Dynamic query visualisations on World Wide Web clients: a DHTML solution for maps and scattergrams

Dynamic Queries and Brushing on Choropleth Maps

Personal digital assistant (PDA) applications to improve the effectiveness and reliability in geotechnical investigations have been developed. Because of PDA's legerity and mobility, it is an excellent choice for use with a simple global position system (GPS) in geotechnical field work, such as site reconnaissance, subsurface investigation, surface investigation, safety evaluation, testing, and instrumentation. Using PDAs in geotechnical engineering can save traditional field paper forms, avoid repeated record input, reduce the risk of wrong data interpretation, and shorten the time and space “barrier” between the office and the field. After the field data are collected on the PDA, they can be transferred to a desktop personal computer (PC) for further processing and reporting. The desktop PC is designated to handle more complicated analyses and visual presentations. Specialized functions of applications to operate PDA and GPS, as well as for the desktop PC, were developed according to the characteristics of the geotechnical tasks. The concept and framework were applied for three geotechnical assistant systems: drilling investigation assistant system, surface geologic investigation assistant system, and slope safety evaluation assistant system. In addition, an example illustrates the application of GPS, PDA, and geographic information systems for debris flow reconnaissance. Using PDAs improves the effectiveness and reliability of geotechnical investigations and is promising for further development.

Choropleth mapping plays an important role in exploratory spatial data analysis. Several objectives have been suggested to guide choropleth map construction. These objectives, however, often conflict and, consequently, a choropleth map that is best for one objective may not be best for others. Choosing a set of choropleth class intervals is thus a multiobjective problem. This article describes an open‐source software toolkit, called ChoroWare that is designed to help cartographers identify class intervals that are suitable for a specific application. The software uses a genetic algorithm to generate a set of nondominated solutions to the multiobjective choropleth class interval problem and uses an interactive visualization tool to display members of this classification set. Using ChoroWare, cartographers can examine trade‐offs between alternatives and find desirable choropleth classifications that meet their objectives.

In order to overcome the problems of low precision of visual information mining and long time consuming of visual view generation in traditional interactive information visualization model, this paper proposes the application of data mining in the design of interactive information visualization model. Firstly, the decision tree algorithm of data mining algorithm is used to mine the interactive visual information. Based on the mining results, interactive information visualization reference model, interactive information visualization data state reference model and interactive information resource visualization model are constructed. Through the above model, the visual mapping processing of interactive information can be completed, and the visual view can be generated for the visual display of interactive information. The experimental results show that, compared with the traditional visualization model, the constructed visualization model has higher data mining accuracy, and can effectively shorten the generation time of visualization view and improve the efficiency of data processing.

Data visualization has been widely utilized in various scenarios in data analytics for business purposes, especially helping novice readers make sense of complex dataset with interactive functions. However, due to an insufficient theoretical understanding of the process of developing interactive functions and visual presentations, interactive data visualization tools often display all available automatic graphing functions in front of users, instead of guiding them to choose a visualization based on their demands. Thus, this paper is intended to construct a process of developing interactive visualization with a specific focus on enabling the interoperation between design and interpretation. Stemmed from organizational semiotics, an abductive process will be portrayed in this paper to interpret the process of developing interactive data visualization. Especially the interactive functions will be employed in an iterative process, where producers can be aware of and respond to readers’ information demands on semantic, pragmatic and social levels.

In wireless networks,the authenticity and uniqueness of node identities are essential to the fundamental operations such as routing, resource allocation, and intrusion detection. In this paper, we investigate Sybil attack, an attack in which a malicious node illegitimately acquires multiple identities and performs as these nodes simultaneously. We propose an effective approach to monitoring and detecting such attacks by integrating network security and visualization methods. The security component explores the time-varying network topology and its statistical and geometry information to detect the existence of Sybil attacks. The visualization component incorporates the detection results and provides an effective mechanism to illustrate abnormal topology patterns and locate fake identities. These two components are integrated into a practical system that takes advantage of both interactive visualization and intelligent security methods. Experimental studies are conducted to investigate the impacts of the network parameters such as node connectivity on the detection capability of the proposed mechanism.

