Efficient algorithms for the minimum connected domination on trapezoid graphs

Steiner set and connected domination in trapezoid graphs

Generation of all maximal independent sets (MIS) is a NP-complete problem for general graphs. In this paper, using a particular geometric property of trapezoid graph, an efficient algorithm is designed which enables to generate all maximal independent sets for a trapezoid graph in time, where [mbar] and a are respectively the number of edges of the complement graph of the given graph and the number of generated maximal independent sets. There is no prior algorithm available to solve this problem of finding all MIS for trapezoid graphs.

The dispersion problem in a graph requires to find a subset of vertices of prescribed size, so as to maximize the minimum distance between the chosen vertices. We propose efficient algorithms solving the dispersion problem in interval graphs, circular-arc graphs, and trapezoid graphs. Graphs are supposed to be represented geometrically, rather than by their edge sets.

Listing, generating or enumerating objects of specified type is one of the principal tasks in algorithmics. In graph algorithms one often enumerates vertex subsets satisfying a certain property. We study the enumeration of all minimal connected dominating sets of an input graph from various graph classes of bounded chordality. We establish enumeration algorithms as well as lower and upper bounds for the maximum number of minimal connected dominating sets in such graphs. In particular, we present algorithms to enumerate all minimal connected dominating sets of chordal graphs in time O(1.7159^n), of split graphs in time O(1.3803^n), and of AT-free, strongly chordal, and distance-hereditary graphs in time O^*(3^{n/3}), where n is the number of vertices of the input graph. Our algorithms imply corresponding upper bounds for the number of minimal connected dominating sets for these graph classes.

A parallel algorithm for finding a near-maximum independent set in a circle graph is presented. An independent set in a graph is a set of vertices, no two of which are adjacent. A maximum independent set is an independent set whose cardinality is the largest among all independent sets of a graph. The algorithm is modified for predicting the secondary structure in ribonucleic acids (RNA). The proposed system, composed of an n neural network array (where n is the number of edges in the circle graph of the number of possible base pairs), not only generates a near-maximum independent set but also predicts the secondary structure of ribonucleic acids within several hundred iteration steps. The simulator discovered several solutions which are more stable structures, in a sequence of 359 bases from the potato spindle tuber viroid, than previously proposed structures.

Let $G$ be a graph. Then a subset $C$ of vertices of $G$ is called a vertex cover hop dominating if $C$ is both a vertex cover and a hop dominating of $G$. The vertex cover hop domination number of $G$, denoted by $\gamma_{vch}(G)$, is the minimum cardinality among all vertex cover hop dominating sets in $G$. In this paper, we initiate the study of vertex cover hop domination in a graph and we determine its relations with other parameters in graph theory. We characterize the vertex cover hop dominating sets in some special graphs, join, and corona of two graphs and we finally obtain the exact values or bounds of the parameters of these graphs.

The Steiner polynomial of a connected graph G is the polynomial , where s (G, i) is the number of Steiner sets of G of size i and s (G) is the Steiner number of G. In this paper, we obtain the Steiner polynomials of the wheel and the Helm graphs. Also, we study the Steiner sets of wheel and Helm graphs and some interesting properties of the coeff icients are derived.

In this paper, we study the problem of designing in-place algorithms for finding the maximum clique in the intersection graphs of axis-parallel rectangles and disks in 2D. We first propose O(n 2logn) time in-place algorithms for finding the maximum clique of the intersection graphs of a set of axis-parallel rectangles of arbitrary sizes. For the rectangle intersection graph of fixed height rectangles, the time complexity can be slightly improved to O(nlogn + nK), where K is the size of the maximum clique. For disk graphs, we consider two variations of the maximum clique problem, namely geometric clique and graphical clique. The time complexity of our algorithm for finding the largest geometric clique is O(n 2logn), and it works for disks of arbitrary radii. For graphical clique, our proposed algorithm works for unit disks (i.e., of same radii) and the worst case time complexity is O(n 2 + mK 4); m is the number of edges in the unit disk intersection graph, and K is the size of the largest clique in that graph. It uses O(n 4) time in-place computation of maximum matching in a bipartite graph, which is of independent interest. All these algorithms need O(1) work space in addition to the input array \(\cal R\).KeywordsBipartite GraphUnit DiskBottom BoundaryMaximum CliqueIntersection GraphThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

