Doing Whiteness: marking discursive silence around race in an education movement

About one‐fifth of the total school population in England was recorded as having English as an Additional Language (EAL) in 2018. This paper reflects on the problems presented by the lack of a comprehensive national strategy and guidance for EAL provision, support, and training, and how these issues reveal the existence of ethnocentrism within educational policy and practice in England. The findings are based on interviews with educational staff and participant observation in schools conducted in three schools in Manchester, UK between December 2019 and February 2020 as part of the Horizon 2020 MiCREATE project. The authors question whether categorizing multilingual pupils in opposition to monolingual English speakers serves any practical purpose or merely ‘others’ these children, and they call for broader recognition of multilingualism within the national curriculum and educational practice.

When human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are framed within an intersectional approach, they have the potential to transform understandings of social justice within the curriculum and education policy and practice in general. Yet, this transformative potential is often hampered by official narratives that fail to position HIV and AIDS as an integral component of overlapping systems of oppression, domination and discrimination. This article explores how official HIV and AIDS narratives tend to promote systemic injustice and inequality within education policy and practice in both Scotland and Zimbabwe, despite their good intents. We frame our argument within a transformative education discourse which seeks to create participatory and emancipatory HIV-related messages at school, tertiary and community levels. Using a narrative enquiry design, a Foucauldian theoretical lens was used to analyse the narratives derived from key informant responses, supplemented by analysis of key documents that deal with HIV and AIDS in both Scotland and Zimbabwe. Four broad narratives emerged: the ‘Gay’ Narrative; the Migration Narrative; the Conspiracy Narrative; and the Religious Narrative. We discuss how each of these narratives entrench stigma across both developed and developing world contexts, and propose how a more intersectional interpretation would contribute to a deeper and less stigmatizing understanding of HIV, thus offering more useful insights into related policy and educational practices. This article will thus contribute to the growing body of intersectional HIV and AIDS knowledge that is relevant for schools, teacher education, public health and community settings, not only in the countries studied, but the world over.

Purpose: This article examines the state of progress of evidence-based educational policies in Europe and identifies organizations for the generation and dissemination of evidence. Further, it discusses some of the most relevant challenges facing the development of evidence-informed education policies in Europe. Design/Approach/Methods: This article analyzes official documents by the European Commission (EC) and other organizations. Literature in the field of evidence-based education worldwide is examined to identify the primary challenges and issues related to the development of a culture of evidence in Europe’s education sector. Findings: The EC has recently prioritized evidence-informed policy and practice in education, increasingly encouraging member states to utilize evidence in the policy decision-making process. According to official documents, this process began in 2006 and has since enjoyed remarkable progress through several initiatives intended to spread a culture of evidence in education. However, several challenges and issues remain regarding the promotion of evidence-informed policymaking. Originality/Value: Having prioritized evidence-informed policy and practice, the EC strongly encourages the adoption of evidence in the policymaking process. This article provides a point of reference regarding the initiatives already undertaken and the challenges facing evidence-based educational policies and policymaking in Europe.

This research aims to findout that education policy evaluation is a procedure used to assess how much aneducational policy produces results using a comparison between goals and targets with the results obtained. the procedure must be carried out at the timeof implementing the implementation of the education policy analysis, which aimsto find out how the education policy is running, whether it is running well or is experiencing obstacles, changes are needed or only improvements. In addition, the evaluation of educational policies provides clarity about the advantages and disadvantages of the applied educational policies, we can also find out all the impacts that have been caused by the education policies, whether they cause benefits or even provide losses, chaos and so on. At the management stage, the evaluation process is the last stage of the educational policy-making process that can produce information that is used to improve the education policy. The measurement of the success of educational policies is one of the most important tools in an educational policy evaluation activity that is used as a measurement of the value and benefits resulting from the implemented educational policies.

The article describes the results of a scientific study of the problem of theoretical substantiation of the problem of developing innovative practices of educational activities in universities. Monitoring the effectiveness of educational practices in universities is becoming an increasingly urgent problem. Currently, there is a need to create a bank of the best practices of educational activities. The following theories of activity, psychological theories of personality, the principle of co-existence in education, the phenomenon of readiness for activity, the theory of soft skills or flexible (or soft) skills, the theory of social relays are chosen, analyzed and substantiated as the theoretical basis of the study. As a result of the analysis of the theory of activity, we came to the conclusion that educational practices should have a purposeful and meaningful character, and the preparation of teachers for educational activities should be carried out within the framework of practice-oriented activities and modeling of educational situations. The personality structure of S.L. Rubinstein serves as a support (prototype) for determining the component composition of teachers' readiness for educational activities. Based on stable and dynamic personality characteristics identified by scientists, stable and flexible personality qualities can be identified that form the readiness of teachers for educational activities. Having analyzed the phenomenon of readiness for activity, we came to the conclusion that readiness for the implementation of educational practices presupposes activity and predisposition to it, the need for its implementation, the ability to activate the mental functions necessary for its implementation; assuming that there is a stable motivation for its implementation, as well as preadaptive abilities, the ability to project future events in educational activities. Flexible skills are a necessary element of a teacher's professional competence, ensuring the effectiveness of the implementation of educational practices. The analysis of the works devoted to the theory of social relays allowed us to conclude that they can be used as one of the effective methods of forming the value attitude of teachers to educational activities, through social relays, accumulated life experience, patterns of behavior, ideals necessary for teachers to effectively implement the practices of educational activities can be transferred. The considered psychological and pedagogical theories, concepts, works of various authors, act as a theoretical basis for the development and adaptation of educational practices at the university, are the basis for the development of a training system and a model of readiness of teachers for educational activities at the university.

