Does Prison Work for Cartelists?—The View from behind Bars

Saya ve tabandan oluşan ayakkabı, makine, gereç ve üretim tekniklerinin geliştirilmesi ile günde binlerce çift üretilebilen sanayi ürününe dönüşmüştür. Buna karşın saya yapımında halen birçok el sanatı tekniği kullanılmaktadır. Boncuk örgü tekniği bunlardan birisidir. İpliğe boncuk dizilerek ayakkabı yüz şablonuna göre tığ ile örülmesiyle saya yapılmakta, dikildikten sonra tabana monte edilerek ayakkabıya dönüştürülmektedir. Geçmişte boncuk işi olarak da isimlendirilen “hapishane işi” sayalar sipariş ile yapılmıştır. 2015 yılında Ceza İnfaz Kurumları ile Tutukevleri İş Yurtları Kurumu Ankara ili Sincan Cezaevi iş yurdunda yürütülen çalışmada, boncuk işi saya yapımının sürdürülüp sürdürülmediği aynı zamanda da daha önce örülen ürünlerin incelenerek belgeleme çalışması planlanmıştır. Adalet Bakanlığı’ndan alınan izin doğrultusunda hükümlülerle yapılan görüşmelerde boncuk işi ürünler, bu ürünlerin yapımında kullanılan araç, gereç, yapım teknikleri, ürünlerin renk ve desen özellikleri incelenmiş ancak saya örgülerine rastlanmamıştır. Bu doğrultuda, özel bir arşivde bulunan 20. Yüzyıl ortalarında yapılmış 3 çift saya; yapıldığı cezaevi, teknik, biçim, gereç, renk, motif ve kompozisyon yönünden incelenmiş, iş yurtlarında yapılan günümüz boncuk işi ürünlerle karşılaştırılmış, boncuk işi çalışmanın hükümlüler üzerinde olumlu etkileri saptanmıştır. Bu çalışmada maddi kültür ürünü hapishane işi sayalara dikkat çekmek, kaynak oluşturmak, yeniden tasarlanıp üretilmesi, tanıtılması ve kayıt altına alınması hedeflenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ayakkabı, Saya, Boncuk, Örgü, Hapishane işi. BEADWORK MAKING AT PRISONS AND PRISON WORK UPPERS Abstract The shoe consists of upper and tread, transformed into an industrial product that can be produced in thousands of units per day together with the development at machines, tools and production techniques. However, many handcraft techniques are still used at upper production. Bead knitting technique is one of those. Upper is done by lining beads to rope and being knitted with needle according to the face pattern of shoe, after being sewed, mounted to the shoe and turned into shoe. The “prison work” uppers that were named as bead work were done according to the orders. At the study performed at Confinement Facilities and Prisons Work Dormitories Ankara City Sincan Prison work dormitory at the year 2015, it was planned to determine weather production of bead work uppers continued or not and documentary work was planned by examining the previously knitted works. At the interviews performed by getting the consent of Ministry of Justice, bead work products, tools, materials used at the production of these, production techniques, color and pattern features of the products were examined but no upper knits were not seen. İn this direction, 3 pairs of uppers of a special archive that were done at the middle of 20th Century; examined as making prison, technique, form, tools, materials, color, motif and composition, they were compared with today’s bead works made at the work dormitories, positive effects of beadwork on the prisoners were determined. At this study, it was purposed to take attention on prison work uppers that are production of monetary culture, forming sources, their redesign and production, their introduction and to be taken into record. Key Words: Shoes, Upper, Bead, Knitting, Prison Work.

