Dynamic taint tracking for Java with phosphor (demo)

Software security has drawn much attention recently. As an effective approach to detect software vulnerabilities and improve software security, dynamic taint analysis has been frequently researched in the last few years. In this paper, we implement a dynamic taint tracking system LTTS. In order to address the efficiency problem which exists in many of the current taint tracking systems, we also propose a taint behavior summary mechanism to optimize the system. According to our experiments, LTTS has achieved relative high efficiency compared to the existing techniques.

Today’s Smartphone operating systems frequently fail to provide users with adequate control and visibility into how the third-party applications use their private data. With TaintDroid realized on Android system, we can detect user’s implicit taint and privacy leakage. But TaintDroid has some inherent defects. To better detect user’s implicit taint and privacy leakage in the Android platform, this paper analyzes implicit taint detection and then proposes an automated detection system based on dynamic taint tracking, called TaintChaser. Monitoring sensitive data with TaintChaser provides informed use of third-party applications for phone users and valuable input for smart-phone security service firms seeking to identify misbehaving applications. TaintChaser can detect behaviors of user’s data leakage in Android applications at a fine granularity level and the system can also analyze and test massive Android software in an automatic way. It uses TaintChaser to automatically analyze 38,268 popular Android applications and finds that 34.41 % of them may leak user’s privacy.

Dynamic information flow tracking (also known as taint tracking) is an appealing approach to combat various security attacks. However, the performance of applications can severely degrade without hardware support for tracking taints. This paper observes that information flow tracking can be efficiently emulated using deferred exception tracking in microprocessors supporting speculative execution. Based on this observation, we propose SHIFT, a low-overhead, software-based dynamic information flow tracking system to detect a wide range of attacks. The key idea is to treat tainted state (describing untrusted data) as speculative state (describing deferred exceptions). SHIFT leverages existing architectural support for speculative execution to track tainted state in registers and needs to instrument only load and store instructions to track tainted state in memory using a bitmap, which results in significant performance advantages. Moreover, by decoupling mechanisms for taint tracking from security policies, SHIFT can detect a wide range of exploits, including high-level semantic attacks. We have implemented SHIFT using the Itanium processor, which has support for deferred exceptions, and by modifying GCC to instrument loads and stores. A security assessment shows that SHIFT can detect both low-level memory corruption exploits as well as high-level semantic attacks with no false positives. Performance measurements show that SHIFT incurs about 1% overhead for server applications. The performance slowdown for SPEC-INT2000 is 2.81X and 2.27X for tracking at byte-level and wordlevel respectively. Minor architectural improvements to the Itanium processor (adding three simple instructions) can reduce the performance slowdown down to 2.32X and 1.8X for byte-level and word-level tracking, respectively.

The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) Robotics Collaborative Technology Alliance (CTA) conducted an assessment and evaluation of multiple algorithms for real-time detection of pedestrians in Laser Detection and Ranging (LADAR) and video sensor data taken from a moving platform. The algorithms were developed by Robotics CTA members and then assessed in field experiments jointly conducted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and ARL. A robust, accurate and independent pedestrian tracking system was developed to provide ground truth. The ground truth was used to evaluate the CTA member algorithms for uncertainty and error in their results. A real-time display system was used to provide early detection of errors in data collection.

In this paper, an indoor real-time location tracking system is proposed using ultra-high frequency passive radio frequency identification technology. A dynamic k nearest neighbor driven hidden Markov model is developed to track subsequent positions of moving objects by combining static localization with dynamic tracking. Statistically validated regression models are developed to relate the tags’ received signal strength indicator and distance, which are iteratively updated over time to accommodate environmental changes. These models are utilized to generate a fingerprint database, which is used by the dynamic k nearest neighbor to estimate the set of potential locations for targeted tagged objects. The probabilistic likelihoods of tags’ potential locations based on the current location and the received signal strength indicator(s) are used to construct the hidden Markov model’s transition and emission matrixes, respectively. Finally, the performance of the proposed framework is evaluated by a set of experiments given different factors, such as movement pattern and speed. Results reveal that our proposed framework can track objects with an average tracking error as low as 0.36m.

Small target detection and dynamic target continuous tracking are difficulties in the field of target detection and tracking respectively. The experimental results show that the smaller the target size is, the lower the detection accuracy is, the more dynamic the target is, and the lower the tracking accuracy is. This paper presents a high dynamic small target detection and tracking system which is composed of a yolov4 network, KCF tracker, and Kalman filter prediction algorithm. In this system, the detection network is divided into global and local levels, in which the global network is used for initial detection and re-detection after tracking failure, while the local detection network and tracker are used for real-time tracking of small targets, a more robust system is constructed. Compared with the original target detection network, this method weakens the influence of external factors such as the change of target shape and the fast-moving speed on the detection accuracy. The recognition rate of the small target is more than 96%, and the detection accuracy achieves 78%.