Abstract. Network analysis has become an important approach in studying complex spatiotemporal behaviour within geophysical observation and simulation data. This new field produces increasing numbers of large geo-referenced networks to be analysed. Particular focus lies currently on the network analysis of the complex statistical interrelationship structure within climatological fields. The standard procedure for such network analyses is the extraction of network measures in combination with static standard visualisation methods. Existing interactive visualisation methods and tools for geo-referenced network exploration are often either not known to the analyst or their potential is not fully exploited. To fill this gap, we illustrate how interactive visual analytics methods in combination with geovisualisation can be tailored for visual climate network investigation. Therefore, the paper provides a problem analysis relating the multiple visualisation challenges to a survey undertaken with network analysts from the research fields of climate and complex systems science. Then, as an overview for the interested practitioner, we review the state-of-the-art in climate network visualisation and provide an overview of existing tools. As a further contribution, we introduce the visual network analytics tools CGV and GTX, providing tailored solutions for climate network analysis, including alternative geographic projections, edge bundling, and 3-D network support. Using these tools, the paper illustrates the application potentials of visual analytics for climate networks based on several use cases including examples from global, regional, and multi-layered climate networks.

This article introduces constraint-based breakpoints, a technique for designing responsive visualizations for a wide variety of screen sizes and datasets. Breakpoints in responsive visualization define when different visualization designs are shown. Conventionally, breakpoints are static, pre-defined widths, and as such do not account for changes to the visualized dataset or visualization parameters. To guarantee readability and efficient use of space across datasets, these static breakpoints would require manual updates. Constraint-based breakpoints solve this by evaluating visualization-specific constraints on the size of visual elements, overlapping elements, and the aspect ratio of the visualization and available space. Once configured, a responsive visualization with constraint-based breakpoints can adapt to different screen sizes for any dataset. We describe a framework that guides designers in creating a stack of visualization designs for different display sizes and defining constraints for each of these designs. We demonstrate constraint-based breakpoints for different data types and their visualizations: geographic data (choropleth map, proportional circle map, Dorling cartogram, hexagonal grid map, bar chart, waffle chart), network data (node-link diagram, adjacency matrix, arc diagram), and multivariate data (scatterplot, heatmap).

Interactive visualization of multiresolution image stacks in 3D

IntroductionThe human visual system plays a critical role in high-performance tasks, including sports and activities requiring visuomotor performance. While supercompensation is well-documented in aerobic exercise, its effects on visual performance following anaerobic exercise remain unclear. This study investigates whether short-term exhaustive exercise enhances post-exercise visual performance, with a focus on accommodation facility, saccadic eye movements, speed of recognition, peripheral awareness, hand-eye coordination, and visual memory.MethodsA randomised controlled trial was conducted with 128 participants. Participants completed baseline visual assessments followed by a 30-s Wingate Anaerobic Test (n = 68) or no intervention (control group) (n = 60). The same visual tests were repeated immediately post-exercise. Statistical analyses included t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and effect size calculations (Cohen’s d). Multiple comparison corrections (Bonferroni and Holm) were applied to control for family-wise error rates.ResultsThe experimental group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in visual performance compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Large effect sizes were observed for hand-eye coordination (ES = 1.539), accommodation facility (ES = 1.138), speed of recognition (ES = 1.007), and peripheral awareness (ES = 0.823). Moderate effect sizes were noted for saccadic eye movements for both the left and right charts (ES = 0.679). Post-hoc multiple comparison corrections confirmed significant improvements in speed of recognition, hand-eye coordination, and peripheral awareness (P < 0.000), while accommodation facility showed marginal significance before correction but became non-significant afterward. Visual memory did not significantly differ between groups (P = 0.065).ConclusionThis study highlights that short-term exhaustive exercise can induce transient enhancements in visual performance, particularly in tasks requiring rapid recognition, coordination, and peripheral awareness. Whether similar effects occur in athletes, who likely start from a higher baseline of performance than physically inactive individuals participants, remains unknown. Such visual supercompensation could be valuable for athletes and professionals in fast-paced environments, offering an opportunity to optimise visual-motor function before performance-critical tasks.

The study of tourism destination images is of great significance in the tourism discipline. Tourism user-generated content (UGC), i.e., the feedback on tourism websites, provides rich information for constructing a destination image. However, it is difficult for tourism researchers to obtain a relatively complete and intuitive destination image due to the unintuitive destination image display, the significant variance in departure time and data length, and the destination type in UGC. We propose TDIVis, a carefully designed visual analytics system, aimed at obtaining a relatively comprehensive destination image. Specifically, a keyword-based sentiment visualization method is proposed to associate the cognitive image with the emotional image, and by this method, both time evolution analysis and classification analysis are considered; a multi-attribute association double sequence visualization method is proposed to associate two different types of text sequences and provide a dynamic visual encoding interaction method for the multi-attribute characteristics of sequences. The effectiveness and usability of TDIVis are demonstrated through four cases and a user study.