Overcrowding, poor conditions, and high population turnover make prisons highly susceptible to COVID-19. Vaccination is key to controlling COVID-19, yet there is disagreement regarding whether people who live and work in prisons should be prioritised in national vaccination programmes. To help resolve this, we critically examine the extent, nature, and quality of extant literature regarding prioritisation of COVID-19 vaccinations for people who live and work in prisons. Using a scoping review as our methodological framework, we conducted a systematic literature search of 17 databases. From 2,307 potentially eligible articles, we removed duplicates and screened titles and abstracts to retain 45 articles for review and quality appraisal. Findings indicated that while most countries recognise that prisons are at risk of high levels of COVID-19 transmission, only a minority have explicitly prioritised people who live and work in prisons for COVID-19 vaccination. Even among those that have, prioritisation criteria vary considerably. This is set against a backdrop of political barriers, such as politicians questioning the moral deservingness of people in prison; policy barriers, such as the absence of a unified international framework of how vaccine prioritisation should proceed in prisons; logistical barriers regarding vaccine administration in prisons; and behavioural barriers including vaccine hesitancy. We outline five strategies to prioritise people who live and work in prisons in COVID-19 vaccination plans: (1) improving data collection on COVID-19 vaccination, (2) reducing the number of people imprisoned, (3) tackling vaccine populism through advocacy, (4) challenging arbitrary prioritisation processes via legal processes, and (5) conducting more empirical research on COVID-19 vaccination planning, delivery, and acceptability. Implementing these strategies would help to reduce the impact of COVID-19 on the prison population, prevent community transmission, improve vaccine uptake in prisons beyond the current pandemic, foster political accountability, and inform future decision-making.

The research literature exploring prison work includes few studies that address the perspective of a prisoner’s needs. In this paper, we argue that adopting the lens of a thin and thick understanding of human needs (Dean, H. [2010]. Understanding Human Need. Policy Press) in the analysis of prison work could allow the development of a more critically nuanced perspective on prison work. The article is based on interviews with 14 prisoners in Belgium. The analysis indicates that, while prison work focuses primarily on addressing thin needs of people in prison, a thicker understanding of human needs is needed. Social work can play a critical role in supporting the identification and claiming of both thick and thin needs of people in detention. These processes could yield a more balanced understanding of how needs can ultimately be translated into rights.

With a majority of inmates being assigned some type of work while incarcerated, work assignments are a staple of U.S. prisons. These work assignments are likely to impact not only prisoner behavior while in prison, but also may impact their ability to obtain gainful employment after prison. Historically, it has been noted that work in prison has been influenced by gender and racial norms and stereotypes. These stereotypical assignments may not be beneficial for inmates, especially in a time when work assignments are increasingly providing the only work skills inmates may receive while incarcerated. Using a nationwide data set of prisoners incarcerated facilities, the current study uses multilevel modeling to examine the nature of work assignments for male and female state prisoners and whether these assignments are based on gender and/or racial stereotypes. Results indicate that there are indeed lingering stereotypes influencing work assignments for men and women in U.S. prisons.

