = 90,531) published in the run-up to the Austrian national election in 2019. Building on the measurement of text similarity with state-of-the-art transformer-based models and multiverse analysis, we investigate the success of party messages from press releases, parliamentary speeches, Facebook and Twitter making it into important national newspapers, online news sites as well as television and radio news programs. The article shows that the variety in party channels and media outlets—with their distinct characteristics, modalities, and (technological) affordances—create different flows of information between the parties and the media. Press releases remain crucial tools for parties to get their messages into the media, while social media and parliamentary speeches also matter, albeit with varying effects by party. We also find that online news is more receptive to party messages than print, television, or radio news. Despite these differences, journalistic gate-keeping consistently favors large and government parties across all media types. These findings underscore the need for nuanced research into the interaction between party communication channels and media outlets in contemporary democracies.

We propose a method for discriminating between a speech shot and a narrated shot to extract genuine speech shots from a broadcast news video. Speech shots in news videos contain a wealth of multimedia information of the speaker, and could thus be considered valuable as archived material. In order to extract speech shots from news videos, there is an approach that uses the position and size of a face region. However, it is difficult to extract them with only such an approach, since news videos contain non-speech shots where the speaker is not the subject that appears in the screen, namely, narrated shots. To solve this problem, we propose a method to discriminate between a speech shot and a narrated shot in two stages. The first stage of the proposed method directly evaluates the inconsistency between a subject and a speaker based on the co-occurrence between lip motion and voice. The second stage of the proposed method evaluates based on the intra- and inter-shot features that focus on the tendency of speech shots. With the combination of both stages, the proposed method accurately discriminates between a speech shot and a narrated shot. In the experiments, the overall accuracy of speech shots extraction by the proposed method was 0.871. Therefore, we confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method.

In this chapter, an interactive framework is developed to enable personalized news video recommendation and allow news seekers to access large-scale news videos more effectively. First, multiple information sources (audio, video and closed captions) are seamlessly integrated and synchronized to achieve more reliable news topic detection, and the inter-topic contextual relationships are extracted automatically for characterizing the interestingness of the news topics more effectively. Second, topic network (i.e., news topics and their inter-topic contextual relationships) and hyperbolic visualization are seamlessly integrated to achieve more effective navigation and exploration of large-scale news videos at the topic level, so that news seekers can have a good global overview of large-scale collections of news videos at the first glance. Through a hyperbolic approach for interactive topic network visualization and navigation, large amounts of news topics and their contextual relationships are visible on the display screen, and thus news seekers can obtain the news topics of interest interactively, build up their mental search models easily and make better search decisions by selecting the visible news topics directly. Our system can also capture the search intentions of news seekers implicitly and further recommend the most relevant news videos according to their importance and representativeness scores. Our experiments on large-scale news videos (10 TV news programs for more than 3 months) have provided very positive results.KeywordsAutomatic Speech RecognitionHyperbolic PlaneVideo ShotNews ProgramTopic NetworkThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Stress is a well-known trigger for primary headache yet its impact is difficult to demonstrate in large epidemiological studies. Israeli national TV news is often referred to as the “tribal fire”, as many Israelis watch national news coverage following terror attacks or military operations. We examined the association between exposure to television news and their content with headache related Emergency Department visits. This retrospective cohort study included data on daily Emergency Department visits with a chief complaint of headache in Soroka University Medical Center, during 2002–2012. Data on daily television news viewership ratings were obtained from the Israeli Audience Research Board and its content from Channel 2 headlines, the highest rated TV news program. To estimate the short-term effects of news rating during the evening news on the number of daily headache visits, we applied generalized linear mixed models. 16,693 Emergency Department visits were included in the analysis. An increase in five units of daily rating percentages was associated with increase in Emergency Department visits the following day, relative risk (RR) = 1.032, (95% CI 1.014–1.050). This association increased with the age of the patients; RR = 1.119, (95% CI 1.075–1.65) for older than 60-year-old, RR = 1.044 (95% CI 1.010–1.078) for ages 40–60 and RR = 1.000 (95% CI 0.977–1.023) for younger than 40-year-old. We did not find a specific content associated with ED visit for headache. Higher television news ratings were associated with increased incidence of Emergency Department headache related visits. We assume that especially among older persons, news viewership ratings provide an indirect estimate of collective stress, which acts as a headache trigger for susceptible subjects.

