Earnings Quality and Price Informativeness:

Recent accounting and management literature shows that demographic character-istics of top management and corporate performance are related. Accordingly, using a two-stage least squares regression model (2SLS), this study examines the relationship between some management demographic characteristics including CEO tenure, gender and level of education with earnings quality and auditor choice. Sample includes the 420 firm-year observations from companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2013 to 2017 and research hypothesis was tested using multivariate regression models. The results show a significant and positive association between managers education level and higher auditor quality choice. In addition, we find that firms with female directors in the composition of the board of directors and with higher education levels, have higher earnings quality. The current study is almost the first study which has been conducted in Iran, so the findings of the study not only extend the extant theoretical literature in developing countries including emerging capital market of Iran, but also help investors, capital market regulators and accounting standard setters to make in-formed decisions.

The study examined the effect of corporate governance and audit quality on the quality of earnings. Corporate governance with board diversity is measured from the aspect of age and educational background members of the board of directors. Audit quality is measured based public accounting firm that audited by a big four firm/non-big four. The study measures the quality of earnings with discretionary accruals. This study used a sample of 160 non-financial companies listed on the Stock Exchange in 2010-2013, bringing the total observation in this study was 640 samples. The results provide empirical evidence that the age member of the board of directors does not affect the quality of earnings, a background study also does not affect the quality of earnings. Quality audits also show the results do not affect the quality of earnings.

This study evaluated the impact of earnings quality on abnormal returns on listed companies at Tehran Stock Exchange. In this study, quality of earnings and abnormal returns in the time domain between the years 2006 to 2011 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange will be tested. The present study was quasi-experimental and ex post facto and Based on actual market data and financial statements of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange was and using information from the financial statements of 132 listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange and using multiple linear regression analysis, using the software SPSS16 results The results of this study indicate that the results of the test show that the first sub-hypothesis. The size of the abnormal returns between earnings quality is impressive. Findings the second sub-hypothesis testing shows that the growth rate of firms with abnormal returns between earnings quality influences.

Female board representation is increasingly debated in research and practice. This paper problematises how board representation as such may not be the issue, but rather how well nested the women are: that is, whether there is a difference in board members' representation on multiple boards between women and men and how this affects the woman's influence, or power, on a particular board. This paper relates such representations not only to whether women hold several board positions, but also to the shape of the network that the multiple representations create. The paper points at how the power of women on boards varies with (1) the existence of few or many interlocks on the board, (2) the number of representations held by the female board member, (3) the fragmented or large network that the female board member is part of, and (4) whether the network consists of direct or indirect links.

This study is investigating the relationship between conditional and unconditional conservatism on earnings quality for the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange for the time era of 2006 to 2011 This study uses Basu model as a proxy for time asymmetry of earnings. Variable DR*RET is positive (B3>0) and is significant in 0.05.so, as Basu (1997) says, this efficient is proxy for time asymmetry and use to calculate conservatism. This show that study sample is conservatism. Coefficient of earnings quality (CFO/NI (is -0.000217. This finding show that there is a significant relationship between conditional conservatism and earnings quality. After entering MTB, coefficient of earnings quality (CFO/NI (is 0.000215. this finding show that there is a significant relationship between unconditional conservatism and earnings quality.

Objective: Economic decisions of depositors and borrowers in the banking industry are made based on the quantity and quality of their information. The information of these banks, including earnings, must have the necessary quality characteristics in order to distribute financial resources among the members of the society in the best way along the decisions of information users. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the interaction between earning quality and information asymmetry in the banking industry.Method: To achieve the purpose of the research, data of 11 banks listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and Iran of OTC during a period of 11 years for the years 2007-2018 using the Rah Avard Novin, financial statements and the official site of the Tehran Stock Exchange was collected and analyzed using the structural equation method in the Smart PLS software platform and the two-way Granger causality test. Results: The findings showed that information asymmetry in the banking industry is high and their earning quality is low. Information asymmetry has a negative effect on earning quality. On the other hand, if the quality of earning is low, it will increase information asymmetry. As a result, earnings quality also has a negative effect on information asymmetry. Finally, bilaterally, these two variables are the cause and effect of each other and have interaction. Conclusion: In the banking industry, the information gap is high, so we argue that the manager can present the amount of declared earning in the financial statements differently from the actual earning.

PurposeThis study draws on agency, theory to evaluate the relationship between chief executive officer (CEO) duality and earnings quality, proxied by discretionary accruals. Additionally, this study aims to examine whether board independence moderates the relationship between CEO duality and earnings quality.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a fixed-effects regression model to examine the effect of CEO duality on earnings quality and to test whether board independence moderates that relationship for a sample of non-financial listed Portuguese firms-year from 2002 to 2016.FindingsConsistent with agency theory, this study suggests that CEO duality decreases earnings quality. Further, the results also suggest that the earnings quality reduction associated with CEO duality is attenuated when the board of directors has a higher proportion of independent directors.Practical implicationsThe findings based on this study provide useful information to investors and regulators in evaluating the impact of CEO duality on earnings quality and the effect of board independence on the role of CEO duality, especially under concentrated ownership.Originality/valueTo the knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the role of board independence on the association between CEO duality and earnings quality. In addition, this paper is the first empirical study to investigate the direct and indirect effect of CEO duality on earnings quality in Portugal.

