Dual-Band Metamaterial Microwave Absorber using Ring and Circular Patch with Slits

In this article, a patchy ground antenna for Wide Band (WB) transmission is simulated and various results under this design are generated in Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software. For getting antenna to be flexible, textile material, i.e., Jeans is used in which copper tape is fixed on it. The loss tangent of this antenna is 0.025 having dielectric constant of material as 1.7. After simulating the design of presented antenna in CST software, resonant frequency at 6.17 GHz is obtained which is having large bandwidth from 4 to 6 GHz. This type of antenna can be useful in S-Band applications, satellite communication, defense system, and 5G technology. Various results like return loss versus frequency graph, polar plot, and 3-D graph are presented in this paper.

This study presents a high-efficiency circular microstrip patch antenna designed for radio frequency identification (RFID) applications simulation results illustrate the performance of a circular microstrip patch antenna operating at 900 MHz. Microstrip antennas are renowned for their ability to meet the requirements of compact, lightweight designs, ensuring compatibility, and ease of integration. This research focuses on the development of a circular microstrip antenna, formed as a circular patch on a 0.035 mm thick FR-4 substrate. The design was realized using a substrate with a relative permittivity (εr) of 4.3, a loss tangent (tan δ) of 0.021 and a substrate height (h) of 1.6 mm. The antenna dimensions are small, measuring 58×45 mm, with a circular patch radius of 17 mm. The antenna operates over a frequency range from 0.5 GHz to 2 GHz. Key performance parameters include a return loss of -49.8 dB, a wide bandwidth of 150 MHz, a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of 1.009, a gain of 2.161 dB, and a directivity of 2.200 dBi. Antenna design and simulation were carried out using computer simulation technology (CST) Studio Suite Software, specifically adapted to RFID applications.

In this paper, an analysis of different stage of circle patch metasurface (MS) on basic structure of inverted suspended circular patch with square slot antenna design is proposed to investigate its effect toward the basic antenna performance. The basic antenna was designed based on inverted suspended circular patch with air gap separation between the patch substrate and copper ground plane at a distance of 10 mm (Basic design). Then, different design of MS structure (Design A, B, C & D) consisting of 5 x 5 unit cell of homogeneous periodic element is place in between the air gap of the basic antenna. All of MS design is located at a fixed position to study the effect of different MS shape to the Basic antenna performance. The proposed antenna and MS structure had been designed and simulated by using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Software. Target application for this antenna design is for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) at operating frequency of 2.4 GHz. Simulation performances in term of return loss, resonant frequency, bandwidth, realized gain, directivity, axial ratio, total efficiency and radiation pattern at the design frequency are investigated and discussed. From observation on simulation result, resonant frequency of Basic design is shifting to a lower frequency from 2.4 GHz to 2.19 GHz (Design C and D) with the integration of the MS structure. Design C obtained the widest axial ratio bandwidth among all of other design with 1380 MHz covered from 1.31 GHz to 2.69 GHz. Directivity for Basic designs at 2.4 GHz increases from 7.94 dBi to 8.17 dBi, 8.16 dBi, 8.15 dBi and 8.06 dBi (Design A, B, C and D) respectively.

Tunable quad-band perfect metamaterial absorber on the basis of monolayer graphene pattern and its sensing application

A study on the maximum size reduction percentage of 5G Hairpin Bandpass filter nonuniform transmission line resonator is presented in this paper. Size reduction is obtained by applying Nonumiform Transmission Lines theory on each λ/2 uniform transmission line resonator of the filter. To get the required compact-sized filter, some constraints should be applied to satisfy the matching condition in addition to meet the uniform transmission line filter design specifications. High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software and Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software are used in this study. At the best size reduction percentage, the designed filter shows good return and insertion loss : S 11 = S 22 12 = S 21 is approximately -0.29 dB (CST) and -0.46 dB(HFSS) at center frequencies, Fc = 6.9 GHz and 6.67 GHz , respectively.