Policy borrowing in the gulf cooperation council countries: Cultural scripts and epistemological conflicts

This article presents the theoretical model of biographical analysis with an emphasis on the discourse technique applied to successive stages and situations in educators-subjects’ daily experiences. Educators’ discourse media reflective of subjective orientations are analyzed as to the structure through which political and educational processes are channelled. Discourse analysis aids in locating key elements around which an educator’s identity and school-educational realities take shape. Competing and conflicting causes highlighting divisions of educators teaming up in different educational domains of interest are recorded. The paper focuses on a meta-analysis of the subject-educators as users of educational legislation and as mediators among the Ministry of Education and government (who formulates policy and legislates on the operation of schools), the educational community, and broader society which is the receptor of a specific educational policy. Educational policy is expressed by concentration on pivotal educational moments arising from legislatively expressed political discourse and then converted into educational practice in the school environment. Educational policy, as discourse, intervenes, clarifies meanings drawing on policy, the economy and culture at large, and analyzes, synthesizes and influences lawmaking by means of discourse. Biographical analysis utilizes the educators- subjects’ discourse analysis, which defines and signifies express and implied educational career experiences of educational policy micro-history. The educators- subjects’ discourse retrospectively interprets political activity, cultural events, educational stages, bringing to surface the dynamics of educational policy itself. Their discourse, as a language complex serves as building stock for working conditions, educational expectations and their own relationship with the educational environment through a momentum of successive phases. The discourse order as analysis of educational term analysis highlights structural limitations, as well as development or intervention potentialities by individuals to the educational model. This paper presents both the discourse of the educators-subjects and their written words in personal notes so that narratives of the past can be compared with analyses written while educational events were taking place. The educators-subjects’ use of pictorial context resulted in a visual record of the educational milieu, so that interrelations, identities, and situations evolving in it may be crystallized. In condensed time and space, members of the educational community provide a complex presentation their own evolution in an interactive, transcending narrative that uses effective recollection and a logical process permeated by emotional nuances. The narrative and the written word that reflect educators-subjects’ personal experiences are checked against existent files for period research so that the micro-history of educational policy may be defined as to structure and content. Biographical analysis is based on linguistics textual discourse which reproduce social political and cultural processes. Discourse is reformulated in consolidated language evolving in a dynamic educational milieu. Text analysis interprets ideological positions and theorizes on educational practices and educational policy itself. Special weight ought to be given to the interpretation by educators-subjects who reproduce social relationships and political conditions by means of their discourse practices.

Considerable research has demonstrated that teachers’ self-efficacy plays a major role in implementing instructional practices. Only few studies, however, have examined the interplay between how teachers’ self-efficacy and the challenges that lie outside their influence are related to their implementation of cognitive-activation strategies (CASs), especially in science classrooms. Using the Trends in Mathematics and Science Study 2015 data from science teachers in Grades 4, 5, 8, and 9, we explored the extent to which teachers’ self-efficacy in science teaching and the perceived time constraints explained variations in the enactment of general and inquiry-based CAS. Findings from the overall sample showed that highly self-efficacious teachers reported more frequent implementation of both general and inquiry-based CAS, whereas those who perceived strong time constraints reported a less frequent use of inquiry-based CAS. These relationships also existed across grade levels, except on the relations between perceived time constraint and inquiry-based CAS, which was only significant for the science teachers in Grade 9. We discuss these findings in light of variations in the core competencies of science curriculum, teachers’ competences, and the resources for science activities between primary and secondary education. We also point to the theoretical implications of this study for enhancing the conceptual understanding of generic and specific aspects of CAS and the practical implications for teacher education, professional development, and educational policy.

This introductory chapter addresses the complex interrelations between education policy and education practice developed under new ways of governance. It highlights education nexuses as a concept of its own right and discusses what constitutes the contemporary nexuses in education of today. Based on the cases of education nexuses presented in the volume the chapter summarizes four central characteristics of education nexuses and raise the issue of the need to re-consider how we study education policy and practice in the interface between structure and agency for the future developments in education.

