Efficient encryption technique for H.264/AVC videos based on CABAC and logistic map

This paper proposed a secure and fast image encryption algorithm which is composed of permutation and substitution of pixels. In order to eliminate the relation between adjacent pixels in the image sufficiently, firstly, the sequence which derives from Logistic map is sorted as an ascending order, and the transformation function of element's index can be obtained in this process. Secondly, perform XOR operation between the scrambled pixel sequence and another chaotic sequence which derives from Henon map. Experiment simulations show that the proposed algorithm is secure against different types of attacks and can be applied to the real time encryption.

Low-light-level video cameras have benefited from rapid advances in digital technology during the past two decades. In legacy cameras, the video signal was processed using analog electronics which made real-time, nonlinear processing of the video signal very difficult. In state-of-the-art cameras, the analog signal is digitized directly from the sensor and processed entirely in the digital domain, enabling the application of advanced processing techniques to the video signal in real time. In fact, all aspects of modern low-light television cameras are controlled via digital technology, resulting in various enhancements that surpass analog electronics. In addition to video processing, large-scale digital integration in these low-light level cameras enables precise control of the image intensifier and image sensor, facilitating large inter-scene dynamic range capability, extended intra-scene dynamic range and blooming control. Digital video processing and digital camera control are used to provide improved system-level performance, including nearly perfect pixel response uniformity, correction of blemishes, and electronic boresight. Compact digital electronics also enable comprehensive camera built-in-test (BIT) capability which provides coverage for the entire camera--from photons into the sensor to the processed video signal going out the connector. Individuals involved in the procurement of present and future low-light-level cameras need to understand these advanced camera capabilities in order to write accurate specifications for their advanced video system requirements. This paper provides an overview of these modern video system capabilities along with example specification text.

High resolution electron microscopy provides a powerful method for studying controlled dynamic reaction sequences and the development of microstructures on the atomic scale. Temperatures can be controlled with reasonable accuracy using a standard hot-stage, but at elevated temperatures there is some reduction in the contrast, and stability, of images. It is, of course, essential to minimise the effects, including additional heating, of irradiating the sample with a high voltage electron beam in a high vacuum environment, and to take into account the close proximity of two specimen surfaces in designing experiments. TV imaging techniques, in-situ, relocatable ex-situ and environmental methods are being developed for use with two medium voltage side-entry high resolution TEMs, equipped with complementary chemical and structural microanalytical STEM facilities.TV imaging techniques Dynamic reaction sequences are now mostly viewed with a low-light level TV camera (LLTV) using a thin YAG or YAP pickup screen and recorded on U-matic videotape to facilitate subsequent processing. The results can be improved substantially by using a digital framestore based image processor to enhance the signal to noise ratio of the video signal in realtime. A major element in the SNR is the shot noise statistics of the TEM electron beam.

Aiming to protect the video content and facilitate online video consumption, a perceptual encryption scheme is proposed for high efficiency video coding (HEVC) video. Based on RC4 algorithm, a key stream generation method is constructed, whose proportion of “1” and “0” can be regulated. During HEVC encoding, four kinds of syntax elements including motion vector difference (MVD)’ sign, MVD’s amplitude, sign of the luma residual coefficient and sign of the chroma residual coefficient, are encrypted by the regulated key stream. Experimental results and analysis show that the proposed scheme has good perceptual protection for the video content, and some advantages such as low computational cost, format-compliance and no bitrate increase can be achieved. It provides an effective resolution for the paid video-on-demand services in smart cities.

A real-time radar video signal simulator based on DSP is described together with the hardware architecture and software design. The method of generating clutter is presented and described. The radar video signal simulator has been used successfully as a test device for the ZL3-2 radar data processing development and as a tool for testing and evaluating the completed prototype system for operator training.

Rate Control is an important component in a video encoder for date storage or real-time visual communication. In this paper, we will discuss the rate control in MPEG encoder for real-time video communication over Variable Bit Rate (VBR) channel. In interactive video communication, the video transmission is subject to both channel rate constraints and end-to-end delay constraints. Our goal in this paper is to modify the rate control in MPEG-2 encoder and satisfy the rate constraints, and study how to improve the video quality in the scenario of VBR transmission. Here, we employ Leaky- Bucket to describe the traffic parameters and monitor the encoder's output. Depending on the Rate-distortion models developed by us, we present a rate control algorithm to achieve almost uniform distortion both within a frame and between frames in a scene. With adaptive rate-distortion models and additional function of scene detecting, our method can robustly deal with scenes of different statistical characteristics. Comparing to MPEG2 TM5, in real time video communication, we could keep the constant buffer delay while maintain the decoded image quality stable. Furthermore, the bit allocation in our algorithm is more reasonable and controllable. Therefore, our method realized the advantages that advanced by VBR video communication, such as small end-to-end delay, consistent image quality and high channel efficiency.

Optimal algorithm for color medical encryption and compression images based on DNA coding and a hyperchaotic system in the moments

Optical chaos-based cryptosystems hide an information-bearing message within the chaotic dynamics of a laser system. On-off phase-shift keying (OOPSK) is considered to be a particularly efficient encryption technique. It is based on the modulation of the feedback phase of a chaotic external-cavity emitter laser at the rhythm of a digital message. At the receiving end, message values are decrypted by observing the synchronization and de-synchronization of an external-cavity receiver which has a constant feedback phase. This cryptosystem is popular because so far it has been thought to be impossible to find the message by analyzing the chaotic optical field transmitted from the emitter to the receiver laser, thus, it is hitherto thought, providing high security. We demonstrate that the phase modulation produces a displacement of the chaotic attractor which is detectable by analyzing low-dimensional projections or sections of the high-dimensional attractor. This leads to the successful decryption of the message value based on an analysis of the chaotic optical field sent to the receiver only. We show that the bit-error-rate (BER) of the decrypted message varies with the modulation depth and speed. Though small depths and large bit rates lead to an increase of the BER, we find it possible to extract the message for most operating conditions of an on/off phase- shift keying-based cryptosystem.

