Dynamic 3D graphics workload characterization and the architectural implications

The application of AI technology in architectural software has brought various innovations and changes to the industry. By introducing convolutional neural networks and deep neural networks, architectural design software is expected to automatically identify and generate complex architectural images, optimize the design process, and provide intelligent design assistance. Through literature research, this paper aims to discuss the specific application of CNN and DNN in parametric design and the innovation brought by them, and analyzes the application of these technologies in architectural image recognition, generation, design optimization and other aspects. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive reference for researchers in related fields and promote the innovative application of AI technology in architectural design. The application of AI technology in architectural software has brought numerous innovations and changes to the industry. By introducing convolutional neural networks and deep neural networks, architectural design software is expected to automatically identify and generate complex architectural images, optimize the design process, and provide intelligent design assistance. Through literature research, this paper aims to discuss the specific application of CNN and DNN in parametric design and the innovation brought by them; it also analyzes the application of these technologies in architectural image recognition, generation, design optimization, and other aspects. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive reference for researchers in related fields and promote the innovative application of AI technology in architectural design.

In order to carry out a comprehensive design description of the specific architectural model of AI, the auxiliary model of AI and architectural spatial intelligence is deeply integrated, and flexible design is carried out according to the actual situation. AI assists in the generation of architectural intention and architectural form, mainly supporting academic and working theoretical models, promoting technological innovation, and thus improving the design efficiency of the architectural design industry. AI-aided architectural design enables every designer to achieve design freedom. At the same time, with the help of AI, architectural design can complete the corresponding work faster and more efficiently. With the help of AI technology, through the adjustment and optimization of keywords, AI automatically generates a batch of architectural space design schemes. Against this background, the auxiliary model of architectural space design is established through the literature research of the AI model, the architectural space intelligent auxiliary model, and the semantic network and the internal structure analysis of architectural space. Secondly, to ensure compliance with the three-dimensional characteristics of the architectural space from the data source, based on the analysis of the overall function and structure of space design, the intelligent design of the architectural space auxiliary by Deep Learning is carried out. Finally, it takes the 3D model selected in the UrbanScene3D data set as the research object, and the auxiliary performance of AI’s architectural space intelligent model is tested. The research results show that with the increasing number of network nodes, the model fitting degree on the test data set and training data set is decreasing. The fitting curve of the comprehensive model shows that the intelligent design scheme of architectural space based on AI is superior to the traditional architectural design scheme. As the number of nodes in the network connection layer increases, the intelligent score of space temperature and humidity will continue to rise. The model can achieve the optimal intelligent auxiliary effect of architectural space. The research has practical application value for promoting the intelligent and digital transformation of architectural space design.

Today, supertall buildings can be constructed in unusual forms as a pragmatic reflection of advances in construction techniques and engineering technologies, together with advanced computational design tools for architectural design. As with many other buildings, architectural and practical principles play a crucial role in the form of a supertall building, where aerodynamic behavior shaped by wind-induced excitations also becomes a critical design input. Various methods are used to meet the functional needs of these towers and reduce excitations, including aerodynamic modification methods directly related to the building form. Tapered forms are one of the most frequently used and most effective methods in today's skyscrapers, which significantly affect architectural design. To date, no study has been conducted in the literature that provides an understanding of the interrelationships between tapered building forms and main planning criteria, considering the aerodynamic design concerns of the tapering effect in supertall buildings (≥300 m). This important issue is explored in this article with data gathered from 41 supertall case studies, considering location, function, structural system, and structural material as well as the aerodynamic taper effect. The main findings of the study highlighted the following: (1) Asia was where tapered towers were most favored, with a wider margin in all regions; (2) mixed-use was the most preferred function in selected supertall buildings with tapered form; (3) outriggered frame systems were mainly used; (4) tapered supertall cases were mostly built in composite; (5) the sample group included 17 cases that used the tapering effect with aerodynamic design concerns, some of which were accompanied by corner modifications. It is believed that this study will be a basic guide for design and construction professionals including architectural and structural designers, and contractors.

