Dynamic Multicast Routing Management for Robust Wide Area Power Grid Communication

The increasingly prominent pattern of ac and hvdc hybrid connection and the continuous growth of new energy grid connected capacity have led to profound changes in the disturbed behavior and stability characteristics of the power grid. It is increasingly urgent to implement dynamic monitoring and stability control of large power grid based on wide area measurement system (WAMS). In this paper, firstly, the trajectory characteristics of the ac branch under the impact of large disturbances and the relationship between them and transient stability are studied. Secondly, the continuous tracking method of the branch voltage center based on the node voltage amplitude and phase is proposed, and the relationship between the branch voltage center and the system oscillation center is analyzed. Thirdly, for the problem that a single characteristic is necessary but not sufficient to identification the key branch, a method based on wide area response information and combined multiple characteristic parameters is proposed, furthermore, a transient stability emergency control strategy is put forward. Finally, the effectiveness of the key branch discrimination and control strategy is verified by simulation for ac and HVDC hybrid power grid.

: Calculating the amount of information about a random function contained in another random function has important uses in communication theory. An expression for the mutual information for continuous time random processes has been given by Gelfand and Yaglom, Chiang, and Perez by generalizing Shannon's result in a natural way. Under a condition of absolute continuity of measures the continuous time expression has the same form as Shannon's result. For two Gaussian processes Gelfand and Yaglom express the mutual information in terms of a mean square estimation error. We generalize this result to diffusion processes and express the solution in a different form which is more naturally related to a corresponding filtering problem. We also use these results to calculate some information rates.

Nowadays electricity is one of the most significant requirements and base of life facilities. Any interruption in supplying and providing power, like widespread blackouts will cause irreparable effects on different aspects of a society. Technology increasing progress provides remote control and monitoring of power grid through the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system and substation automation which decreases the costs of power transition and control, increases the efficiency and motivates to smart grid. These kinds of technologies create new opportunities to remote monitoring and control of the power substations and equipment for the regional electricity companies. Some of these achievements have been used before but modern systems provide more facilities in operation and maintenance of power system. It is noticeable that this opportunity may convert to threat if cyber security encounters with lack of attention in the smart grid. Therefore, providing sensitive and secure equipment is one of most significant and vital problems to increase the cyber safety and decrease cyber-attack risk in the smart grid. Therefore the facilities equipment, their risks and vulnerabilities should be detected and appropriate methods should be propounded to encounter with these problems. In this paper, substructures of smart grids are firstly discussed. After this introduction, threats, risks and security requirements will be considered in the smart grid. In the following, different types of cyber-attacks and the best architectural and security strategies will be offered.

A security-based observability method for optimal PMU-sensor placement in WAMS

This paper presents techniques for the application of tertiary and secondary voltage control through the use of intelligent proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers and the wide area measurement system (WAMS) in the IEEE 39 bus system (New England system). The paper includes power system partitioning, pilot bus selection, phasor measurement unit (PMU) placement, and optimal secondary voltage control parameter calculations to enable the application of the proposed voltage control. The power system simulation and analyses were performed using the DIgSILENT and MATLAB software applications. The optimal PMU placement was performed in order to apply secondary voltage control. The tertiary voltage control was performed through an optimal power flow optimization process in order to minimize the active power losses. Two different methods were used to design the PID secondary voltage control, namely, genetic algorithm (GA) and neural network based on genetic algorithm (NNGA). A comparison of system performances using these two methods under different operating conditions is presented. The results show that NNGA secondary PID controllers are more robust than GA ones. The paper also presents a comparison between system performance with and without secondary voltage control, in terms of voltage deviation index and total active power losses. The graph theory is used in system partitioning, and sensitivity analysis is used in pilot bus selection, the results of which proved their effectiveness.

In the evolution and diffusion of information and communication technologies (ICT), the effects of telecommunications on activity and travel behavior need to be understood. In this paper, features of information and communication medium and a concept of activity scheduling are summarized firstly. Daily use of telecommunications and its effects on activity schedule are analyzed using data collected by one-week activity and telecommunication diary survey for students. Analyses of available time for telephone and e-mail communications are presented based on an idea of virtual accessibility. Lastly, future prospects are described about the methods of analyzing ICT and travel proposed in this study.