The purpose of this paper is to propose a new circular-shaped metamaterial (CM) design for X- and Ku-band applications. The discovery of exotic characteristics in metamaterial encourages to carry out this research study. The proposed design is numerically simulated by utilising Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software. The CM structure consists of few circular rings that designed on 8 × 8 mm2 and 1.6 mm thick of FR-4 dielectric substrate material. The Finite Integration Technique (FIT) used to perform the simulation in CST. Frequency range of 4 to 18 GHz is adopted and the CM design manifest resonance frequencies at 8.19 GHz, 11.32 GHz (X-band) and 16.39 GHz (Ku-band). These resonance frequencies possess an acceptable magnitude values for instance, -30.70 dB, -22.59 dB, and -20.13 dB respectively. In additional, the proposed CM design exhibits left-handed characteristic at both resonance frequencies. Therefore, CM with unique behaviour can be applied for many current application fields such as satellite communication, wireless computer networks, weather monitoring, and etc.

The research is focused on determining the plasma parameters such as electron temperature and density, and plasma and collision frequencies, that can be applied on plasma antenna simulation. From the characteristics of plasma parameters obtained, the antenna parameters are then investigated. The Ar-Hg discharge tube is used, and energized by using a high voltage power supply. The plasma parameters are obtained by using numerical programming namely Glomac based on the different voltage, current, pressure and size diameter of the discharge tube. Plasma antenna parameters are characterized by using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software with different plasma frequency, gas pressure, tube size and material used to analyze the antenna performance. The plasma and collision frequencies are calculated based on the plasma parameter obtained from Glomac programming. It shows that the electron temperature decrease while electron density increase when the current is increased. The gas pressure and diameter of tubes are also influences the plasma parameters. From CST simulation, the antenna's performance can be analyzed in terms of return loss, resonant frequency, bandwidth, gain, and radiation pattern. The plasma frequency increase when the electron density increases. By changing the plasma frequency, gas pressure and tube diameter, the antenna performance can be improved in particular at their return loss, gain, directivity and conductivity. In addition, the efficiency of the plasma column as a radiating element is related to the conductivity of the plasma. From this study, the characteristics of the monopole plasma antenna is investigated and evaluated.

In this paper, a circularly polarized antenna is proposed for satellite communication system. Commercially available Finite Integration Technique (FIT) based software Computer Simulation Technology (CST) microwave studio and finite element method solver based High Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS) have been used in this analysis. The proposed antenna achieved 3dB axial ratio of 30 MHz with −10dB reflection coefficient. The axial ratio and reflection coefficient has been verified with both CST and HFSS simulation software. The operating frequency of the proposed antenna is 2.35 GHz. The antenna has been printed on FR-4 (lossy) Substrate material with relative Permittivity of 4.6 and thickness of 1.6 mm. The proposed antenna exhibits a 3 dB axial-ratio beam width of more than 1420.

Calculation and differentiation of the response of elliptical low pass filter (LPF) with and without using defected ground structure (DGS) was done. In the present work, return loss, bandwidth and gain have been evaluated. All the designs are printed on the FR4 lossy substrate of dielectric constant ( ) of 4.3, substrate thickness of 1.6 mm and loss tangent of 0.02. Moreover, the effect of controlling parameters namely slots and defected ground structure are also analysed. The proposed DGS cell provides low-pass characteristic whose cutoff frequency could be changed by tuning its dimensions. Results are simulated using computer simulation technology software (CST). In this paper, the low pass filter passes the low frequency at a cut off frequency of 5 GHz. This filter operates up to 5 GHz frequency. The proposed planar microstrip filter has been selected because of its simple structure, cost effective components and excellent performance. Microstrip filter technologies are emerging as an innovative way to meet the growing demand for more powerful, cost-effective and highly efficient wireless communication systems.

This paper presents the design of ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) reader antenna using low dielectric constant of microwave substrate. An RFID reader antenna emits electromagnetic signals to the microchip in the tag, and the microchip will be energized by modulating the wave and returns to the reader antenna. The process of wave emitting is known as backscattering due to the presence of tag been detected by the reader. High-dielectric constant substrate, for example flame-retardant-4 (FR4) which is commonly used for microstrip patch antenna, is high in dielectric constant and dielectric loss. Thus, this will lead to low gain and directivity properties of the antenna. To overcome this matter, low-dielectric constant substrate which is Taconic TLY-5 was proposed to be utilized for microstrip patch antenna design. The TLY-5 microstrip substrate thickness used is 1.6 mm, dielectric constant of 2.2, and loss tangent of 0.019. A high-conductivity metal which is typically a conductive copper is been used for the two layers of dielectric substrate, the top radiating patch layer and bottom ground layer where the copper thickness is 0.035 mm. Microstrip feed line is used for this UHF RFID reader antenna. The width of the feed line was tuned to obtain impedance matching of 50 Ω. The proposed antenna which is fork-shaped patch antenna was simulated using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) and Microwave Studio software at resonant frequency of 910 MHz with the outcome results of 7.985 dB gain and −11.11 dB return loss. Nevertheless, the typical value obtained for VSWR is less than 2.

