Effect of Elastomull® elastic bandaging on second-degree burn wound healing in Wistar rats: A preliminary study

Humans need skin to protect their internal organs, such as muscles, nerves, and bones, from disease. This study examines the effect of coffee grounds extract cream on wound healing in Wistar rats. This study is an experimental laboratory study. The research design used a post-test with a control group design or control on samples based on treatment groups to analyze the effect of coffee grounds extract on wound healing and skin histopathology in male Wistar white rats. According to the results of the study, coffee grounds extract accelerated wound healing in Wistar white rats, as shown by the average differences of 2.5%, 5%, and 10%. This study shows that coffee grounds extract contains saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. Research on skin histopathology on the best fibroblast tissue found that 10% coffee grounds extract cream was the most helpful in developing connective tissue in injured skin. The findings of this study are expected to help other researchers explore the effects of coffee grounds extract on skin collagen formation.

Therapeutic effects of various treatment options in wound healing have been one of the most controversial issues in surgical science. The present study was carried out to examine and compare the effects of Aloe vera gel, thyroid hormone cream and silver sulfadiazine cream onsutured incisions in Wistar rats. In a randomized controlled trial, thirty-six Wistar male rats, 250 to 300 g, received surgical incisions followed by topical application of Aloe vera gel, thyroid hormone cream and silver sulfadiazine 1%. To assess the efficacy of each treatment technique, a histological approach was used to evaluate the mean number of fibroblasts, macrophages, neutrophils, blood vessel sections and thickness of the regenerating epithelium and dermis on days 4, 7 and 14. Re-epithelialization and angiogenesis were significantly improved in Aloe vera gel group compared with the other treatments while thyroid hormone cream had positive effects on day 4 (P≤0.05). Topical administration of Aloe vera gel is recommended as the treatment of choice for surgical incisions.

The effect of henna and linseed herbal ointment blend on wound healing in rats with second-degree burns

Burn wounds are common and the cost of treatment is normally intensive. There are over 250,000 burn patients yearly worldwide and may occur in any age groups in both genders. 1% silver sulfadiazine (SSD) is used as a standard treatment for burn wounds. The benefits of this medication is due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities, which also has activity on mold, yeast, and bacteria, both gram positive and negative as well as drug-resistant bacteria; it can also be applied easily and inexpensive. However, the disadvantage of SSD is a delay in the wound-healing processes since SSD can inhibit DNA synthesis. According to the previous studies, fish bone cartilage composes of a variety of proteoglycans (PGs), which is an epidermal growth factor-like structure. The growth factor is essential for wound healing processes. Thus, using PG combined with 1% SSD for the treatment of burn wounds can accelerate wound healing cascade effectively. The objective of this study is to investigate the activity of PG extracted from fish cartilage alone or in combination with 1% SSD for facilitation of second-degree burn wound healing in an in vivo model. The percentage of wound healing was evaluated on day 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 and histological analysis of animal tissues (number of multinucleated giant cells, macrophages, mast cells and neovascularization) on day 7, 14 and 21 after second degree burn inducing. Furthermore, liver function tests (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase levels) and kidney function tests (blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine) were evaluated for toxicity of the compound. The results showed that, the percentage of wound healing and re-epithelialization of treated groups (1% SSD, 1% PG, 2% PG, 1% SSD combined with 1% PG and 1% SSD combined with 2% PG) were significant higher compared to the control group (cream base-treated wounds). Moreover, the percentage of wound healing in the group received 1% SSD together with 2% PG was significant higher compared to the group received 1% SSD and 1% PG. The results of histological analysis showed that number of multinucleated giant cells and macrophages on day 7, 14 and 21 and mast cells on day 7 and 14 of treated groups (1% SSD, 1% PG, 2% PG, 1% SSD combined with 1% PG and 1% SSD combined with 2% PG) showed no significant difference compared to control group. Number of multinucleated giant cells, macrophage and mast cells reached the peak level on day 7 and then continuously decreasing on day 14 and 21, respectively. Evaluation of the number of neovascularization on day 7 and 14 showed that the group treated with 1% SSD combined with 2% PG had significant higher neovascularization compared to the control group and the group received 1% SSD. The highest number of neovascularization was found on day 14 and decreased on day 21, respectively. For safety evaluation, the level of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase showed no significant difference compared to control group. Kidney function test showed that the level of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine also showed no significant difference compared to control group. The results from this study indicated that PG alone or in combination with 1% SSD can facilitate the wound healing by activation of neovascularization process. For safety evaluation, no abnormalities of liver and kidney function were found after exposure to the tested substance.