This paper reports on an investigation of the abilities of literates and adult nonreaders to recall and use information from a national network television news program. On a test of unaided recall of news stories the literates recalled 55% more stories than the nonreaders. On a multiple-choice test of information gain from the news program, the literates performed 63% better than the nonreaders. The samples were found to be virtually identical in their use of and opinions about television news. A control group of college students was given the information test without first seeing the news program and did no better than chance. The most important factor affecting recall was the length of time the story was on the air. Human interest stories were recalled much better by both groups than any other type of story. The level of performance among the adult nonreaders correlated highly with their reading levels.

A survey of a Midwestern community supported a public health model of crime reporting and found respondents saying media pay too much attention to crime. Respondents provided modest support for cultivation theory, with no differences found for effects of newspapers and television. Violence is popular in America. It is ubiquitous. It leads to boffo box office. It is a popular topic in political campaigns. It is a cheap and easy way to sell newspapers or bump up ratings. This paper seeks to address sociological effects of violence in media, to discuss how violence is generally covered by news media on a level, to assess feelings of residents of a Midwestern university town regarding news coverage and analyze survey results from both cultivation effects and public health reporting perspectives. Violence in media Violence in media is a longstanding issue. In early research, George Gerbner noted violence in 66 percent of approximately 3,000 American films produced from 1950 to 1961. He also observed, in 1950s, that more than 75 percent of television drama contained acts of violence and it predominated in 56 percent of programs. In 1967 and 1968, he recorded that 80 percent of television programming contained violent portrayals.(1) A three-year study sponsored by National Cable Television Association found that violence continues to be prevalent. Prime time broadcast programs containing violent content increased by 14 percent between 1994 and 1998 and similar content increased by 10 percent on cable stations during same time frame(1). The percentage of prime time broadcast and cable programs with violence ranged from 58 percent in year one to 61 percent in years two and three. Researchers found that a minimum of six violent incidents occur in each hour of typical violent program.(2) But violent content is not limited to entertainment programming. also is a dominant topic of news broadcasts. Paul Klite, Robert Bardwell and Jason Salzman found that crime stories consumed about a third of total time devoted to news. They found that violent crimes are most frequently aired and that though infrequent among crime types, is most commonly covered crime on television newscasts. On 56 stations, more than half crime coverage relates to murder, they wrote.(3) John McManus was interested to learn whether, in making news decisions, television news would be treated as a commodity, following an economic model, or a public service, following a journalistic model. He found that television news, in large part, was simply a regurgitation of newspaper content. This observation provides evidence that newspapers play an influential role in news agenda-setting process not only of their own organizations, but in that of broadcast news outlets as well. McManus found economic model dominated three stations he observed. There was little attention paid to innovation in news gathering.(4) Crime news is a staple of journalism, and reporting it has been considered a public duty of press. Nevertheless, Walter Jaehnig and his colleagues found newspapers emphasize relatively infrequent violent crimes.(5) A 1994 study by Center for Media and Public Affairs showed that news stories regarding crimes more than tripled between 1990 and 1994. Gerbner reported that local TV news crime reports [doubled] in past two years [1995-96].(6) Phyllis Kaniss notes that today's journalists identify strongly with power structures-city and county officers, police and fire departments, housing authorities and so forth. The news that emerges from these sources is often bad news - news of crime, indigence, health problems and so forth.(7) One study showed that newspapers in St. Louis greatly distorted reality of criminal activity. E.T. Jones found that the typical murder had slightly more than 90 times as much attention as average major crime. …