A self-stabilizing algorithm for optimally efficient sets in graphs

For a connected simple graph G , a non-empty set \(S \subseteq V(G)\) of vertices is a safe set if, for every component \(A \text { of }\langle S\rangle_{G}\) and every component \(B \text { of }\langle V(G)-S\rangle_{G}\) adjacent to A , it holds that \(|A| \geq|B|\). The safe number denoted by s(G) of G is the minimum cardinality of a safe set G . In this paper, it examines the characterization of a safe set in complete bipartite graph. It also discusses the minimum cardinality of a safe sets of path graph and cycle graph via modulus. Moreover, this study generates the possible exact values of the safe number of the complete graph, complete bipartite graph, and star graph.

Maximal independent sets in caterpillar graphs

Fibonacci numbers and Lucas numbers in graphs

We present a polynomial-space algorithm that computes the number of independent sets of any input graph in time O(1.1389^n) for graphs with maximum degree 3 and in time O(1.2356^n) for general graphs, where n is the number of vertices in the input graph. Together with the inclusion-exclusion approach of Björklund, Husfeldt, and Koivisto [SIAM J. Comput. 2009], this leads to a faster polynomial-space algorithm for the graph coloring problem with running time O(2.2356^n) as well as an exponential-space O(1.2330^n) time algorithm for counting independent sets. Our main algorithm counts independent sets in graphs with maximum degree at most 3 and no vertex with three neighbors of degree 3. This polynomial-space algorithm is designed and analyzed using the recently introduced Separate, Measure and Conquer approach [Gaspers & Sorkin, ICALP 2015]. Using Wahlström’s compound measure approach, this improvement in running time for small degree graphs is then bootstrapped to larger degrees, giving the improvement for general graphs. Combining both approaches leads to some inflexibility in choosing vertices to branch on for the small-degree cases, which we counter by structural graph properties.

In this thesis we explore extremal graph theory, focusing on new methods which apply to different notions of regular graph. The first notion is dregularity, which means each vertex of a graph is contained in exactly d edges, and the second notion is Szemeredi regularity, which is a strong, approximate version of this property that relates to pseudorandomness. We begin with a novel method for optimising observables of Gibbs distributions in sparse graphs. The simplest application of the method is to the hard-core model, concerning independent sets in d-regular graphs, where we prove a tight upper bound on an observable known as the occupancy fraction. We also cover applications to matchings and colourings, in each case proving a tight bound on an observable of a Gibbs distribution and deriving an extremal result on the number of a relevant combinatorial structure in regular graphs. The results relate to a wide range of topics including statistical physics and Ramsey theory. We then turn to a form of Szemeredi regularity in sparse hypergraphs, and develop a method for embedding complexes that generalises a widely-applied method for counting in pseudorandom graphs. We prove an inheritance lemma which shows that the neighbourhood of a sparse, regular subgraph of a highly pseudorandom hypergraph typically inherits regularity in a natural way. This shows that we may embed complexes into suitable regular hypergraphs vertex-by-vertex, in much the same way as one can prove a counting lemma for regular graphs. Finally, we consider the multicolour Ramsey number of paths and even cycles. A well-known density argument shows that when the edges of a complete graph on kn vertices are coloured with k colours, one can find a monochromatic path on n vertices. We give an improvement to this bound by exploiting the structure of the densest colour, and use the regularity method to extend the result to even cycles.

Finding minimum weight connected dominating set in stochastic graph based on learning automata