E-CER: Recovery Paths to Deviate Packets During a Failure in IP Backbones with OSPF

Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) usually suffer from high packet loss and high link failure rates. These challenges usually increase congestion on some links while other links are almost free. In this paper, we propose a novel mechanism to enhance QoS in multipath routing protocols in MANETs based on the InfiniBand (IB) QoS architecture. The basic idea of our approach is to enhance the load balancing and thus reduce congestion on overloaded links. This mechanism has enabled us to (1) give critical applications higher priority when routing their packets across the network, (2) effectively manage frequent connections and disconnections and thus reduce link failures and packet loss rates, and (3) reduce the overall power consumption as a consequence of the previous gains. We have tested the scheme on the (IBsim) simulator and achieved significant improvements in QoS parameters compared to two well- known routing protocols: AODV and AOMDV.

<p>With the development of information technology, cold chain logistics monitoring systems are widely used in transportation of fresh food to detect the quality parameters in real time. Poor network transmission performance, high packet loss rate and high maintenance cost are the main problems in the current cold chain logistics monitoring. To solve these problems, the paper presents a low-power monitoring system based on Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT). Considering the characteristics of the moving carriage, the polling mode of Bluetooth is proposed for the communication of one sink node to three sensor nodes. An improved working sequence is designed to reduce the power consumption of Bluetooth modules. Subsequently, analyzing the standard NB-IoT terminal state transition diagram, combining with the practical applications of cold chain logistics, an improved terminal state transition diagram is proposed and its terminal power consumption is analyzed. In the experimental test, the packet loss rate is less than 1% within 8 km. And the battery life of improved Bluetooth module is 143 times of that of traditional one. The power consumption of main service of NB-IoT is discussed, the formula is given which includes the transmission quality, random access times, number of concurrent users, sleep interval and other parameters. Through simulation and calculate, the battery life of terminal is up to 17 years. These improvements will greatly reduce the cost of cold chain logistics monitoring system. In addition, the packet loss rate test experiment proves the high reliability of the communication system.</p> <p> </p>

The complex and diverse environments of sports venues can cause monitoring equipment to be interfered with by other wireless devices, leading to incomplete data transmission and a high packet loss rate. To overcome this challenge, this paper investigates intelligent monitoring and effect evaluation of athletes’ training processes. A real-time monitoring method based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology is proposed, which deploys various sensors and devices to collect training data in real time. The collected data undergoes in-depth analysis and feature extraction to achieve optimized real-time output. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves the lowest average packet loss rateof1.33%, with a maximum packet loss rate of 2% occurring when the node number is 3 and 9,660 data packets are sent. In comparison, wearable devices have an average packet loss rate of 3.33% and a maximum of 6%, while video analysis technology records the highest average packet loss rate of 6% and a maximum close to 8%. Conclusion: The proposed monitoring method reduces environmental interference and maintains a low packet loss rate during data transmission, supporting athletes in effectively improving their performance.

In view of the shortcomings of the existing communication security assessment methods, such as long communication transmission delay and high packet loss rate, a communication security assessment method integrating TST (timeslot switching) switching network matrix is proposed. Firstly, a TST switching network matrix needs to be created, then control measures are selected according to the communication security standards, and the weight values corresponding to the control measures are solved. According to the weight value, the communication control measures are classified. Finally, the best communication scheme is obtained by calculating the compromise rate, and the mathematical model of the communication security assessment method is constructed. Experimental results show that this method has short communication delay, low packet loss rate and high security.

Problems such as high delay,high packet loss rate,low stability and reliability exist in current handoff scheme.To solve these problems,a dual-link communication mechanism and a dual-link selection were proposed,and the data transmission algorithm was presented in this paper to acquire accurate signal quality by smooth processing and control the handoff between two communication links at appropriate time by threshold of difference value and packet forwarding using dual-thread.The experimental results show that compared with the single link mechanism,no delayed pulse exists in dual-link mechanism,the packet loss rate is close to zero and the average throughput is increased by 20%.This mechanism can be applied to many environments owing high-speed mobile subnet such as metro,highway,etc.