Imagining More than Just a Prisoner: The Work of Prisonerss Penfriends

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Professional NewsFull AccessPrison Psychiatrists Must Overcome Barriers to Effective CareEve KupersaninEve KupersaninSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:6 Jul 2001https://doi.org/10.1176/pn.36.13.0009Lee Rome, M.D.: “It is a humbling experience to work in prisons.”Practicing psychiatry in prison is much like practicing psychiatry in a foreign country, maintains Lee Rome, M.D., clinical director of the Bureau of Mental Health Services at the Michigan Department of Community Health.“It’s a self-contained society with its own language, customs, and rituals,” said Rome, noting that the customs and rituals are usually related to security measures that can seem daunting for many psychiatrists. “Some metal detectors can be so sensitive that you’d swear they were picking up the iron in your hemoglobin.”Rome traveled to APA’s 2001 annual meeting in New Orleans in May to be part of a panel of experts discussing the most crucial issues in prison psychiatry.Rome said he has seen unresolved issues relating to dependency or control emerge in practitioners unprepared for what can seem to them to be degrading practices. “It is a humbling experience to work in prisons,” said Rome, “and I have seen psychiatrists leave the prison setting for good because they have been narcissistically injured from having to surrender their wallet or be patted down.”Countertransference is perhaps the most significant issue in prison psychiatry, according to Rome.Psychiatrists often have emotional reactions that mirror the patient’s behavior and interpersonal style, Rome noted. He explained that they can serve as a barrier to appropriate diagnosis and treatment if acted out by the psychiatrist, or an opportunity to better understand the patient’s issues if appreciated as important clinical information.In a prison setting, some prison patients may seem threatening to the psychiatrist, and others may appear helpless. The psychiatrist may feel fearful of the prisoner who seems threatening or may have fantasies of rescuing the patient who seems helpless, according to Rome. The psychiatrist may then unconsciously act out in a punitive manner toward the patient or in a way that inappropriately appeases the patient, Rome pointed out.“If that happens,” said Rome, “the therapist can unconsciously withhold or provide treatment that isn’t clinically indicated. This, of course, can interfere with an objective diagnosis and treatment of behaviorally disordered prisoners,” said Rome.He suggested that due to countertransference, it is possible for psychiatrists to “criminalize mentally ill behavior or medicalize criminal or antisocial behavior,” said Rome.The prison psychiatrist must determine whether the prisoner’s maladaptive behavior relates to an underlying major mental disorder, which should respond to medication or psychotherapy, or is linked to personality disorders that don’t respond to psychiatric treatment, or both, said Rome.In one instance, for example, the psychiatrist can misinterpret maladaptive behavior as an antisocial personality disorder when its underlying cause is a major mental illness—and then the patient doesn’t get the appropriate treatment. Instead the prisoner is placed in administrative segregation as a punitive measure, Rome noted.In contrast, he said, if the psychiatrist places a psychiatric diagnosis on behavior that is purely predatory, narcissistic, and antisocial, obvious problems are created.“The prisoner may be placed on a mental health unit [in the prison], and the antisocial behavior will continue—the prisoner won’t respond to medical treatment and may assault staff and mentally ill prisoners on the unit,” said Rome.He noted that when the psychiatrist steps back from emotional reactions toward the prisoner such as fear, anger, and punitive feelings, he or she will be more effective at sorting out personality-disordered behavior from the elements of an Axis I major mental disorders.Rome also focused on populations in prisons that need special treatment considerations. These include suicidal prisoners, prisoners who self-mutilate, women, juveniles, and prisoners with developmental disabilities.Jeffrey Metzner, M.D., talks about the importance of discharge planning when treating inmates who have a mental illness.Another panel member, forensic psychiatrist Jeffrey Metzner, M.D., emphasized the importance of post-release planning for the inmate.Metzner, who is chair of APA’s Council on Psychiatry and Law and president of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, said, “Discharge planning is an essential component of mental health treatment of the inmate.” He added that the extent of discharge-planning services provided to the inmate needs to be adjusted to the nature and severity of the inmate’s mental illness and his or her ability to function independently after release.Metzner noted that key obstacles to an inmate’s effective transition into the community after release are homelessness, symptoms of mental illness, poor socialization skills, and cognitive deficits.“Adequate discharge planning includes creating a written service plan that identifies the needs of the inmate and the appropriate resources available to him or her upon release,” said Metzner. He also suggested that psychiatrists refer inmates to community-based mental health services and provide inmates with a temporary supply of medication when clinically appropriate. ▪ ISSUES NewArchived

Suicide prevention is a major challenge for penal institutions in many countries. The traditional approach relies on the expertise of health professionals and is supplemented by the intervention of other professionals and the inmates themselves. New methods of suicide prevention based on peer support have been developed in recent years. Peer prevention programs rely on the ability of inmates to identify suicide risk. This study examines perceived suicide risk among inmates and explores possible explanations. 54 inmates and 17 professionals working in prisons responded to a questionnaire. The peer prevention program was found to change inmates' expectations of support in the event of a suicide crisis. The study also found that the inmates involved in the program tended to underestimate the risk of suicide. The perception of the prevention program and the level of self-consciousness were found to account for the underestimation of suicide risk. Support for inmates involved in suicide prevention programs must take into account their isolation in prison. The training provided to inmates must also consider the biases affecting the assessment of risk.

