Effects of Clothing Characteristics in the Workplace: A Conceptual Framework

Using data from two studies, the current research tests the Stereotype Content Model (SCM) within a Malaysian context using Chinese and ethnic Malay participants. The aim of the research is to examine the theoretical underpinnings of the SCM in a new context by investigating the role of aspects of the perceived social structure that have not been considered previously. In line with the SCM it is found that the two dimensions of warmth and competence underlie in-group and out-group stereotypes in Malaysia. In addition, the in-group was evaluated more positively than the out-group on both dimensions. Furthermore, perceived economic social status rather than cultural or power status was related to out-group competence (Study 1), and to out-group warmth (Studies 1 and 2). Higher perceived economic competition was weakly and not consistently associated with less out-group warmth, and political competition was not related to warmth.

The stereotype content model (SCM) provides a basis to investigate stereotypes of different social groups. Previous SCM research has shown that the “welfare recipients” are stereotyped negatively, with low warmth and low competence. However, prior research has not considered different categories of income support recipients who may be stereotyped differently. Using the SCM, we investigated the stereotypes held by the Australian general population (n = 807) towards five key social groups (unemployed, people with a mental disability, people with a physical disability, single parents, elderly). People with a mental or physical disability and the elderly were similar regardless of whether they were described as receiving income support payments or not. In contrast, the unemployed and single parents were stereotyped with significantly lower levels of warmth and competence when they were receiving payments. This research shows that the needs and circumstances of different groups may be reflected in different levels of community support.

Two alternative hypotheses regarding group differentiation on the two fundamental content dimensions of competence and warmth were tested in this study; the first one based on the stereotype content model (SCM) and the other combining SCM with social identity theory and acknowledging the neglected role of group size. In addition, the potential of consensual stereotypes to counter predictions based on SCM was explored. Nationwide, representative samples of high- and low-status Swedish- and Finnish-speaking minority and majority groups in Finland and Sweden (N = 2075) attributed stereotypic traits reflecting the two content dimensions of competence and warmth to the in- and outgroup. In contrast to predictions based on SCM minority groups favoured the ingroup on both competence and warmth, regardless of status, suggesting that the contextual variable group size should be acknowledged in future studies. Also against expectations based on SCM the high-status groups did not differentiate the ingroup on competence; however, only on warmth. Group ratings on specific traits revealed consensual stereotypes for Swedish- and Finnish-speakers across the countries. Results are discussed in relation to ideology, primacy of warmth and group history.

Attributions of blame for customer mistreatment: Implications for employees' service performance and customers' negative word of mouth

Susan T. Fiske discusses the stereotype content model, which explores varieties of dehumanizing prejudice that all deny other people their full humanity, diminishing them by reducing them to animals, robots, or objects. Each inflicts its own distinct damage. This chapter offers the stereotype content model as a framework for understanding this. As the chapter argues, cultures share knowable dimensions for differentiating societal groups. Among them are groups' status and interdependence (cooperation and competition). Groups' perceived place in the social structure then predicts their stereotype content; status predicts competence, and cooperation predicts warmth. The stereotype content model locates a society's perceptions of its groups in a warmth-by-competence space. For example, homeless people are allegedly neither competent nor warm (not trustworthy, sociable); they are dehumanized as disgusting and animalistic. Older people are seen as well-intentioned (warm) but incompetent; they are dehumanized as passive objects that evoke pity. Rich people are stereotypically competent but cold, enviable, yet evoking robots. Only the society's ingroup is fully human, both competent and warm. This chapter also describes the nature of current evidence for the model from surveys and lab experiments. Many examples come from the extreme outgroups, the most dehumanized. Having summarized what the model says about dehumanization, the next section addresses what alternative theories have to say, and comments on points of consensus about the two primary dimensions and their nature. The closing sections discuss implications for dehumanization and interventions to rehumanize its targets.

We present a pilot study and two main studies that address the nature of stereotypes of social groups in Norway within the framework of the Stereotype Content Model (SCM). The first study focused on stereotypes of a wide range of groups across categories such as gender, age, religious conviction, socioeconomic and health status. The second study focused on stereotypes of immigrant groups. Participants (n = 244 and n = 63, respectively) rated the groups on perceived warmth, competence, status, and competition. Results from both studies support the applicability of the SCM in Norway and provides a unique insight into stereotypes of Norwegian social groups.

The stereotype content model (SCM) is a prominent model of social perception proposing two dimensions of evaluation: Warmth and competence. Occupational stereotypes have rarely been assessed in this model, especially in the German context, albeit their important impact on how individuals experience gainful occupation and navigate everyday social interactions. Responding to recent methodological critiques regarding the SCM's scale performance, we developed a context‐adapted, well‐performing German‐language SCM scale and assessed warmth and competence ratings of 13 occupational groups in a heterogeneous sample (N = 425). Using the alignment optimization procedure to allow for more reliable latent mean value comparisons, we found occupational stereotypes to differ substantially on both dimensions, with Firefighters presenting the most favorable and Politicians and Unemployed people showing the least favorable evaluations. We discuss our findings in terms of their content‐wise and methodological meaning as well as their implications for research and in occupational contexts.