Purpose: To investigate the healing effect of Punica granatum L. peel (Pomegranate husk) extract (PHE) on deep second-degree burns in rats.Methods: Male Wistar rats, weighing 220 – 240 g, were subjected to deep second-degree skin burns by electrical scald instrument. The animals were divided into three groups as follows: (1) deep second degree burn model (control) group, (2) burns model treated with 1 % silver sulfadiazine (SSD) group, and (3) burns model treated with PHE group. On days 3, 7, 14 and 21, animal weight, wound area as well as histopathological features of skin were evaluated for all the groups. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of PHE on Staphyloccocus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli were also assessed separately.Results: On day 21, the mean wound area of PHE treatment group (0.21 ± 0.07 cm2) and SSD treatment group (1.15 ± 0.1 cm2) were significantly smaller than that of control rats (2.42 ± 0.2 cm2, p < 0.01) respectively. Histological results indicate that inflammatory cells disappeared substantially and were replaced by new granulation tissue in PHE treatment or SSD treatment group, while that of the control rats still showed severe inflammatory cell infiltration. Antibacterial test revealed that the MIC of PHE on Staphyloccocus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli was 6.25, 12.5 and 6.25 mg•mL-1, respectively.Conclusion: The results reveal that PHE is an effective and promising medicinal herb for the management of deep second degree burns.Keywords: Punica granatum L. peel, Burns, Wound area, Healing, Antimicrobial activity

Unveiling the functional food properties of Pepromia pellucida: Phytochemical profiling, antioxidative potential, and their nanoemulsion fraction in wound healing efficacy

Background:The burn wound is one of the health problems in the world that affects physical and mental health. Today, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) have received medical attention for their accessibility and the ability to reproduce and repair. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of ADSCs on burn wound healing. Methods : The present experimental study was performed on 36 male Wistar rats divided into 1 control group and 3 experimental groups. The second-degree burns with a radius of 10 mm were induced after anesthesia. ADSCs and Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) were injected into the dermis around the burn area in the ADSCs and DMEM groups, respectively. Silver sulfadiazine (SSD) ointment was applied topically once daily as the SSD group. The control group did not receive any treatment. The rats were evaluated for 21 days. Wound healing rate, histopathological parameters, and the number of fibroblasts were evaluated by the immunofluorescence technique and vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) gene expression by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The results were entered into SPSS software (SPSS Inc) and analyzed with 1-way analysis of variance and repeated measures analysis. Results: The number of fibroblasts, the number of vessels, TGF-β, and VEGF gene expression in the burn area were significantly higher in the ADSCs group than in the SSD, DMEM, and control groups. The results also showed that the amount of inflammation was significantly lower in the ADSCs group compared with the control group (p<0.001). Moreover, the percentage of wound recovery was significantly higher in the ADSCs group compared with other groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: ADSCs accelerate and improve burn wound healing by affecting fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and inflammatory cells as well as increasing the expression of the TGF-β and VEGF genes, and thus increase in angiogenesis.