Usability is a highly desired but often ignored software quality. Effective user interfaces tend to increase learnability, effectiveness and user satisfaction. But usability is often neglected in the early stages of software development and is thus frequently not address in a system's architectural design. Furthermore, because usability is often neglected or deferred, it is difficult to estimate the effort specifically spent on adding or improving usability mechanisms in the software architecture and in code. In this work, we present a case study where we analyze the impact of introducing a variety of usability mechanisms to a mobile application and we report on the architectural changes that must be made in the software architecture to accommodate them. We also report on the additional code required to implement these usability mechanisms and we investigate the users' satisfaction of combining and using several usability mechanisms in a mobile application. Finally, we evaluated user responses—both positive and negatives—to these usability mechanisms via a questionnaire involving 25 users from different roles and different organizations and including contextual interviews to analyze the qualitative responses of the subjects. Our results show that apart from the relatively modest modeling and coding effort, the combination of several usability mechanisms seems beneficial for users of mobile systems and increases the satisfaction during the interaction with the system.

Evolutionary design assistants for architecture

Evolutionary design assistants for architecture

Architecture has a major role in the issue of global warming today. Therefore, the architects began to endorse the concept of ecological architecture and green building design. This study aims to examine a project of Omah Harimurti in Jakarta based on ecological and green architecture principle theories by Sim Van Der Ryn and Stuart Cowan as well as Robert and Brenda Vale. Both of their design principles were compared to identify the ecological and green design parameters to test the Omah Harimurti. Results of the study revealed that there are 4 parameters of ecological-green architecture design, such as nature should be the main actor of the design; nature becomes a solution for every problem in the site; honor the user by involved them as a designer; and be a climate conscious building by conserving energy. From the examination conducted, it is also revealed that the Omah Harimurti qualified as an ecologic and green architecture design.

While design researchers use diverse approaches to study designing, non-designers face specific impediments in adopting these research approaches in their quest to gain design knowledge. Recognizing such challenges, this article outlines how an education academic engineered a first-person methodology to investigate the nature of designing. Through undertaking a learner-researcher study in an undergraduate architectural design basics subject, learning about design through learning to design, she tracked her developing design ideas and crystallized a view of architectural designing as a three-phase heuristic for value selection: imagining possibilities, interpreting ideas to form architectural principles and distilling quality. This article concludes by speculating on various research directions arising from this learner-researcher methodology and a view of designing as value selection and, in particular, provoking consideration of how similar developmental data might be collected and analysed for explanatory insights in diverse design and educational contexts.

Architecture is part of the art of life and works best when it seems to give expression to the life that inhabits it. As technology has developed a lot, the field of architecture has also experienced many developments supported by technology such as making architectural designs. The development experienced in making architectural designs is that it is no longer required to draw design choices with side views on a lot of paper but instead use a simulation application for making architectural designs that are displayed through a monitor layer in 3D so that they can see more realistically. After many innovations emerged regarding simulation applications which generally still use hardware such as a mouse, then these innovations shifted to connecting the simulation application with the virtual world where hardware such as a mouse has been replaced by using gestures or limb movements such as parts of the hand or other parts of the body. While other fields like medic already use virtual tool interaction, architecture fields still just use mouse and keyboard. One of the virtual interaction devices used to be able to detect fingers and palms to interact with 3D simulation applications is Leap Motion. Leap Motion is starting to be widely used to carry out various ways of interacting with hands because it is more interactive and interesting to use even many people think that it can be used for hand rehabilitation or therapy too. However, even though many innovations have developed, there is still no innovation in the use of a hand gesture command system using Leap Motion for simulation applications to design architectural designs in 3D views. Based on these things, the authors designed and developed hand gesture commands using Leap Motion for Architectural Design App. The hand gesture command system used for the Floorplanner simulation application will be tested using a system usability scale by users with architectural, informatics, and unfamiliar backgrounds. Based on the tests carried out, it can be seen that the system is running properly even though it requires getting used to the device first and getting a score from the System Usability Scale of 59,167 out of scale from 0 to 100 which means it is still accepted by users or declared as "Marginally Acceptable" category.