Attitudesstereotypes, their antecedents, emotions (i.e, positiveadmiration, or negative -contempt) and behavioral intention of Georgian students toward the representatives of German-speaking countries are studied.According to the Stereotype Content Model (Fiske et al., 2002;Fiske, 2015), stereotypes of warmth measure to what extent German-speaking people are percived as wishing to harm others and stereotypes of competence -how capable they are considered.According to theory, stereotypes are elicited by the corresponding socio-structural antecedents: perceived international image of German-speaking countries, measured by vitality and perceived threat posed by them, measured by fear of assimilation.Combination of stereotypes of warmth and competence, in turn, elicit corresponding emotions, which might lead to certain behavioral intentions, such as wish of cooperation or avoidance, etc. (Cuddy et al., 2008;Fiske, 2018).The data were collected from 87 native Georgian students using a modified questionnaire from Cuddy, Fiske and Glick's study (2007).The German-speaking out-groups were perceived as competent, having high international status/being vital, eliciting the wish to become similar to the people of German-speaking countries.The hierarchical multiple regression analysis (we entered demographic variablesage and gender -in model 1, vitality and fear of assimilation in model 2 and warmth and competence in model 3) showed that perceived competence of German-speaking group positively predicted the corresponding behavioral outcome: = .48,t = 3.28, p < 0.01, F (9, 56) = 3.55, p < 0.01, R2 change = 0.14, p < 0.01.However, vitality also yielded significant regression coefficient in the previous model: = .29,t = 2.36, p < 0.05, which turned insignificant in the final model.Thus, we conducted mediation analysis, which yielded full mediation: vitality antecedes perceived competence, which, in turn, elicits behavioral intention, TE = 0.66, LLIC = 0.16, ULCI = 1.17;IE = 0.32, LLIC = 0.03, ULCI = 0.56; DE = 0.35, LLIC = -0.12,ULCI = 0.81.The stereotype content model is usually applied to investigate attitudes to the groups in a given society, while we applied this theory to measure attitudes of Georgian students to distant out-group of German-Speaking people, who, mostly, represent the European Union countries (Germany, Austria, Belgium, Luxemburg, Switzerland and Liechtenstein), and found out that their image on international arena (measured by vitality), predicted wish to become similar to them via eliciting perception of these group as competent.

Promoting Well-being is one of United Nations’ sustainable development goals and it also attracts increasing attentions in tourism research. Based on the stereotype content model (SCM), this study examines the interaction effect of service employees’ language style and tourism activity type on tourist well-being. The mediating effects of perceived pleasure and perceived professionalism is also studied. The theoretical value of this paper is two-fold: First, it is the first study of the adaptability of tourism activities to different language styles and of how this adaptability difference affects tourist hedonia and eudaimonia. The discovery of the interaction effect between tourism activity type and language style also provides a legitimate explanation for resolving the contradiction between humour and seriousness in previous studies. Second, this study sheds new light on the stereotype content model. It introduces two new constructs—perceived pleasure and professionalism and reveals their mediation effect in the interaction effect. These constructs support affective and cognitive evaluations of social judgments. Our findings have important implications for tourism practitioners who seek to develop effective service strategies to enhance tourist well-being and thus promote sustainable tourism.

Sex workers (SW) are subject to social judgment and the associated attitudes, ranging from admiration to contempt. The presence of stereotypical attitudes toward SW is common and can be analyzed using the Stereotype Content Model (SCM), where the concepts of warmth and competence play a central role. The interweaving of both dimensions allows the identification of four emotions and corresponding political positions toward SW: admiration (non-interventionism), pity (abolitionism), contempt (prohibitionism), and fear (regulationism). From the SCM framework, this study offers the construction, validation and performance of a 25-item scale with a snowball sample of 1,543 participants residing in Spanish-speaking countries. The four-factor hypothesized model yielded adequate values. Internal consistency was sufficient on all factors, as was model-based reliability and convergent validity. The scale also showed measurement invariance between gender and age groups, suggesting that the measure is interpreted in a conceptually similar manner by respondents representing different genders or ages. Further analysis revealed that male participants scored significantly higher on admiration. Baby boomers showed less pity and contempt while Millennials showed more fear and less admiration. SW and those who know or work with SW showed less fear and pity and more admiration. The SCM and the process of developing social judgments offer us a way to understand the differences that underlie irreconcilable policy positions. Overcoming these differences requires mutual understanding from scientific frameworks instead of from ideological perspectives.