This prospective study was conducted on 102 children with second-degree thermal burns to assess qualitative differences between topical silver sulfadiazine (SD) and oven-dried, radiation-sterilized human amnion as wound dressing. The patients were divided into silver SD and amniotic membrane (AM) group by random sampling technique. The variables compared 1) the number of days admitted in the hospital, 2) the number of dressing changes, 3) time needed for epithelialization, 4) comfort and pain of the patients during dressing, 5) comfort and pain of the patients between dressings, 6) activities during treatment, 7) acceptability of the modules by the patients or attending guardians, and 8) comfort of the doctor during application. Patients' ages ranging from 1 day to 12 years and admitted to inpatient burn unit within 72 hours of occurrence were included in this study. Fifty-one burned children enrolled in each group. The mean hospital stay is significantly lower in AM group (P < .01). The number of dressing changes in AM group was significantly low (P < .001). The mean time taken for epithelial coverage of superficial second-degree burns is significantly lower in AM than in SD group (P < .001) and also those of deep second-degree burns (P < .001). Application was painless in AM than SD group (P < .001). State of pain in-between application shows significant difference (P < .001). Application of AM was comfortable to the attending doctor (P < .001). Significant activity of the patients was observed during treatment (P < .01) with AM. AM was accepted by the patients or parents (P < .001). This study indicates that radiation-sterilized, oven-dried AM is a better treatment option because its use reduces hospital stay and the number of dressing changes. Epithelialization of the wound is quicker. The use of AM is painless and odorless. The procedure is easy and comfortable to the doctor, and it is well accepted. Most of the patients remain ambulatory during treatment.

Burn injury is associated with a high incidence of death and disability; yet its management remains problematic and costly. We conducted this clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of aloe vera cream for partial thickness burn wounds and compare its results with those of silver sulfadiazine (SSD). Thirty patients with similar types of second-degree burns at two sites on different parts of the body were included in this study. Each patient had one burn treated with topical SSD and one treated with aloe cream, randomly. The rate of re-epithelialization and healing of the partial thickness burns was significantly faster in the site treated with aloe than in the site treated with SSD (15.9 +/- 2 vs 18.73 +/- 2.65 days, respectively; P < 0.0001). The sites treated with aloe were completely healed in less than 16 days vs 19 days for the sites treated with SSD. These results clearly demonstrated the greater efficacy of aloe cream over SSD cream for treating second-degree burns.

This study evaluates the efficacy of VELVERT, a novel antimicrobial dressing, compared to the standard Silver Sulfadiazine dressing in treating second-degree burns. Conducted at a tertiary burn care center, 63 patients were enrolled and randomized into two groups: VELVERT (n = 31) and Silver Sulfadiazine (n = 30). The primary outcomes measured were wound closure percentage and time to complete healing within 24 days, while secondary outcomes included infection control, pain relief, and adverse events. The study was registered with CTRI with the registration number CTRI/2020/12/029698 (https://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?EncHid=NDY5MDc=&Enc=&userName=). Among 61 patients who completed the study, 87% (27/31) in the VELVERT group achieved complete wound healing compared to 63% (19/30) in the Silver Sulfadiazine group. The BWAT score, assessing wound healing, showed a decline from 31.66 ± 3.15 to 15.55 ± 4.42 in the VELVERT group and from 31.55 ± 3.35 to 16.18 ± 5.37 in the Silver Sulfadiazine group (P = 0.176). Both treatments were well tolerated, but VELVERT exhibited superior wound healing outcomes. These findings suggest that VELVERT may serve as a more effective alternative for second-degree burn treatment, offering improved healing rates. Further research with larger sample sizes is recommended to validate its clinical benefits over standard treatments.

This clinical trial prospectively evaluates the potential beneficial effects of antimicrobial drug delivery from a synthetic dressing (Hydron-AgSD) formed on second-degree burn wounds. A paste composed of polyethylene glycol-400, poly 2-OH ethylmethacrylate, and silver sulfadiazine (AgSD 1%-3%) matured within one hour to form a solid dressing. In 27 patients, comparable areas of second-degree wounds on the same patient were selected at random for test and control (silver sulfadiazine 1% only) sites. The mean total time of the synthetic dressing application per patient was about nine days, and each dressing remained in place for nearly four days. During this interval the control sites required four dressings changes. In 17 tests for infections, the control areas were contaminated but no bacteria were detected under the synthetic dressing; in three tests, the controls had no bacteria, whereas the synthetic dressing did. Healing of burns was similar under both types of dressing. Benefits of Hydron treatment included increased patient comfort because of the reduced number of dressing changes and, in some cases, greater freedom from contaminating bacteria.