In many Australian suburbs, rows of weather sealed brick and tiled boxes ‘stand to attention’ and could be seen to evoke a somewhat cold uniformity of taste. Contrary to the contemporary belief that our suburban architecture should respond to individual needs and desires by housing people in environments that enrich their lives, the majority of mass housing could be dubbed an “architecture of ignorance.”1 One badly designed project home after another, exhibits countless mistakes such as picture windows facing due west, bathrooms orientated toward the prime views and service facilities blocking the best sun. In recent years however, something notably new is beginning to occur. It is as if there is a new design consciousness circulating the mass market.2 Traces of the ‘contemporary Queensland style’, widely practiced by regional architects, could be seen to be slowly filtering down the line and appearing in the project home market. Several project companies now employ architects to lead their design teams and facades are springing up in the suburbs that leave one wondering, ‘is this architect designed or just another project home?’ This dissertation aims to examine; 1. The extent to which the principles of contemporary Queensland architectural design are being embraced by the project home market. 2. The extent to which buyers are exhibiting a new design consciousness and appreciation for well designed homes that are fitting for the Queensland lifestyle. The idea that there are various forms of capital; cultural, social and economic is used to examine the extent to which buyers are embracing the ‘contemporary Queensland style’ that may be encroaching upon the project market and also the extent to which the various capitals may influence home choice. The literature review then goes on to examine the principles of the contemporary Queensland style exhibited in the residential designs of Queensland’s widely recognised architects. Chapter 3 of this dissertation undertakes and reports on a case study of the Edenbrooke housing development in Brisbane’s Western suburbs to identify the extent to which the developers and project builders have embraced principles of good architectural design, suited to the Queensland lifestyle. The case study also examines the choices buyers have made with respect to their homes, with reference to the theory of taste and the acceptance of a contemporary Queensland style of domestic architecture. It is concluded that a portion of the project home market, through observation of some of the principles of Queensland architectural design, appear to be attempting to discover a style of home that reflects the overall preference for a relaxed, enjoyable family lifestyle and that the tag of ‘good design’ is becoming increasingly important to buyers, in the wake of a period of new Australian design awareness. However, it is suggested that no matter how ‘architecturally enlightened’ a project home might become, it may never be comparable to the quality offered by ‘one off’ architectural designs because the very factors that make a project home cheaper and more economical, are the very factors that are opposed to regional architectural principles. While mass production results in more economic but standardised outcomes, architectural design often involves individual detailing for unusual components of the building and the cost of contractors providing individual service can be high. It could thus be seen that the ‘means of production’ also sets the project home apart from the architectural dwelling. In this light, no matter how much cultural capital a buyer may possess, the expression of it may well be limited by access to economic capital. ____________________ 1 Peter Hyatt, Local Heroes: Architects of Australia’s Sunshine Coast (Sydney: Craftsman House, 2001): 16. 2 Davina Jackson and Chris Johnson, Australian Architecture Now (London: Thames and Hudson, 2000): 10.

In this issue, the students of the Maestría en Ciencias de la Salud Program, who are generally doctors, publish their work in the format of architectural design. The architectural design, allows to demonstrate in a schematic way, the objective, basal state, maneuver and outcome of their investigations. In this issue of the Revista Médica del IMSS, architectural design is used explicitly for the first time in a scientific publication. This innovation was achieved thanks to the collaboration of the editors and students of the Maestría en Ciencias de la Salud Program.

Three-dimensional (3D) shape generation techniques leveraging deep learning have garnered significant interest from both computer vision and architectural design communities, promising to enrich the content in the virtual environment. However, research on virtual architectural design remains limited, particularly regarding designer-AI collaboration and deep learning-assisted design. In our survey, we reviewed 149 related articles (81.2% of articles published between 2019 and 2023) covering architectural design, 3D shape techniques, and virtual environments. Through scrutinizing the literature, we first identify the principles of virtual architecture and illuminate its current production challenges, including datasets, multimodality, design intuition, and generative frameworks. We then introduce the latest approaches to designing and generating virtual buildings leveraging 3D shape generation and summarize four characteristics of various approaches to virtual architecture. Based on our analysis, we expound on four research agendas, including agency, communication, user consideration, and integrating tools. Additionally, we highlight four important enablers of ubiquitous interaction with immersive systems in deep learning-assisted architectural generation. Our work contributes to fostering understanding between designers and deep learning techniques, broadening access to designer-AI collaboration. We advocate for interdisciplinary efforts to address this timely research topic, facilitating content designing and generation in the virtual environment.

