Dynamic Modeling of Magnetostrictive Hydraulic Pump

In recent years, increasing research efforts have been devoted to the development of new controllable dampers, in the aim of mitigating vibration of mechanical equipment, automobile, civil construction and so on. Most of the new controllable dampers are made with special performance of smart materials, such as MR/ER fluid, piezoelectric ceramic and shape memory alloy. Although has similar smart performance such as rapid response time, low power requirement and large driving force with those smart materials, magnetostrictive material, especially magnetostrictive composite material is only got attention by a few researchers. In this paper, by analysis character of magnetosrtrictive effect, the possible applications of magnetosrtrictive composite material in area of vibration control are discussed; several new dampers, made with magnetosrtrictive composite material, such as smart friction or viscous dampers are presented.

Magnetostrictively actuated control flaps for vibration reduction in helicopter rotors—design considerations for implementation

Previous work has shown the importance of the mechanical behaviour of coatings and thin materals, where the elastic properties vary in depth. Such coatings and materials are investigated under the broad subject of Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs). There has been also a vast interest in the general coupled field analysis of thermopiezomagnetic materials under which smart piezoelectric and magnetostrictive materials can be studied. The smart materials are often bonded as thin films on host structures for the purpose of sensing and/or actuation. This work aims to combine these two important areas of thermopiezoelectro-magnetism and FGMs. The thermopiezoelectro-magnetic materials are modeled using the finite element method assuming variations in material properties similar to FGMs. The resulting equations of modeling are then applied to an example problem in smart material sensing/actuation.

This article presents a review of recent-important developments in the field of intelligent material and fluid systems. Intelligent material and fluid systems, sometimes referred to as smart materials and fluids, can adjust their behavior to changes of external or internal parameters analogously to biological systems. In these systems, sensors, actuators and controllers are seamlessly integrated with structural materials at the macroscopic or mesoscopic level. In general, sensors and actuators are made of functional materials and fluids such as piezoelectric materials, magnetostrictive materials, shape memory alloys, polymer hydrogels, electro- and magneto-rheological fluids and so on. This article is specifically focused on the design of intelligent material and fluid systems used to control the deformation, vibration and fracture of composite materials and structures.

A combined passive and active damping strategy is proposed to control vibration in structures using a combination of layers of ferro-magnetic (passive) damping and smart (active) magnetostrictive material (Terfenol-D). Two types of combined damping systems are considered viz., a noninteractive system and an interactive or hybrid system. Numerical investigations on a cantilever beam model are carried out to investigate various aspects in combined damping scenario. Using variational principle, a beam Finite Element is developed to study the dynamic characteristics of a beam containing both the passive and active damping layers. It is shown that the combined system could be used effectively to dampen the structural vibration over a wide frequency range. Comparisons with only passive and only active damping schemes are also made. The influence and the mode dependence of control gain in a hybrid system is clearly brought out.

This chapter will provide an insight into smart materials, which are a class of materials that can change their physical properties, such as shape, size, stiffness, color, or electrical conductivity, in response to external stimuli, such as temperature, pressure, light, humidity, magnetic, or electric fields. Various types of smart materials like shape memory alloys (SMAs), electroactive polymers (EAPs), piezoelectric materials, magnetostrictive materials, and thermoelectric materials were discussed in this chapter, along with their properties and applications. Nevertheless, the advantages of smart materials over the conventional materials along with the challenges were also discussed. Also, the possibility of integrating these materials with the existing systems was discussed.

Objectives: The paper presents significant application of smart materials and their implementation in modern structures. The application of shape memory alloys, piezoelectric and magnetostrictive materials are provided in this paper for the readers. It also defines the architectural perspective in order to assess how architecture can develop with the advancement of smart materials. Methods: The scientific utilization of smart structural mechanics in the design, construction and preservation of infrastructures needs attention in civil engineering aspect. Smart meters are important components of next generation structures because they enable remote metering of energy consumption. The influence of TiO2 coated plastering mortar, in its fresh state has good thermal performance in building wall model and makes the building thermally efficient. Additionally it includes the sustainable use and potential contribution of Zero Energy Building (ZEB) principle towards achieving smart cities. Findings: It is found that these technological strides can be used for better reliability and overall safety of any structure. Thus the structural integrity, firmness and long term benefits are taken care of. Finally we came up with the conclusion that the effectiveness of using smart materials in smart structures can become an agent in building “towards a new architecture”. Applications: These materials are useful in creating a sustainable environment which are eco-friendly and leads to less energy consumption which is a boon to our societyKeywords: Magnetostrictive Materials, Piezoelectric Materials, Shape Memory Alloys, Smart Meters, ZEB

Magneto-rheological fluids and magneto-strictive materials are of the well-known smart materials which are used to control and reduce the vibrations of the structures. Vibration analysis of a smart annular three-layered plate is provided in this work. MR fluids are used as the core

Initial studies on a novel thick-film magnetostrictive material are presented. The screen printable thick-film is based on the giant magnetostrictive material Terfenol-D. The development of the paste and of a suitable measurement system is described. Initial values for the magnetostriction of the thick-film are reported and compared with those of other composite magnetostrictive materials.

