Dwarf Mistletoe Control on the Mescalero Apache Indian Reservation, New Mexico

Two Hawaiian Japanese ethnic categories, Japanese "proper" (Naichi) and Okinawans were studied by IKEDA and his coworkers in order to determine whether ethnicity is correlated with greater or lesser risk of schizophrenia. The relationship between socio-cultural and personality factors among Eskimos and psychopathological symptoms are discussed by S. PARKER. L. B. BOYER, a psychoanalyst, and RUTH BOYER, an anthropologist, jointly studied in fluences of acculturation on the personality traits of the old people of the Mescalero and Chiricahua Apaches. B. WAINRIB and her coworkers investigated mental health and intellectual development of children on a Canadian Mohawk Indian reservation. An account is given of a snake-handling cult that has recently spread through certain lower-class Protestant groups in the American South East in WESTON LA BARRE'S book, They Shall Take Up Serpents. The cult leaders, the congregation and the social setting are described.

Previous communications have indicated that interpretations of Rorschach protocols resultant from testing the Apaches of the Mescalero Indian Reservation produce information which conforms closely to that obtained by standard anthropological and psychoanalytic investigative techniques. Anthropologic and psychoanalytic observations demonstrate that the effects of acculturation are less disruptive to the personality organization of old-age than of middle-age and young-age Mescalero and Chiracahua Apaches. In the present communication, a comparison is made of Rorschach protocols derived from testing of those three-age groups. The interpretation of those protocols confirms the assumptions based on the anthropological and psychoanalytic observations.

The Construction of a Wickiup on the Fort Apache Indian Reservation

Lithology and stratigraphy of the Supai Formation, Fort Apache Indian Reservation, Arizona

Dominant height and site index equations were constructed for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) and Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) on the Fort Apache Indian Reservation, located in east-central Arizona. An indirect parameter prediction method was utilized to develop the equations from stem analysis data. The dominant height equation for Douglas-fir is a function of site index, age, habitat type groups, and soil texture groups. The Engelmann spruce dominant height equation is a function of only site index and age. Site index may be calculated directly by inverting the dominant height equations. West. J. Appl. For. 7(2):40-44.

At left, Swamp Creek Mountain, with Chediski white sandstone member overlying horizon of iron ore; at right, Canyon Creek, with The Pyramids in the middle distance and Chediski Mountain in the upper corner.

Subsequent to the extreme fire seasons of 2000 and 2002, extensive thinning of Southwestern mountain forests has been designated as the preferred practice to minimize the likelihood of widespread stand-replacing fires. Concurrently, historical hydrologic research been incorrectly popularized to indicate that forest canopy removal can measurably augment water yields from forested watersheds. A popular misconception has therefore arisen that these two usually incompatible goals can be achieved simultaneously on the same land. Responsible and appropriate silvicultural activities for other purposes, such as fire risk reduction, may increase water yield from upper elevation forests or improve water balance within lower elevation forests, depending on the intensity of canopy removal, tree species, latitude, elevation, and aspect. These same activities may also restore other desirable landscape characteristics and should not be directed solely at water yield. Increases in water yield will be difficult to quantify, especially at the scale of large basins, like the Salt River, that provide for large municipalities. Therefore, short term increases in water yield from forest canopy removal should be considered a serendipitous benefit if and when it occurs in conjunction with other advantageous results. BACKGROUND As a result of prolonged drought in the Western United States, a great deal of contention has developed about forest management because of drought-induced fire danger, decreased water yield from forest snowpack, and the cumulative effects of more than 100 years of fire suppression. Drought raises the fire danger in increasingly urbanized mountain forests, and (by definition) decreases water yields on which the Southwestern United States depend. Further compounding this debate is the impact prolonged fire suppression has had on these same forest stands. The purpose of this paper is to explore the inter-relationships between these three factors, and to clarify feasible multi-objective management goals. In 2002 the Rodeo-Chediski Fire burned over 200,000 ha in the Fort Apache Indian Reservation and the Apache-Sitgreaves National Forests, Arizona. This was the largest most severe fire in Arizona history with extremely high suppression and restoration costs. The fire burned at the landscape scale and impacted the watershed which provides for Phoenix, AZ—a large metropolitan area of more than three million people.