A computação em nuvem tem se mostrado relevante à área de Tecnologia da Informação à educação, especialmente, em meio à pandemia de COVID-19, em que essa alternativa tecnológica, que carrega infraestrutura dinâmica e flexível, forneceu ambientes computacionais eficientes e flexíveis. Nesta revisão de literatura buscou-se apresentar integração da tecnologia, no contexto brasileiro da educação superior, com destaque à relação entre educação e tecnologia que, embora não seja um fenômeno recente, teve sua interação intensificada com o avanço das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC). Grandes empresas do setor, como Google, Microsoft, entre outras, ampliaram a oferta de TIC em diversos domínios e, não diferentemente, na educação superior, vistas como valiosas aliadas para o e-learning. Durante o período de ensino remoto, devido ao COVID-19 em busca de minimizar os prejuízos socioeducacionais de alunos, ferramentas de compartilhamento de arquivos, videoconferências e ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem tornaram-se essenciais para a continuidade do ensino. Neste trabalho, verificamos que a crescente integração da computação em nuvem no ensino superior é vista como uma ferramenta essencial para auxiliar e melhorar o ensino superior no Brasil. Destaque-se sua relevância no atual cenário educacional articulado com inovação tecnológica, tem sido marcado por desafios e oportunidades.

Over the past few years, information and communication technology has become constantly used in the education especially in the schools, colleges and universities. At the age of globalization technology has its impact upon almost all aspects of life. The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of information and communication technology (ICT) in the motivating University students. The main objectives of the study were to assess motivational features of information and communication technologies as perceived by students. The independent variable of the study was ICT and dependent variable was student’s motivation. Questionnaire was used in the study to collect data. The type of research was survey descriptive research. The sample size of 340 undergraduate students was selected through simple random sampling. Descriptive statistics mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage were used in the study. Inferential statistics i.e., chi square test was employed for statistical analysis of the data through SPSS. The findings of the study show that ICT effects students’ motivation and improves their learning; knowledge retention and understanding. ICT can solve the problems of the students and motivates students.

Wide Area Monitoring and Control (WAMC) of power grids is one application of emerging smart grid technologies. A key feature of smart grids is the use of two-way digital communication between Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs), and system operators and controllers. The performance and security of the communications network is critical in this application. This work developed an emulation of a communication network as a component of a smart grid test-bed. The test-bed consists of a physical emulation of a power system, a number of IEDs, a Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC) and user interface for data acquisition and control connected via a local area network. Network emulation was integrated using Riverbed Modeler, a communications network emulator, utilizing the software's SITL (System-in-the-Loop) capability to interface the IEDs and physical hardware with the network emulation using real-simulation gateways. The emulation enables modeling of various networks and the analysis of operation of the communications network for WAMC applications. This paper presents a methodology of network emulation for this application and analyzes the performance of the emulation as a communications network for smart grid test-beds.

Wide Area Monitoring and Control (WAMC) of power grids is one application from emerging smart grid technologies. WAMC systems require distributed measurement and control devices, for example Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs), a centralized control center(s), WAMC application(s), and two-way digital communication between IEDs, system operators and controllers. Both the performance and security of this system is critical for WAMC applications. A smart grid testbed for the study and development of WAMC systems has been developed. The test-bed consists of a physical emulation of a power system, ten IEDs with integrated Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), a Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC) and user interface for data acquisition and control connected via a local area network. Additionally, emulation of more complex communication networks is achieved using SITL (System-in-the-Loop) communication network simulations to interface the IEDs and other physical hardware. The testbed has the capability of testing and analyzing the performance and the security, both physical and cyber, of WAMC applications. This paper presents an overview of the testbed and discusses the methodology of each system component: power system emulation, communication hardware/emulation, and measurement and control system. Some preliminary results are presented which showcase operation of the testbed.

Electrical Engineering in JapanVolume 93, Issue 4 p. 93-100 Article Voltage regulation characteristics of AC-DC interconnecting point and its suppression method. application of automatic reactive power control to converter station T. Hayashi, T. Hayashi member Central Research Institute of Electric Power IndustrySearch for more papers by this authorT. Machida, T. Machida member Central Research Institute of Electric Power IndustrySearch for more papers by this authorM. Kuboki, M. Kuboki member Tohoku Electric Power Co., Ltd.Search for more papers by this authorN. Watanabe, N. Watanabe member Tohoku Electric Power Co., Ltd.Search for more papers by this authorK. Funaki, K. Funaki member Tohoku Electric Power Co., Ltd.Search for more papers by this author T. Hayashi, T. Hayashi member Central Research Institute of Electric Power IndustrySearch for more papers by this authorT. Machida, T. Machida member Central Research Institute of Electric Power IndustrySearch for more papers by this authorM. Kuboki, M. Kuboki member Tohoku Electric Power Co., Ltd.Search for more papers by this authorN. Watanabe, N. Watanabe member Tohoku Electric Power Co., Ltd.Search for more papers by this authorK. Funaki, K. Funaki member Tohoku Electric Power Co., Ltd.Search for more papers by this author First published: 1973 https://doi.org/10.1002/eej.4390930413AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Volume93, Issue41973Pages 93-100 RelatedInformation