RETRACTED: Design and research on wireless intelligent monitoring system for sewage pipeline leakage of textile mill

For the purpose of saving the resources of wireless sensor networks, it is necessary to fuse the existing data in wireless sensor networks. When using the current method to fuse data in wireless sensor networks, the fusing time is too long to remove the noise signal in wireless sensor networks effectively. In the process of fusing, data packet loss is easy to occur. There are some problems such as low fusion efficiency, poor denoising performance and high packet loss rate. A multi-path data hierarchical fusion method based on routing algorithm is proposed in this paper. The redundant node decision method based on mesh partitioning is combined with the grid algorithm and EECRS protocol to establish a routing protocol based on redundant node elimination, and the redundant data existing in the redundant nodes of the wireless sensor network is removed. Based on the statistical data of the data, the probability density function is deduced and analyzed, and the noise filtering matrix is constructed to optimize the measurement matrix and remove the noise existing in the wireless sensor network. The multi-path scheduling technology is used to synthesize the pheromone table and the data forwarding flow table, and the ant is used to actively monitor the link QOS real-time information in the path finding process to update the pheromone table and the flow table, and calculate the link idle rate according to the update result. According to the calculation result, the data transmission path is selected, and the multi-path data layer fusion is completed. The experimental results show that the proposed method has high fusion efficiency, good denoising performance and low packet loss rate.

Multi-Layered Satellite Network (MLSN) is a kind of delay tolerant network with characters of intermittent connection, long packet queuing time, complex and uncertain delay time, etc. The call congestion rate of new business is higher in delay tolerant network which leads to the reduction of communication quality and the high packet loss rate. The existing traffic control scheme is hard to meet the individual requirements of new business. It becomes more and more important to study the most effective traffic control scheme so as to increase the satellite bandwidth utilization. According to the nuclear chain reaction of atomic physics, a novel traffic control method based on chain reaction model (TCCR) is presented in this paper to realize dynamic data transmission and control for MLSN. The optimal flow distribution scheme will be obtained by analyzing the network transmission information in this algorithm. Simulation by OPENT is done which proves that TCCR can obviously improve the network total throughput, shorten link transmission delay, and reduce packet loss rate of MLSN.

We uncover the reality of traffic differentiation in mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) networks and shed new light on its negative impact on the accuracy of available bandwidth (i.e., the unused capacity of an end-to-end path) estimation methods that use a probing packet train (i.e., a set of multiple probing packets). To the best of our knowledge, we report, for the first time, that multiple operational LTE MVNO networks in the Asian region are very likely to differentiate traffic according to the time of day. We find, also for the first time, that when a sender transmits a packet train to a receiver during a period of traffic differentiation, the packet loss rate of the packet train jumps up, thus degrading the accuracy of available bandwidth estimation as the packet train is corrupted by the high packet loss rate. As a countermeasure, we propose a method called PathQuick4 for accurately estimating the available bandwidth while remaining robust against traffic differentiation. The key idea is that we dynamically judge whether traffic differentiation occurs through inline measurement of packet loss characteristics by using a single packet train itself, without transmitting any extra probing packets. From this judgement, we then choose either packet-train-or packet-pair-based bandwidth estimation as appropriate. An experimental evaluation over three operational Japanese LTE MVNO networks showed that the overall estimation error of PathQuick4 across the three MVNOs during periods of traffic differentiation was close to an order of magnitude less than the error of a conventional method.

Aiming at the problems of high energy consumption and packet loss rate, long delay and poor fault tolerance of existing information transmission rate control methods, a practical vehicle-based passive vehicle communication information transmission rate control method is proposed. The average relative speed of vehicles and the number of neighbour vehicle nodes are selected as input parameters. The cluster head is selected by using fuzzy logic, and the cluster stability is set to the long duration of the cluster. The effective connection time model of the cluster vehicles' communication link is constructed. Taking the effective connection time model and channel capacity as constraints, the Shannon information concept and the maximum utility function are used to obtain the optimal information transmission rate of the current node. Experimental results show that the proposed method has lower-energy consumption and delay, less packet loss, and better fault-tolerant performance than the current research results.