Using the Stereotype Content Model as a framework for understanding ageism, our two objectives are (1) examining the predictive utility of benevolent ageism on well-being outcomes and (2) identifying conditional relationships between sex, perceived age, benevolent ageism, and well-being outcomes. In a snowball sample of 150 older adults who were 65 years old and older, we examined sex, perceived age, ageism, environmental mastery, and depression. Our benevolent ageism scale is an expanded version of the Ambivalent Ageism Scale that included additional items of accommodation created by us. Environmental mastery and depression were assessed by standard, internally valid, measures. Using regression analyses, we found that benevolent ageism predicted depression above and beyond hostile ageism. Additionally, benevolent ageism uniquely predicted environmental mastery for men, whereas hostile ageism uniquely predicted environmental mastery and depression for women. Finally, perceived age was a better predictor of well-being than chronological age. It is essential to consider how benevolent ageism relates to well-being due to the tenets of the Stereotype Content Model. Additionally, delineating the ways that sex and perceived age contribute to double jeopardy vs. crisis competence in the face of benevolence will lead to a more intricate understanding of the paths in which overaccommodative behaviors relate to well-being in older adulthood.

This experimental investigation uses the stereotype content model (SCM) to explain the biases associated with the perceptions of healthcare providers and the subsequent impact of such biased perceptions. Specifically, the 2 (gender: male, female) by 2 (race: Arab, Caucasian) between-subjects experiment examined the impact of physician race and gender on people’s perceptions regarding physician’s communication competence, trust, and intentions to visit. The findings indicate that female physicians are considered not only warmer but also more competent than male physicians. White physicians are considered less competent overall than their minority counterparts, though no differences in perceived patient-centered communication behaviors were observed. In addition, perceived competence and warmth mediated the effect of physician gender and race (only warmth) on the perceptions of trust, physician’s use of patient-centered communication, and intentions to visit. The theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.

In 2 studies, paternalistic and envious gender stereotypes were examined. Paternalistic stereotypes portray particular female or male subgroups as warm but not competent, whereas envious stereotypes depict some other female or male subgroups as competent but not warm. A total of 134 women and 82 men, primarily White and middle class, participated in this research. Building on the stereotype content model (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, & Xu, 2002), Study 1 tested the mixed-stereotypes hypothesis that many gender subgroups are viewed as high on either competence or warmth but low on the other. Study 2 additionally addressed the social-structural hypothesis that status predicts perceived competence and interdependence predicts perceived warmth. The results provided strong support for both hypotheses.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine, from the stereotype content model (SCM) perspective, the role of the competence and warmth stereotypes of older adults held by professional caregivers.MethodsA quasi-experimental design, ex post facto with observational analyses, was used in this study. The cultural view on competence and warmth was assessed in 100 caregivers working in a set of six residential geriatric care units (three of them organized following a person-centered care approach and the other three providing standard geriatric care). In order to assess caregivers’ cultural stereotypical views, the SCM questionnaire was administered. To evaluate the role of caregivers’ cultural stereotypes in their professional performance as well as in older adult functioning, two observational scales from the Sistema de Evaluación de Residencias de Ancianos (assessment system for older adults residences)-RS (staff functioning and residents’ functioning) were applied.ResultsCaregivers’ cultural views of older adults (compared to young people) are characterized by low competence and high warmth, replicating the data obtained elsewhere from the SCM. Most importantly, the person-centered units predict better staff performance and better resident functioning than standard units. Moreover, cultural stereotyping of older adult competence moderates the effects of staff performance on resident functioning, in line with the findings of previous research.ConclusionOur results underline the influence of caregivers’ cultural stereotypes on the type of care, as well as on their professional behaviors and on older adult functioning. Caregivers’ cultural stereotypes could be considered as a central issue in older adult care since they mediate the triangle of care: caregivers/older adults/type of care; therefore, much more attention should be paid to this psychosocial care component.

ABSTRACTIn recent years, companies have increasingly adopted virtual conversational agents (VCAs) to interact with their consumers. A significant number of these agents are assigned to a specific gender, typically female, thereby reinforcing gender‐related stereotypes. This work employs the stereotype content model (SCM), especially focusing on the two subdimensions sociability and morality, to investigate how the VCA's gender impacts social presence in two studies (Study 1: avatars; Study 2: chatbots). Both studies show an indirect effect of the VCA's gender (female) on social presence through sociability, but not through morality. Contrary to expectations, the indirect effect through sociability is significant for both male and female consumers. The findings indicate that the indirect effect is robust across different product categories (i.e., finance, fashion, holiday trip, and toothbrush) and types of VCAs (i.e., visual and verbal). This research demonstrates how established stereotype theories (i.e., SCM) can serve as a valuable framework for exploring human‐machine communication. Moreover, the results provide a fundamental basis for addressing and reducing the persistence of gender stereotypes, initiating a more extensive discussion about the ethical considerations related to interactions between humans and technology.