Information for the study of the level of social work in prisons was derived from a questionnaire sent in 1961 to prisons for adult offenders in 47 states and the District of Columbia. Findings indicated that only 14 of 48 state systems employed a person with an M.S.W., while 18 systems had no "social workers."

Preventing self-harm and suicide in prisoners: job half done

Types and Places of Convicts’ Prison Work in the Russian Federation and Abroad

Can individuals be reformed or rehabilitated in the prison? A persistent body of work indicates that rehabilitation and/or reformation through incarceration is illusory. Exceptions, according to this view, are the result of accident, not design. For many practitioners in corrections systems, the incarceration of criminals is a .fact. and the task of prisons is to isolate, deter, and punish and only then, perhaps reform the criminal. In .Can Prison Work?. Stephen Duguid contends that both critics and defenders of incarceration have erred in making the prisoner the object rather than the subject of their discourse; the critics see prisoners as victims of a monstrous institution and the defenders view them as incorrigibles persuaded only by coercion or manipulation. Duguid begins by reviewing the philosophical and cultural contexts that led to the idea of .curing. criminals (in addition to deterring crime) through treatment and incarceration, presenting diverse historical commentaries from Plato and Socrates to former inmates. The two dominant approaches to modern corrections are also discussed, the one based on sociology and the one based on psychology - the latter being seen as responsible for the rise in the twentieth century of a medicalized approach to corrections. It was the collapse of this 'medical' model (in the 1970s) that created possibilities for innovative approaches in penology and four of these approaches are examined in some depth. Focusing on prisons with broadly conceived educational programs organized by people from outside the field of corrections, Duguid describes how programs in Canada, England, Scotland, and the United States were successful largely because the relationship with prisoner-students was built around notions of reciprocity, mutual respect, and individual development. Empirical data from an extensive follow-up study of the Canadian program is presented as evidence of the potential success using these kinds of approaches. In each of these cases, however, these programs, others like them, were eventually terminiated by prison authorities. The book concludes with the exploration of the tension between prison systems and outsiders engaged with programs within prisons. It argues against the re-emergence of a new medical model in favour of more humane - and human - approaches to individual change and reformation. Winner of the Harold Adams Innis Prize, awarded by the Canadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences

This chapter focuses on the theory behind what makes people stop offending, the concept of ‘desistance’. The key elements of desistance theory and how prison can either help or hinder that process will be discussed. The processes of release, resettlement and recall will be explored with a focus on the legislative framework that enables them to take place accompanied by a discussion of some of the practical challenges faced in their undertaking. This will include a brief discussion of the Parole Board, a much under-explored area of the CJS. The chapter also introduces the challenging notion of assessing whether prison works and how we might go about evaluating this. It explores different ways of assessing whether prison works or not, including a discussion of reoffending rates and recidivism.

COUNTERBLAST: Real Work in Prisons?

Prison settings are complex when it comes to healthcare services. The remit of healthcare provision may be with Ministry of Health or Ministry of Justice or combination of the two. Prison staff is also composed of custodial staff, HCW working in prison and other professionals, including educators, psychologists, etc. Within prison population deprived communities are overrepresented, and individuals often have multiple and complex health needs. Yet, equivalence to care between community and prisons is upheld by UN and European Prison Rules. In order to increase VL in prison, interventions need to respond to the existing complexity, tackling individual as well as organisational levels. Within RISE-Vac, tools have been prepared to engage prison staff and prison population. Participatory approach were used to conceptualised and develop the materials. An overview of the material content and development process will be provided, with a focus on the package tailored to PLP and the engagement of people with lived experience of incarceration.

Inmate misconduct is a focal concern among those who live and work in prisons, and is committed primarily by a few offenders with discernable backgrounds. The current study examines the most prolific rule violators (the top 1 and 10%) among a large sample of inmates housed across Ohio correctional facilities. We focus on the characteristics that predict membership into these categories and whether differences in their rates of occurrence exist between males and females. Findings show more similarities than differences between groups. Implication for theory and practice are discussed, as well as suggestions for future research.