Intercultural education is an educational movement that aims to ensure all students have equal learning opportunities at school and in society. Intercultural education seeks to achieve a harmonious co-existence of all these different cultural groups. In intercultural education, diversity is deconstructed, and the boundaries of power between dominant and non-dominant groups are not fixed. The research aimed to study the views of primary and secondary school teachers on implementing interculturalism of immigrant/refugee students in Greek educational policy. Qualitative research through the semi-structured interview method was chosen for the data collection. The constructed interview guide was based on the literature on migration and its theoretical framework. The participants in the research were twenty-two primary and secondary school teachers. Eight of them were males, and fourteen were females. The results showed that most primary and secondary education teachers positively approached immigrant/refugee students in Greek education. Furthermore, teachers mentioned that the Greek language is essential in the educational inclusion of students from migrant and refugee backgrounds. However, at the same time, some teachers had negative attitudes based on ethnocentric elements. The inadequately organized educational policy mediated their mentioned views. Therefore, it is more than a necessity to establish learning strategies and educational practices based on an educational approach that transcends the mainstream cultural elements, enhances multilingualism and diversity of social identities, and yet seeks to provide equal opportunities and eliminate educational exclusions from groups of the student population experiencing school failure or school marginalization.

This article considers educational theory and practice within Michaelis School of Fine Art in an era of extreme political turbulence within South Africa. It argues that the title of director Neville Dubow’s inaugural lecture, “Art and Freedom”, offers a key to the central philosophy of the school. Profoundly influenced by modernist ideals, Dubow and others regarded art as above all a sphere of freedom from workaday social responsibility and conformity: this position was reflected in the school’s educational practice, in its embrace of non-figuration, its scepticism about overtly politically-engaged art, and its primary focus on fine art rather than functional design training. Tertiary art education for black students pursued an alternative educational model, and there were increasing calls for a socially-engaged art to confront the country’s crises, but in the face of all this, Michaelis, under the directorship of Neville Dubow, maintained a marked commitment to an art education that prioritised individual and subjective visions of freedom and protest above notions of collective thought and overt social comment.

Bilingual Education in the 21st Century examines languages and bilingualism as individual and societal phenomena, presents program types, variables, and policies in bilingual education, and concludes by looking at practices, especially pedagogies and assessments. This thought-provoking work is an ideal textbook for future teachers as well as providing a fresh view of the subject for school administrators and policy makers. · Provides an overview of bilingual education theories and practices throughout the world · Extends traditional conceptions of bilingualism and bilingual education to include global and local concerns in the 21st century · Questions assumptions regarding language, bilingualism and bilingual education, and proposes a new theoretical framework and alternative views of teaching and assessment practices · Reviews international bilingual education policies, with separate chapters dedicated to US and EU language policy in education · Gives reasons why bilingual education is good for all children throughout the world, and presents cases of how this is being carried out

This chapter investigates English language policy and practice in Hong Kong and Macau. The two Special Administrative Regions (SARs) of China share similarities such as colonial histories and a multilingual policy. However, with different colonizing languages (English and Portuguese, respectively) and the different status and usage of the English language, the SARs part ways concerning English-related policy and educational practice. This chapter reviews the policy governing the English language in the two contexts and analyses its enactment across levels of education from the primary to the tertiary, on aspects including the medium of instruction, textbooks and language assessment, and human resources management. It also discusses how the policy interacts with the parallel policies and wider geopolitical and social contexts. The implications from the issues highlighted along the way such as educational equity conclude the chapter.

This study explores the intersection of educational management, societal life, and educational motivation within inland Buddhist communities in Lampung and South Sumatra Provinces, Indonesia. It examines how these communities integrate their cultural and religious identities into educational practices and management, shaping their motivation for learning despite geographical and motivational challenges. The Buddhist way of life, rooted in the teachings of the Buddha, fosters self-management and mindfulness, which influence their educational aspirations. Living in isolated inland settlements, these communities develop unique self-management skills through practices like six concords and mindfulness, which enhance their capacity for education. A quantitative survey method was employed, involving 210 respondents selected based on specific quality criteria. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed through path analysis with SPSS 26. The findings reveal significant relationships between mindful living, the six Buddhist concords, self-management, and educational motivation. The study underscores that integrating community life situations, cultural values, and Buddhist teachings into educational management policies can enhance educational motivation. The research suggests that education policies should align with societal contexts to promote higher education standards while fostering self-management skills. By leveraging Buddhist principles and mindfulness, these communities can transform their views on education, overcoming barriers associated with their geographic and motivational constraints. This study highlights the role of cultural and religious values in educational development and provides actionable recommendations for tailoring educational management to community needs, fostering societal progress and deeper engagement with education.

Nancy Fraser and Participatory Parity provides a philosophical framework based on the work of Nancy Fraser, examining how her ideas can be used to analyse contemporary issues in higher education and reimagine higher education practices. Providing a forum for considering Fraser’s work in relation to participatory parity in higher education, the book shows how her political philosophy is relevant to higher education pedagogies, scholarship and practice. The recent student protests in South Africa in 2015 and 2016 has created an impetus to think about how to do things differently in higher education in response to economic, cultural and political inequities. This South African experience is aptly used as a prime example of rethinking issues of coloniality and social injustice in higher education. The contributors’ use of Nancy Fraser’s theories provides their analyses and reflections with a particularly sharp lens and clear focus. The book also puts her work into conversation with other contemporary writers on social justice and explores the resonances and differentiations of the various approaches. This book will be of great interest for academics, researchers and post-graduate students in the fields of social justice in education and educational policy.