The group of ruins comprising the prehistoric pueblo of Kinishba is situated in a broad valley about four miles northwest of the town of Fort Apache, Arizona, on the White River Apache Indian Reservation. Kinishba, the Apache name for this pueblo meaning “Brown House,” is derived from the color of the rock walls of the ruin. The valley is bounded on all sides by high plateaus and mesas, with the White River cutting across from east to west at the southern end. The valley floor is thickly covered with grass, cholla, and juniper, while the surrounding hills support a fairly heavy stand of pine, pinyon, and juniper.

In 2003 and 2004 the White Mountain Apache Tribe worked with the Hopi and Zuni tribes and the Western Apache NAGPRA Working Group on a geography-based cultural affiliation assessment of trust lands on the Fort Apache Indian Reservation in the uplands of eastern Arizona. The project partnership examined a broad array of evidence bearing on cultural affiliation as a basis for improved implementation of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA). Information provided by representatives of the historical and ancient American Indian occupants of White Mountain Apache lands complemented existing archaeological data about cultural affiliation, thus shifting the focus from artifacts and archaeologically defined cultural groups to sacred landscapes and forms of knowledge linking geography, people, and archaeology. The project provided specific recommendations for intertribal repatriation and reburial efforts as well as more general guidelines for cultural and environmental heritage stewardship.

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Sampling of grasshoppers and plants on shortgrass prairie of the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation during an outbreak indicated significant relationships between acridid populations and vegetation characteristics. In slightly disturbed sites of shortgrass prairie dominated by perennial grasses, grasshopper species richness ranged from 10 to 17, density averaged 39/0.82m2, and diversity (H') averaged 1.21; in heavily disturbed sites dominated by annual grasses and forbs, species richness ranged from to 5 to 6, density averaged 30/0.82 m2, and diversity averaged 0.61. Because of the nearly pure stand of annual plants which became mature and dry in mid-May, only the early-hatching species of grasshoppers were able to live in the heavily disturbed sites. Perennial grasses in the slightly disturbed sites were important for supporting high densities of early-hatching species and were required for survival and reproduction of later hatching species. Evidently a disclimax community of annuals cannot support the density, diversity, and richness of grasshopper species that a shortgrass prairie can.

This report presents the results of an outcrop gamma-ray survey of six selected measured sections included in the original report. The primary objective of this second study is to provide a baseline to correlate from the outcrop and reservoir model into Mesaverde strata in the San Juan Basin subsurface. Outcrop logs were generated using a GAD-6 gamma-ray spectrometer that simultaneously recorded total counts, potassium, uranium, and thorium data.

In the years 1932-34, during the course of ethnological investigations among the Chiricahua Apache Indians living on the Mescalero Indian Reservation of New Mexico, 1 the writer was fortunate enough to obtain a lengthy autobiographical account from Samuel F. Kenoi, a prominent member of the tribe. Mr. Kenoi had been a victim of the forced exodus of his people from Arizona following the Geronimo outbreak of 1886 and had been removed with other Chiricahua, first to Florida, then to Alabama, later to Ft. Sill, Oklahoma, and at length, in 1913, was permitted to take up residence at Mescalero. At various times during his childhood and youth he attended government schools, and this excerpt from the autobiography is his description of a Tonkawa peyote rite which he attended in 1902 while on a visit to former classmates of Chilocco school days, of some seven years before. The Chiricahua Apache never used peyote and there is no reason to believe that Apache notions have been injected into this account. Because of the present keen interest in the history and growth of the peyote cult and the paucity of information concerning the Tonkawa Indians and their peyote rite, the publication of this section has been thought desirable. According to Lipan Apache informants, the Tonkawa were among the first of the tribes north of Mexico to accept peyote, having been taught its use by the Carrizo Indians of the Texas Gulf region.2 While the informant's words have not been changed, this section has been greatly condensed, for aspects of the account irrelevant to the ethnology of the Tonkawa or to their peyote rite have been deleted.