The primary objective of this research is to investigate the extent to which specific attributes of the board of directors affect Carbon Emission Disclosure (CED) practices within energy firms across Indonesia and Malaysia. The research population comprises all energy companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and Bursa Malaysia during the period 2022–2024. Using a purposive sampling method, the samples were selected based on specific criteria, primarily the accessibility of sustainability and annual reports and the completeness of the data required for the analysis, resulting in 119 firm-year observations. This study adopts a quantitative approach and employs multiple linear regression to analyze the effects of foreign board members, female board members, board expertise, and board educational background on CED. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 24, preceded by descriptive statistics and classical assumption tests. The results indicate that board characteristics jointly have a significant effect on Carbon Emission Disclosure. To some extent, female board members, board expertise, and board educational background have a positive and significant influence on the depth and measurability of carbon emission disclosure. In contrast, the presence of foreign board members shows a positive but insignificant effect on CED. These findings imply that variations in Carbon Emission Disclosure are more strongly driven by board attributes closely related to monitoring capacity and internal reporting processes. This study concludes that strengthening internal board characteristics is crucial for enhancing the quality of Carbon Emission Disclosure in energy-sector companies in Indonesia and Malaysia.

The present study is concerned about the relationship between earnings quality and audit quality of audit firms to figure out whether the earnings quality of firms audited by larger audit firms is more than that of the smaller firms or the earnings quality of firms audited by longer tenure audit firms is more than that of the shorter tenure firms or not.The study's hypotheses were tested using a sample of 129 year-company listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during 2012-2016 and by using the multiple regression pattern based on the data integration technique. Hence, the multivariable regression model is used for testing the hypotheses.The obtained results show that the earnings quality of firms audited by small audit firms outweighs that of the large audit firms. Moreover, the findings indicate that those firms audited by longer tenure audit firms, compared with those audited by shorter tenure audit firms, enjoy a better earnings quality.

The purpose of this research is investigating the effect of earning quality on idiosyncratic return volatility in the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. For investigating this relationship; we use data for 69 listed companies on Tehran Stock Exchange for period of 2001-2010. In this research, we use earnings quality index based on Squared abnormal accruals ( ) to measure Earning Quality and three-factor model of Fama and French (1993) to calculate the idiosyncratic return volatility. For data analysis we employ the linear multiple regression with use of panel data. The results show that earning quality has the inverse effect on idiosyncratic return volatility. Results of the research also indicate that annual stock return and operating cash flow of next year have direct effect and firm size has inverse effect on idiosyncratic return volatility.

Study of Relationship between Free Cash Flow and Quality of Earnings (Accruals) of Listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange

This study examines the impact of female's presence on the board of directors on corporate tax aggressiveness. The sample is manufacturing companies and trade, service, and investment companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (ISE) over the 2013-2015 periods. Listed companies on the ISE follow a two-tier board structure consisting of the board of directors and the board of commissioners. This study focuses on the presence of female on the board of directors as the management functions of the company. Based on a sample of 360 company-year observations, our multiple regression results show that a negative and statistically significant association between the presence of female on the board of directors and tax aggressiveness. This result supports previous empirical evidence conducted in Western countries. This finding suggests that the presence of female directors on the board of directors is effective in their tax reporting compliance.

Purpose - This research aims to determine the effect of managerial ownership on firm value with accounting conservatism and earnings quality as intervening variables. Design/methodology/approach - Multiple linear regression with SPSSv25 software and route analysis with an online Sobel calculator were utilized for analysis. Finding - According to the findings of this study, management ownership has a negative and considerable impact on firm value. Furthermore, managerial ownership has a considerable and favorable impact on accounting conservatism and earnings quality. Accounting conservatism and profit quality can thus be employed as intervening factors in this investigation. Originality - This research raises the issue of firm value seen from the perspective of ownership structure. The difference of this research is investigating the influence of these factors by looking at accounting conservatism and earning quality. The research was conducted because the influence of ownership structure on firm value gave inconsistent results.

In the context of corporate governance principles, governments set regulations to increase the sustainable representation of women on boards. This paper seeks to answer the question of whether or not the application of compulsory or voluntary quotas for female board members improves firm performance. Based on difference analyses on the 2011 principles of the Capital Markets Board (CMB), we do not find significant differences between the companies with at least one female member on their board and those without any female board members in terms of financial performance indicators (return on asset (ROA), return on equity (ROE), market value/book value (MV/BV)). Based on difference analyses on the 2014 principles of the Capital Markets Board, we further find that the ROA of the companies with 25% and more female members is lower than the companies with <25% female members. These results don’t support the arguments of agency theory, because government regulations including the efforts of women to increase their representation rate on the board in a sustainable manner don’t improve the accounting-based and market-based performance indicators of companies. If the company is successful, a quota for women cannot be imposed, because the obligation may result in a negative effect. Policymakers and practitioners may benefit from the knowledge that women may be improved and prepared for these positions and be accompanied with mentors before filling the compulsory or voluntary quota for women. It is not enough to increase the rate of women. The policy implication of the paper is that women must be equipped with the resources, authority, knowledge, and skills to perform well.

The net income has been always one of the important issues that had always been a favorite among financial statement's user, and the quality and management of it have always been the focus of attention of investors and creditors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of conservatism and earning management in earning quality. For this purpose, the Givoly and Hayn (2000) index were used as conservative measurement criteria and the modified Jones model (1995) was used as a measure of earning's management measurement, and the Dechow and Dichev (2002) index were used as a measure of the quality of earning (earnings sustainability) of the company. The statistical population of this study is 123 companies that listed on Tehran Stock Exchange between 2009 and 2014. For testing the research hypothesis a multivariate regression analysis was used. The results of the research indicate a significant negative (invert) relation between accounting conservatism and earning's management on the quality of earnings.