Parental involvement is one of the factors that effectively contributes to students’ learning. One of the existing problems in Malaysian Smart Schools is that parents are not fully utilizing the Smart School Management System (SSMS) due to lack of information, time, training, computer incompetence, and unrecognized features and functions in SSMS. The purpose of this paper is to assess the parental involvement in using SSMS at Malaysian Smart Schools. This paper also ascertained the need for training to utilize SSMS, and identify barriers in using SSMS while improving communication between parents and staff at Smart Schools. Although the integration of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in Malaysian Smart Schools is relatively high, this study found that there was a need to introduce SSMS to parents as stakeholders and get them more involved in using the available resources at Smart Schools. Thus, this study proposed a number of guidelines for Malaysian’s Ministry of Education and Smart Schools in order to create an awareness and get parents engaged in their children’s education by using SSMS.

Microtransit services are a midpoint between standard ride-hailing services and conventional bus fleets from public transit. Microtransit utilizes small buses or vans to provide on-demand shared transport, allowing users to reserve seats, track their trips, and receive real-time estimates of pick-up and drop-off times. While public transit systems in the Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) region are the subject of critical and often contentious policy debates with frequent references to user discontent and an overall decline in quality, microtransit is emerging as an alternative that could improve existing transit systems. Microtransit is argued to be an effective means to extend the coverage of transit services in transit deserts, operating in areas without transit routes and where investments in stations and infrastructure might not be cost effective. Despite its potential benefits, microtransit remains under studied in the LAC region. Based on survey data gathered for Barranquilla, Colombia, and Mexico City, Mexico, this research examines the added value of digital technology features in microtransit. This paper explores individuals' perceptions of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) features present in microtransit and different variables mediating such perceptions. Employing factor analysis, and Structural Equation Models (SEM), ICT features are considered as latent variables and placed as the main outcome of the SEM. Other latent variables encompassing perceptions, such as the quality and safety of public transit, are also included in the model. Results indicate that individuals with pro-car attitudes and those who own cars are more likely to prefer ICT features in microtransit, suggesting a potential for modal shift. Similarly, insecurity in public transit also explains favorable perceptions about the ICT features in microtransit. We also found that higher levels of technological savviness and being a ride-hailing adopter are related to increased valuations of microtransit.

The increasing demand for electricity and the penetration of renewable energy resources into the electrical grid are triggering the electric power system to undergo changes and complex modifications at high, medium and low voltage levels. There are large and complex projects like Smart Grid Gotland that are developing solutions to deal with these challenges. However, there are several scenarios that could be more practical to be first studied at the simulation level. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to propose and develop a co-simulation platform that allows performing real-time monitoring and control tests and simulations for MV/LV grids. This platform combines both electrical and information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure simulations. It consists of a real-time power system simulator (Opal-RT) connected to a communication network emulator (OPNET) through an automatic meter reading interface that is based on commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) and low cost devices like Raspberry Pi and Arduino boards. The platform allows the analysis of realistic MV/LV grids and communication networks and will facilitate the simulation and comparison of low voltage control strategies for real-time test scenarios that could be more complicated to test in the reality due to cost and complexity aspects (i.e. high power losses on the low voltage grid).

Wisdom of the crowds, Technological capabilities and Functional alignment, which when recognised and utilised in innovation processes, can unlock the ability to source, develop and commercialise ideas at rapid pace. The phenomenon is known as technological convergence. By definition, technological convergence is described as the process by which Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) converge towards new and more unified markets. This convergence often leverages the three dimensions of innovation – economic, technical and functional. On the economic side, the focus of a focal firm is on maximising profits with minimal costs under resource constraints brought about in-part by liberalisation of markets. In this regard, open innovation which involves harnessing wisdom of the crowds at the fuzzy front-end of the innovation process has increasingly been promoted as a pragmatic mechanism for accessing widely distributed knowledge (Thanasopon, Papdopoulos & Vidgen, 2016), in large firms (Brunswicker & Chesbrough, 2018) and SMEs (Vanhaverbeke, Frattini, Roijakkers & Usman, 2018). On the technical side, the main driver has been the rise of enabling technologies, at times revolutioning social behaviour but mostly brought about through incremental shifts in technical abilities. Finally, convergence is realised through functional alignment, characterised by integration of computational, behaviour and communication factors in a unique value-proposition delivered through new product or new service (Canals, Torres & Borés, 2001). The growing prominence of technological convergence means firms can no longer afford to work in silos or rely on proprietory waterfall solutions to achieve competitive advantage and influence societal progress. Here, we build on our July 2018 editorial which emphasised the cumulative importance of management research and management practice working together for societal progress. W-T-F is offered here as the fundamental trilogy that both managers and researchers need to address to survive and thrive in an increasingly digitised and globally-connected world. (...)