This paper addresses the problem of designing the architecture of an information system intended for detecting sensitive information in Ukrainian-language corporate documents within the context of approaches used in data loss prevention (DLP) platforms. The relevance of this study is determined by the rapid growth of unstructured textual data in corporate information systems, as well as by the increasing need to combine information security requirements with sound principles of information system design and software architecture. An additional motivating factor is the limited number of scientific studies focused on automated processing of Ukrainian-language textual content, particularly with regard to its morphological complexity, syntactic variability, and stylistic features, which significantly influence the effectiveness of natural language processing methods. The paper provides an analytical overview of the main approaches to sensitive information detection in text documents, including rule-based and pattern-matching methods, as well as contextual methods based on named entity recognition using machine learning and deep learning models. Special attention is paid to the architectural implications of integrating heterogeneous detection methods within a single information system, which is essential for ensuring comparability, reproducibility, and extensibility of further experimental studies. Based on the conducted analysis, a modular architecture of an experimental software system is proposed. The architecture is designed to provide unified conditions for text document ingestion, preprocessing, and analysis, support for multiple detection methods with different computational characteristics, and centralized aggregation and evaluation of detection results using standard quality metrics. The proposed architectural solutions rely on the principles of streaming processing of large text documents, clear separation of responsibilities between functional components, scalability, and reproducibility of analytical procedures. The architecture also defines interfaces for the potential integration of rule-based scanners and contextual NER modules based on transformer models, forming a consistent environment for future comparative analysis. The proposed architectural approach can be used as a methodological and design foundation for the subsequent implementation and validation of an experimental information system aimed at studying methods for protecting textual information resources in corporate environments, as well as for supporting further research at the intersection of information system design and information security.

Modern computer software enhances the productivity of design, simplifies the of precise drawings creation with accurate element placement, and facilitates quick editing and files sharing. Manual drawing is nearly absent in architectural design, and in landscape design it remains only in projects for private clients. Addressing new challenges in landscape planning it is necessary to create landscape-informational model to compensate for theoretical shortcomings and expand the scope of design and construction of local landscapes. Therefore, to solve the main tasks of a landscape designer, one must select those software tools capable of executing design processes more qualitatively and comprehensively, according to users’ requirements and conditions. The purpose of the research is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of computer tools available on the market for landscape design work. An analysis was conducted of the main functionalities, system requirements, interfaces, and plant objects for the following software solutions, popular among landscape architects in Ukraine The tools for plant creation, both in 2D and 3D graphics, the number of basic objects, and their quality in presentation materials are particularly critical for dendroplans creation. For designers exclusively involved in landscape design, «Realtime Landscape Architect 23» or «VectorWorks Landmark» may be optimal choices due to their specialization and user-friendly interfaces. For integrating landscape solutions with general architectural projects «Archicad 26» might be more suitable due to its BIM capabilities and collaborative features. «AutoCAD 24» remains an essential tool in the construction industry, although specific landscape design tasks may require additional plugins and settings. Key words: landscape design, dendroplanning, computer programs, CAD (Computer-aided design and calculation system).

Curtain wall constructions are one of the most applied facade constructions today. Independently attached to the primary load bearing structure of the building they protect the building’s interior from external climate conditions and allow great design freedom.\n
\n\nWith continuously rising requirements in terms of energy savings the constructional principle has reached its limits and strategies for improvement are needed.\n
\n\nIncrementally evolved over time it is closely related to the architectural design and building processes. Based on literature research and stakeholder interviews the dissertation maps out the traditional and craftsmanship related facade design and construction process currently employed. In a next step, future challenges for facade constructions to cope with a changing market environment are identified.\n
\n\nA facade function tree is developed and the theory of product architecture is applied to create a comparative basis for analysing different historical and contemporary facade products and systems. The function tree as well as the analysis clearly show how the fragmented market structures has influenced contemporary facade construction and leads to extremely modular product architectures.\n
\n\nNumerous case studies for a new approach are conducted and summarised in several matrices. The case studies show how different modular and integral constructional strategies can respond to the future challenges. The pros and cons of different facade solutions, their potential for innovation and robustness in terms of market conditions are investigated.\n
\n\nThe dissertation concludes that a greater diversity of fa.ade types with a more integral construction is needed to meet the sometimes conflicting future challenges. If this can be realised, a greater diversity of more integral design and construction processes will evolve simultaneously. The role of the different stakeholders will change and a new way of educating architects or facade specialists will be required in order to meet the needs of the future building market: Away from a purely application oriented towards a product architecture driven approach, which clearly includes the implications of facade product architecture on the structure of the design and construction process.