Quercetin loaded chitosan tripolyphosphate nanoparticles accelerated cutaneous wound healing in Wistar rats

Propolis, a natural resinous product from stingless bees, is widely recognized for its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. However, its combined effects in addressing both inflammation and infection in second-degree burns have remained insufficiently explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the dual role of propolis in modulating inflammation and preventing bacterial infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a second-degree burn model. Propolis was collected from stingless bees in Gowa, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, and extracted using methanol. Second-degree burns were induced in male Rattus norvegicus, which were then divided into three groups: one treated with propolis, another silver sulfadiazine (positive control), and third with NaCl (negative control). After seven days of treatment, the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) proteins in wound samples was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. The antimicrobial activity of the propolis extract was assessed using the disc diffusion assay, followed by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing. Network pharmacology analysis was also conducted to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of propolis. Results showed that propolis significantly reduced TNF-α expression and increased VEGF expression, which might enhance VEGF-mediated angiogenesis, leading to improved wound healing compared to controls. The antimicrobial tests demonstrated strong activity against MRSA and P. aeruginosa, with inhibition zones correlating with higher extract concentrations. The MIC value of the propolis extract was 198.66 μg/μL against MRSA and 212.06 μg/μL against P. aeruginosa. Network pharmacology analysis revealed key proteins, including Jun proto-oncogene (JUN), estrogen receptor 1 (ESRi), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src (SRC), involved in the regulation of TNF-α and VEGF, further supporting the synergistic effects of propolis. This study demonstrates that stingless bee propolis effectively promotes tissue regeneration and prevents infection in second-degree burns, highlighting its potential as an alternative to conventional treatments for wound care.

BACKGROUNDNumerous studies were carried out to develop more sophisticated dressings to expedite healing processes and diminish the bacterial burden in burn wounds. This study assessed the healing effect of nettle extract on second degree burns wound in rats in comparison with silver sulfadiazine and vaseline.METHODSForty rats were randomly assigned to four equal groups. A deep second-degree burn was created on the back of each rat using a standard burning procedure. The burns were dressed daily with nettle extract in group 1, silver sulfadiazine in group 2, vaseline in group 3 and without any medication in group 4 as control group. The response to treatment was assessed by digital photography during the treatment until day 42. Histological scoring was undertaken for scar tissue samples on days 10 and 42.RESULTSA statistically significant difference was observed in group 1 compared with other groups regarding 4 scoring parameters after 10 days. A statistically significant difference was seen for fibrosis parameter after 42 days. In terms of difference of wound surface area, maximal healing was noticed at the same time in nettle group and minimal repair in the control group.CONCLUSIONOur findings showed maximal rate of healing in the nettle group. So it may be a suitable substitute for silver sulfadiazine and vaseline when available.

Background Great plantain (Plantago major L. or P.major) is a medicinal plant that is available all around the world. The whole plant has several bioactive compounds including terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, fatty acids, iridoid glycosides, polysaccharides, and vitamins. Scientific studies have recognized several medical benefits like wound healing, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiulcerative, and antioxidative agents. The wound-healing capacity of this plant has been investigated under in vivo and ex vivo conditions. In the current study, we aim to compare the therapeutic effect of the P.major extract with 1% sulfadiazine on the healing of second-degree burn wounds. Method Second-degree burn victims were included in our study. The investigation and control group, respectively, received P. major ointment 10% and silver sulfadiazine ointment 1%. The bacterial culture from the wound site was taken on days 3, 7, 10, 13, and last day of hospitalization. Patients' subjective complaints were obtained through the visual analog scale (VAS). All patients were treated and evaluated in the hospital. Result Among the 15 patients, 11 were male, and the mean age was 33.3 years. The average complete healing duration was 11.73 vs. 13 days in the P. major and control group, respectively (P=0.166). On the third day, infection control was similar between the two groups, and on the seventh day, all bacterial cultures were negative. Although there was a significant reduction in pain scores during the recovery time, no significant differences in pain reduction were noted between the two groups (P=0.849). Conclusion We showed that P.major ointment is a safe and suitable herbal compound in the treatment of second-degree burn wounds that not only has wound-healing properties but also is an analgesic and antimicrobial compound.