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The system is investigated, in which micrometric displacements are obtained by mechanical means and nanometric displacements - by variation of magnetic flux directed through magnetostrictive material terfenol-D. The permanent magnet is used as a magnetic flux source. A parallel branch to terfenol-D rod’s magnetic circuit branch enables to form nanometric and micrometric displacements separately and independently. Nanometric displacements are formed by variation of the air gap at the parallel branch. It is recommended to shield the air gap by ferromagnetic screen. In this case the dependence of magnetic flux through the terfenol-D rod versus the air gap is practically linear. Ill. 8, bibl. 2 (in English; summaries in English, Russian and Lithuanian).

In this study, authors presented the feasibility study of the magnetostrictive vibration energy harvester under the low intensity excitation condition, 0.71[mm/s] (RMS). The experimentally obtained power generation performance of the vibration energy harvester was quite low comparing with the previous authors' studies about the piezocomposite vibration energy harvester.

Smart structures are a result of effective integration of control system design and signal processing with the structural systems to maximally utilize the new advances in materials for structures, actuation and sensing to obtain the best performance for the application at hand. The research in smart structures is constantly driving towards attaining self adaptive and diagnostic capabilities that biological systems possess. This has been manifested in the number of successful applications in many areas of engineering such as aerospace, civil and automotive systems. Instrumental in the development of such systems are smart materials such as piezo-electric, shape memory alloys, electrostrictive, magnetostrictive and fiber-optic materials and various composite materials for use as actuators, sensors and structural members. The need for development of control systems that maximally utilize the smart actuators and sensing materials to design highly distributed and highly adaptable controllers has spurred research in the area of smart structural modeling, identification, actuator/sensor design and placement, control systems design such as adaptive and robust controllers with new tools such a neural networks, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms, linear matrix inequalities and electronics for controller implementation such as analog electronics, micro controllers, digital signal processors (DSPs) and application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) such field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and Multichip modules (MCMs) etc. In this paper, we give a brief overview of the state of control in smart structures. Different aspects of the development of smart structures such as applications, technology and theoretical advances especially in the area of control systems design and implementation will be covered.

Shape memory alloy (SMA) thin films have received great importance in the research of smart (or intelligent) materials for their utilization in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS). It is suggested that the fabrication of SMA thin films on flexible polyimide (PI) substrates paves the way for their utility as micro-actuators and sensors in many microdevices. In this review article, the development of SMA/polyimide thin-film composites using various physical vapor deposition techniques is discussed. The actuation characteristics, the influence of actuation controlling parameters, and the life cycle behavior of these composites are also concisely discussed. Furthermore, the viability of SMA/polyimide composites in various applications is also scrutinized for their shape memory properties and performance. These composites set out to be considered in soft robotic technology, an emerging domain in the field of robotics. The successful implementation of these composite actuators in bio-inspired aquatic and aerial soft robotic systems requires the generation of high actuation force and frequency to carry the payload. In the present article, the prospect of the development of SMA/polyimide sandwich-structured composite is discussed which would possibly facilitate its deployment in soft robotic applications.

In this paper, performance of piezoelectrically actuated pyramidal valveless micropumps is studied experimentally in detail. Valveless micropumps based on silicon and glass substrate are fabricated using MEMS technology. Two different sizes of micropumps having overall dimensions of 5 mm × 5 mm × 1 mm and 10 mm × 10 mm × 1 mm are fabricated and characterized. In the fabricated micropumps, the thickness of silicon diaphragm is <20 µm which gives the advantage of operating pump at low voltage with excellent stability and consistency. The performance of micropumps in terms of flowrate and backpressure is evaluated for a wide range of driving frequency and actuating voltages. The maximum flowrate of water in the 10-mm micropump is 355 µl/min and backpressure of 3.1 kPa at zero flowrate for an applied voltage of 80 V at frequency 1.05 kHz. The reported micropumps have low footprint, high flowrate and backpressure. Thus, these micropumps are especially suited for biological applications as these can withstand adequate amount of backpressure. Comparative study of the performance of these micropumps with those available in the literature brings out the efficacy of these micropumps.