The user experience on watching live video sequences transmitted over a Flying Ad-Hoc Networks (FANETs) must be considered to drop packets in overloaded queues, in scenarios with high buffer overflow and packet loss rate. In this paper, we introduce a context-aware adaptation mechanism to manage overloaded buffers. More specifically, we propose a utility function to compute the dropping probability of each packet in overloaded queues based on video context information, such as frame importance, packet deadline, and sensing relevance. In this way, the proposed mechanism drops the packet that adds the minimum video distortion. Simulation evaluation shows that the proposed adaptation mechanism provides real-time multimedia dissemination with QoE support in a multi-hop, multi-flow, and mobile network environments.

Traditional single next hop routing that chooses the best paths is an important cause of today's network congestion problem, and it can lead to high packet loss rate when link failure happens. In this paper, a routing protocol called MNHRIP (multi next hop routing information protocol) based on modified RIP is provided to solve these two problems. The method of constructing directed routing graph is introduced to design MNHRIP. MNHRIP can provide more than one next hop and be loop free when forwarding data with these multi next hops in parallel. The performance of MNHRIP is evaluated by the extended SSFNet software. The results show that MNHRIP can greatly solve the congestion problem caused by traditional single next hop routing and the high packet loss rate can be greately reduced when link failure happens.

Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is the core component of the smart grid. As the wireless connection between smart meters in AMI is featured with high packet loss and low transmission rate, AMI is considered as a representative of the low power and lossy networks (LLNs). In such communication environment, the routing protocol in AMI network is essential to ensure the reliability and real-time of data transmission. The IPv6 routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks (RPL), proposed by IETF ROLL working group, is considered to be the best routing solution for the AMI communication environment. However, the performance of RPL can be seriously degraded due to jamming attack. In this paper, we analyze the performance degradation problem of RPL protocol under jamming attack. We propose a backup node selection mechanism based on the standard RPL protocol. The proposed mechanism chooses a predefined number of backup nodes that maximize the probability of successful transmission. We evaluation the proposed mechanism through MATLAB simulations, results show the proposed mechanism improves the performance of RPL under jamming attack prominently.

In response to the challenge of high packet loss rates due to poor mobility of PCs, we introduce a sustainable design evaluation system centered around wireless network handheld terminals. This system combines hardware components, including microprocessor and wireless communication modules, to achieve wireless data transmission and program debugging. In the software domain, a configurable communication protocol is employed to establish an ecological data communication module supporting wireless network handheld terminals. Leveraging real-time monitoring data from multiple points, we introduce an information fusion algorithm and construct a green ecological sustainability design evaluation model. Notably, experimental results reveal that our system outperforms alternatives based on sensor and RFID technologies. It exhibits a lower packet loss rate and extends the distance of zero packet loss, highlighting its advantages in data communication.

For achieving fast accesses the cloud's big data through mobile smart node, an extreme high data rate for the forwarding link under high-mobility wireless communications is necessary. 3GPP thus specifies LTE/LTE-Advanced specifications as the 4G system to cooperate with the existing UMTS system. To balance loads among different communication interfaces in the hybrid cellular system is one of the most important issues that should be addressed for achieving efficient radio resource allocations. In a shared packet service, the 3GPP UMTS adopts the VSF-OFCDM interface to allocate orthogonal codes of an OVSF code tree in two-dimension spreading of the time and frequency domains. However, UMTS suffers from high packet loss rate and high bandwidth waste rate. In 4G, although the LTE/LTE-Advanced interface offers a high data rate, it suffers from unbalanced loads and moderate reward. This paper thus proposes an adaptive radio interface selection for balancing loads between the UMTS and LTE/LTE-Advanced interfaces according to various interference and mobility environments. Numerical results indicate that the proposed approach outperforms other approaches in fairness, FRL, utilization and call blocking.