The goal of this work is to design and fabrication of a dual band metamaterial based absorber for Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) bands. Wi-Fi has two different operating frequencies such as 2.45 GHz and 5 GHz. A dual band absorber is proposed and the proposed structure consists of two layered unit cells, and different sized square split ring (SSR) resonators located on each layers. Copper is used for metal layer and resonator structure, FR-4 is used as substrate layer in the proposed structure. This designed dual band metamaterial absorber is used in the wireless frequency bands which has two center frequencies such as 2.45 GHz and 5 GHz. Finite Integration Technique (FIT) based simulation software used and according to FIT based simulation results, the absorption peak in the 2.45 GHz is about 90% and the another frequency 5 GHz has absorption peak near 99%. In addition, this proposed structure has a potential for energy harvesting applications in future works.

The marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) technique is an application of electromagnetic (EM) waves to image the electrical resistivity of the subsurface underneath the seabed. The modeling of marine CSEM is a crucial and time-consuming task due to the complexity of its mathematical equations. Hence, high computational cost is incurred to solve the linear systems, especially for high-dimensional models. Addressing these problems, we propose Gaussian process (GP) calibrated with computer experiment outputs to estimate multi-frequency marine CSEM profiles at various hydrocarbon depths. This methodology utilizes prior information to provide beneficial EM profiles with uncertainty quantification in terms of variance (95% confidence interval). In this paper, prior marine CSEM information was generated through Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software at various observed hydrocarbon depths (250–2750 m with an increment of 250 m each) and different transmission frequencies (0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 Hz). A two-dimensional (2D) forward GP model was developed for every frequency by utilizing the marine CSEM information. From the results, the uncertainty measurement showed that the estimates were close to the mean. For model validation, the calculated root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of variation (CV) proved in good agreement between the computer output and the estimated EM profile at unobserved hydrocarbon depths.

The paper delivers a unique 5G microstrip antenna design capable to be used in today's millimeter-wave applications at resonant frequencies of 26.72 GHz, 32 GHz, and 37.97 GHz. It is a design achieved after performing alterations to the front patch, ground, and substrate along with the introduction of Defected Ground Structure and suspended ground plane techniques to attain higher directivity, Gain, S-parameters, VSWR, and optimal efficiency. The proposed antenna has been made by utilization of copper(annealed) for the design of the front patch and ground, alongside the Rogers RO3003 (lossy) for the main substrate as well as Rogers RT6010LM for suspended ground. We achieved the required results using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software.

This work presents a technique for detecting targets between two walls using ultra-wide band (UWB) modified antipodal Vivaldi antenna (MAVA). The detection system works on principle of time domain reflectrometry (TDR) using through wall imaging (TWI). This technique utilized a vector network analyzer (VNA) to produced short and small pluses to irradiate through an antenna array system onto the wall under study. The purposed detection system operated in UWB frequency spectrum (3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz). Furthermore, an algorithm for hidden target detection has been developed. The results of the simulation of the designed antenna revealed a significant level of penetration, demonstrating a smart advancement in detecting and imaging system, to locate hidden metallic targets with good accuracy. A signal processing technique have been employed to improve the resolution of the target image. Using computer simulation technology (CST) software, the development and optimization process of an antenna is carried out, and the parametric performance of return loss, directivity and radiation pattern is evaluated.

This paper proposes an omnidirectional high-gain slot array antenna for mobile phone base station. The advantages of this proposed antenna are low profile, light weight, and easy fabrication and installation. Moreover, it provides not only the moderately high gain but also the omnidirectional pattern, which more appropriate for mobile phone base station. The half-power beamwidths in E-plane is around 24 degrees, while its radiation pattern is similar to the circle or omnidirection. The paper also presents the design procedures of a 1×4 array antenna using slot antennas associated with two side-wings for increasing its gain. A Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software has been used to compute the reflection coefficient (S <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</inf> ), radiation patterns, and gain of this antenna. The bandwidth, at S <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</inf> (−10 dB), is which can be well utilized for 3G base station, with a gain around 9 dB.