Hardware information flow tracking based on lightweight path awareness

Portable oxygen devices simplify and facilitate patient therapy. This study was designed to compare S(pO2) and patient satisfaction with a portable oxygen concentrator or a combined system consisting of a fixed device with continuous-flow oxygen dispensation and a portable device with pulse dispensation for ambulation. This crossover trial assessed 25 subjects with COPD (92% men, mean age of 72.2 ± 7.4 y, mean FEV1 of 34.14 ± 12.51% of predicted) at 4 hospitals in Madrid. All subjects had previously used the combined system, consisting of a fixed oxygenation system and a portable system for ambulation, with 16 (64%) using stationary and portable concentrators and 9 (36%) using a stationary reservoir and portable liquid oxygen bag. Oxygenation settings at rest and while walking were determined at baseline. Subjects were maintained on the previous combined system for 1 week and then switched to the portable oxygen concentrator for 1 week. Mean S(pO2) over 24 h was calculated using the software in the oximeter, and compliance was monitored (Visionox). Low S(pO2) (< 90%) was significantly more frequent during use of the portable concentrator alone than with the combined system (37.1% vs 18.4%, P < .05). The portable system alone was preferred by 43% of subjects, and the combined system was preferred by 36%, whereas 21% were not sure. Subjects preferred using a single portable oxygenation system both at home and during ambulation. Portable systems alone, however, did not supply the same levels of oxygenation as the combination of fixed and portable systems. Before the widespread adoption of portable systems as a single device, additional studies are needed to determine best-practice protocols for adjustment of daytime and nighttime oxygenation settings. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT02079753).

Life cycle assessment of biochar produced from forest residues using portable systems

We proposed a simple visual method for evaluating the dynamic tumor tracking (DTT) accuracy of a gimbal mechanism using a light field. A single photon beam was set with a field size of 30×30 mm2 at a gantry angle of 90°. The center of a cube phantom was set up at the isocenter of a motion table, and 4D modeling was performed based on the tumor and infrared (IR) marker motion. After 4D modeling, the cube phantom was replaced with a sheet of paper, which was placed perpendicularly, and a light field was projected on the sheet of paper. The light field was recorded using a web camera in a treatment room that was as dark as possible. Calculated images from each image obtained using the camera were summed to compose a total summation image. Sinusoidal motion sequences were produced by moving the phantom with a fixed amplitude of 20 mm and different breathing periods of 2, 4, 6, and 8 s. The light field was projected on the sheet of paper under three conditions: with the moving phantom and DTT based on the motion of the phantom, with the moving phantom and non‐DTT, and with a stationary phantom for comparison. The values of tracking errors using the light field were 1.12±0.72, 0.31±0.19, 0.27±0.12, and 0.15±0.09 mm for breathing periods of 2, 4, 6, and 8 s, respectively. The tracking accuracy showed dependence on the breathing period. We proposed a simple quality assurance (QA) process for the tracking accuracy of a gimbal mechanism system using a light field and web camera. Our method can assess the tracking accuracy using a light field without irradiation and clearly visualize distributions like film dosimetry.PACS number(s): 87.56 Fc, 87.55.Qr

The application incorporates all the unique features such as real-time location tracking and integrate all the features offered by the existing system such as GPS tracking, SOS. The application requires an initial registration along with emergency contacts and the user is asked to update the emergency contacts from time to time. When the user is travelling from one place to another, the dynamic GPS tracking offered by PubNub's channel is turned on to view the user's location on a map. Users with the same app can monitor other users with this app through the dynamic GPS Tracking system through the PubNub channel. When the SOS button is pressed then an alert message which contains the name of the user, GPS Location and a help message is sent via SMS. The user has access to first-aid information and toll free helpline phone numbers. All the information and data is integrated with Firebase.

A portable TDCR system

In this paper a novel human tracking FPGA design based on particle filter algorithm is proposed. The proposed tracking system uses Particle filter as a real time and iterative tracking algorithm in order to achieve the ability of tracking high dynamic objects. The proposed algorithm is simulated by ise14.2 using FPGA core family virtex6 (xc6vcx75T). The optimality of the proposed algorithm was verified using Matlab. This algorithm has free input size which can be extended conveniently up to the FPGA constraints. In order to have a high precession tracking system, the proposed algorithm generates 300 particles which are evaluated and updated according to their suitability. The proposed tracking algorithm consists of 11 units and shows high optimality in important tracking system parameters such as: speed, maximum frequency and latency compared to the previous works.

Against the backdrop of rapid technological development, the demand for automated monitoring systems in fields such as security protection, intelligent transportation, and industrial production is constantly increasing. Traditional monitoring systems rely on manual operation and suffer from issues such as low efficiency and high costs. To address these issues, a dynamic target tracking and control system based on MSP430 microcontroller is proposed. The system uses MSP430F5529 microcontroller as the core controller, combined with OpenMV4-H7 image recognition system, and processes image information through digital PID algorithm to achieve real-time capture and accurate tracking of dynamic targets. The experimental results show that the system can accurately output two PWM waves, control the two-dimensional electric pan tilt, ensure that the laser pen is accurately projected onto the target screen, and significantly improve monitoring efficiency and accuracy.

A 2D-3D autostereoscopic switchable display based on multi-distance dynamic directional backlight is introduced in this paper. The working principle and design process of the system are described in detail as well. Our prototype consists of a multi-distance dynamic directional backlight, LCD panel, and eye tracking system. The multi-distance dynamic directional backlight includes an LED array and corresponding driving circuit. The LEDs in the array are controlled in synchronization with the vertical synchronization signal of the LCD panel. The prototype can measure stereoacuity of the viewer’s eyes in different viewing distance with full resolution, low crosstalk, and 2D-3D compatibility. Combined with mechanical structure and eye tracking technique, the system can measure stereoacuity at 0.4, 1.0, and 5.0 m. Also, a multi-distance autostereoscopic display prototype is fabricated and demonstrated experimentally. It shows that the viewer can perceive high-quality 3D images in different distance. Without the auxiliary glasses, the crosstalk is about 5%. Our prototype is also compatible with active shutter glasses. In conjunction with active shutter glasses, the crosstalk is about 1%, just next to that of commercial display (View Sonic VX2268WM).