Now a days, it is essential, to improve the security including energy efficiency in various emerging application under WSN. To keep this in mind, a WDT node based sensor node master operations in wireless sensor network method is proposed. In this approach, network consists of random node deployment of sensor nodes and it is partitioned into levels. WDT is a watch dog timer based node acts as a station keeping node. In each level there is main selection and redundant selection of WDT node is considered. At a time one node is taken to monitor the other nodes in the level. By this all node health status is keep intact in different levels by the help of status word. Master operations includes, node information through status word, routing tree discovery for path used for data communication, efficient encryption technique in the path from source to sink via Key Distribution Centre(KDC). All this operations is carried out by WDT node and sensor nodes used in the path. The proposed approach also tells, how effectively energy level is maintained in the network. By implementing the WDT algorithm, routing tree and secured key based encryption methods the overall throughput, packet delivery ratio (PDR), End-to-End delay and energy may effectively manage.

An implementation of the principal components transformation is presented which makes use of analogue and digital electronic hardware under the control of a microprocessor. The hardware is used to collect covariance statistics from a multichannel set of digital video images and to perform the actual transformation on real-time analogue video signals derived from the stored data. This approach offers considerable advantages over a completely software based system in terms of speed and cost. An example of the use of the system for the analysis of Landsat multispectral data is presented.

The paper presents complete real-time image fusion system intended for supervisory and monitoring purposes in mobile appliances. The system is equipped with an optoelectronic head containing two multiband image sensors: TV and IR (infrared). System structure as well as searching process of the efficient, real-time image processing algorithms are briefly described. Principally, image registration is based on the hybrid approach (edge extraction and phase correlation). The image fusion method can be chosen according to operator demands between Laplacian pyramid and FABEMD decomposition. Real-time multispectral video signals processing is performed by application of custom hardware solution based on a single FPGA chip. This allows for implementing fast paralleled and pipelined processing flow. The system hardware is also presented in this paper.

To maintain security as well as privacy of video it needs to be stored in an encrypted format. For copyright protection, access control and transaction tracking we use data hiding techniques, that can be embedded a secret message and secret image into a video bit stream. The quality of video in the absence of the original reference assesses by data hiding techniques. The edge quality information and the no of the bit streams processed in an encrypted format to maintain security as well as privacy. In this paper hiding information directly in the encrypted version of H.264/AVC video stream is proposed,that proposed scheme includes the three main parts, i.e. encryption of video, embedding and extraction of data.After analyzing the H.264/AVC codec property, the code words of intra prediction modes (IPM), the code words of motion vector differences (MVD), and the code words of residual coefficients are encrypted. The data hider embeds additional data in the encrypted domain, they use the code word substitution technique.The code word substitution technique gives information without knowing the original video content. The extraction of data can be done either in the encrypted or in the decrypted domain.

In this paper, an image encryption scheme based on dynamic DNA sequence and two dimension logistic map is proposed. Firstly two different pseudo random sequences are generated using two dimension Sine-Henon alteration map. These sequences are used for altering the positions of each pixel of plain image row wise and column wise respectively. Secondly each pixels of distorted image and values of random sequences are converted into a DNA sequence dynamically using one dimension logistic map. Reversible DNA operations are applied between DNA converted pixel and random values. At last after decoding the results of DNA operations cipher image is obtained. Different theoretical analyses and experimental results proved the effectiveness of this algorithm. Large key space proved that it is possible to protect different types of attacks using our proposed encryption scheme.

In this era of the information age with digitalization, the transmission of sensitive real-time image information over insecure channels is highly-likely to be accessed or even attacked by an adversary. To prevent such unauthorized access, cryptography is being used to convert sensitive information in real-time images into unintelligible data. Most of the time, schemes are proposed with a high level of security. However, the challenge always remains the slower speeds due to their high complexity which makes them unusable in the applications of real-time images. In this paper, an efficient image encryption algorithm has been developed and tested for real-time images. The proposed scheme makes use of encryption with an efficient permutation technique based on a modular logistic map to bring down the size of the chaotic value vector, required to permute real-time image. We show that an efficient permutation is obtained using only $$\sqrt{N}$$ chaotic numbers for a square image with 3N pixels (N Pixels in each color bit plane). The algorithm makes use of a 192-bit key; divided into smaller blocks and each block selected chaotically to diffuse the pixel using multiple XOR operations. The experimental analysis reveals that the proposed algorithm is immune to various statistical and differential attacks such as entropy, histogram analysis, spectral characteristic analysis, etc. A comparison of the proposed scheme with some state-of-the-art techniques show that it performs better, and as such, can be utilized for efficient real-time image encryption.

Recently, cyber-physical system is widely used for smart system control in various fields. Various functions of the cyber-physical system must overcome the limited hardware resources constraint of an embedded system. In addition, the data required from the industrial cyber-physical system are critical; therefore, a highly secure encryption technique is required. However, security and computational throughput are incompatible with each other in the cryptographic technique; therefore, the industrial cyber-physical system needs to adopt a highly efficient and secure encryption technique considering the limited available resources. This study applies the m-folding method to the highly secure elliptic curve algorithm to improve efficiency and proposes the cryptosystem optimized for the resource-constrained industrial cyber-physical system. The proposed m-folding method–based elliptic curve encryption showed 50% faster encryption than the existing methods.