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have demonstrated impressive performance in complex machine learning tasks such as classification and regression problems. A reliable neural network structure plays a decisive role in CNN studies. Through comparing and analyzing the structure of neural networks, a model structure for better visualization performance has been discovered, and such a method supports the development of deep learning research. These studies are of particular importance in end-to-end systems for autonomous driving to imitate human driving, where the interpretability of the system is limited. Because of the uncertainty of the ground truth, for the determination of human steering in an image, it is difficult to accurately compare the visualization performance of different CNN models or different visualization methods. For practical applications, however, an objective and quantitative measure for assessing visualization performance is necessary. Therefore, a method to evaluate the visualization performance of CNN models using a driver model instead of human drivers is proposed, to generate a data set which can be used to determine the decisional point (ground truth) in the input image. Then, an exclusive method is also put forth, to quantitatively calculate the relationship between the decisional point (ground truth) and the visualization results produced by CNN models. In this paper, five CNN models as an autonomous steering controller are designed based on PilotNet, and the visualization abilities of each CNN models is compared by three evaluation indicators. By comparing the visualization performance of five different CNN models, it is shown that the proposed method can successfully assess the visualization level of the CNN model.

We studied 75 normal subjects and three commissurotomized patients using unimanual simple reaction times to lateralized flashes as a behavioural estimate of interhemispheric transmission time. Three different versions of the paradigm were performed: (i) the basic task; (ii) a motor task, with an increased complexity of the motor response; and (iii) a visual task, with an increased complexity of the visual stimulus presentation. We tested two hypotheses. First, that the new versions of the simple reaction time task result in shifts in hemispheric specialization for processing motor output (indicated by a main effect of response hand) or visual input (indicated by a main effect of visual field) alone, without affecting callosal transmission. In that case normals and split brain patients would show no significant task by response hand by visual field interaction and no significant task by crossed-uncrossed difference interaction. Secondly, that the new versions of the task affect callosal transfer. In that case, normals, but not split brain patients, would show a significant task by response hand by visual field interaction and a significant task by crossed-uncrossed difference interaction. Results are consistent with the latter hypothesis, showing that the motor task significantly changed the response hand by visual field interaction and the crossed-uncrossed difference, but only in normal subjects, perhaps producing a switch in the callosal channel subserving the interhemispheric transfer.

With the rapid development of digital media technology, digital media context emerges as the times require. Visual communication design also presents language features, aesthetic features and communication features, which have a great impact on visual communication design to a certain extent. However, based on the analysis of the actual situation, visual communication design is still in the situation of challenges and opportunities. Based on this, this paper studies the multiple characteristics of visual communication design in digital media environment. This paper expounds the main characteristics of visual communication design, and analyzes the changes of visual communication design performance in the digital media era. It also discusses the influence of digital media era on visual communication design from three dimensions: changing the form of information dissemination, promoting the development of multidimensional design and realizing virtual design. Finally, the paper compares the visual communication design based on digital media environment with the traditional visual communication design method, aiming to provide reference for the digital development of visual communication design. Research shows that visual communication design can reflect the characteristics of digital media era, break through the limitations of time and space, and bring more aesthetic experience to people. It is worth noting that on the basis of the visual impact brought by digital media technology, it is necessary to alleviate the contradiction between the progress of the times and the development of visual communication design.

On the basis of an analysis of musical performances on the popular Danish entertainment show The Record Parade (Pladeparade, 1957–63), I investigate how musical genre and visual presentation intersect in early Danish television. Using a distinction between acting and posing taken from Simon Frith's analysis of popular music performance (1996: 205ff), I suggest that it is possible to distinguish between three basic modes of musical performances on television, namely acting, posing, and playing. Visual presentation in the first mode renders the lyrics; in the second, the performer as idol; and in the third, the musicianship. I argue that television helped shape a heightened awareness of genre distinction within the field of popular music by emphasizing differences in visual impressions and performance attitudes, even before an awareness of genre became manifest stylistically in the music itself.