Eigenvalues of Toeplitz matrices associated with orthogonal polynomials

Generalizing previous work of Hora (1998) on the asymptotic spectral analysis for the Hamming graph $H(n,q)$ which is the $n^{\mathrm{th}}$ Cartesian power $K_q^{\square n}$ of the complete graph $K_q$ on $q$ vertices, we describe the possible limits of the joint spectral distribution of the pair $(G^{\square n},\overline{G}\vphantom{G}^{\square n})$ of the $n^{\mathrm{th}}$ Cartesian powers of a strongly regular graph $G$ and its complement $\overline{G}$, where we let $n\rightarrow\infty$, and $G$ may vary with $n$. This result is an analogue of the bivariate central limit theorem, and we obtain in this way the bivariate Poisson distributions and the standard bivariate Gaussian distribution, together with the product measures of univariate Poisson and Gaussian distributions. We also report a family of bivariate hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials with respect to the last distributions, which we call the bivariate Charlier-Hermite polynomials, and prove basic formulas for them. This family of orthogonal polynomials seems previously unnoticed, possibly because of its peculiarity.

In recent years, one of the most interesting developments in quantum mechanics has been the construction of new exactly solvable potentials connected with the appearance of families of exceptional orthogonal polynomials (EOP) in mathematical physics. In contrast with families of (Jacobi, Laguerre and Hermite) classical orthogonal polynomials, which start with a constant, the EOP families begin with some polynomial of degree greater than or equal to one, but still form complete, orthogonal sets with respect to some positive-definite measure. We show how they may appear in the bound-state wavefunctions of some rational extensions of well-known exactly solvable quantum potentials. Such rational extensions are most easily constructed in the framework of supersymmetric quantum mechanics (SUSYQM), where they give rise to a new class of translationally shape invariant potentials. We review the most recent results in this field, which use higher-order SUSYQM. We also comment on some recent re-examinations of the shape invariance condition, which are independent of the EOP construction problem.

For some families of classical orthogonal polynomials defined on appropriate intervals, it is shown that the corresponding Jacobi matrices are totally positive and their bidiagonal factorizations can be accurately computed. By exploiting these facts, an algorithm to compute with high relative accuracy the eigenvalues of those Jacobi matrices, and consequently the nodes of Gaussian quadrature formulae for those families of orthogonal polynomials, is presented. An algorithm is also presented for the computation of the eigenvectors of these Jacobi matrices, and hence the weights of Gaussian quadrature formulae. Although in this case high relative accuracy is not theoretically guaranteed, the numerical experiments with our algorithm provide very accurate results.

Two families of orthogonal polynomials in two discrete variables are constructed for a weight function of q-hypergeometric type. The polynomials are expressed in terms of q-Hahn polynomials. The connection coefficients between the two families involve Askey and Wilson’s ${}_4 \phi _3 $-polynomials, which are certain balanced, terminating basic hypergeometric series. The method is to consider functions on the lattice of subspaces of a finite vector space which are invariant under the subgroup of the corresponding general linear group which fixes a pair of nested subspaces. By limiting methods, corresponding results are obtained for Andrews and Askey’s little q-Jacobi polynomials, which are orthogonal on a countable compact set. The classical Hahn version of the theory, where the underlying group is the symmetric group, has been worked out by the author in a previous paper.

Wronskian type determinants of orthogonal polynomials, Selberg type formulas and constant term identities

We compute the limiting distributions of the lengths of the longest monotone subsequences of random (signed) involutions with or without conditions on the number of fixed points (and negated points) as the sizes of the involutions tend to infinity. The resulting distributions are, depending on the number of fixed points, (1) the Tracy-Widom distributions for the largest eigenvalues of random GOE, GUE, GSE matrices, (2) the normal distribution, or (3) new classes of distributions which interpolate between pairs of the Tracy-Widom distributions. We also consider the second rows of the corresponding Young diagrams. In each case the convergence of moments is also shown. The proof is based on the algebraic work of J. Baik and E. Rains in [7] which establishes a connection between the statistics of random involutions and a family of orthogonal polynomials, and an asymptotic analysis of the orthogonal polynomials which is obtained by extending the Riemann-Hilbert analysis for the orthogonal polynomials by P. Deift, K. Johansson, and Baik in [3].

We study discrete semiclassical orthogonal polynomials of class s = 1. By considering particular solutions of the Pearson equation, we obtain five canonical families of such polynomials. We also consider limit relations between these and other families of orthogonal polynomials.

Orthogonal polynomials and a Dirichlet problem related to the Hilbert transform

A quantum exactly solvable non-linear oscillator with quasi-harmonic behaviour

Connection and linearization coefficients of the Askey–Wilson polynomials

The so-called Koornwinder bivariate orthogonal polynomials are generated by means of a non-trivial procedure involving two families of univariate orthogonal polynomials and a function rho (t) such that rho (t)^2 is a polynomial of degree less than or equal to 2. In this paper, we extend the Koornwinder method to the case when one of the univariate families is orthogonal with respect to a Sobolev inner product. Therefore, we study the new Sobolev bivariate families obtaining relations between the classical original Koornwinder polynomials and the Sobolev one, deducing recursive methods in order to compute the coefficients. The case when one of the univariate families is classical is analysed. Finally, some useful examples are given.

Quasi-orthogonality with applications to some families of classical orthogonal polynomials

The Laplace–Beltrami eigenvalue equation $H\\Phi = \\lambda \\Phi $ on the n-sphere is studied, with an added vector potential term motivated by the differential equations for the polynomial Lauricella functions $F_A $. The operator H is self adjoint with respect to the natural inner product induced on the sphere and, in certain special coordinates, it admits a spectral decomposition with eigenspaces composed entirely of polynomials. The eigenvalues are degenerate but the degeneracy can be broken through use of the possible separable coordinate systems on the n-sphere. Then a basis for each eigenspace can be selected in terms of the simultaneous eigenfunctions of a family of commuting second-order differential operators that also commute with H. The results provide a multiplicity of n-variable orthogonal and biorthogonal families of polynomials that generalize classical results for one and two variable families of Jacobi polynomials on intervals, disks, and paraboloids.

In Linear algebra, the concept of Leonard pair (LP) was motivated by the theory of Q-polynomial distance-regular graphs. In this dissertation, we will first give a brief introduction to LPs and to two closely-related classes of objects: (i) bipartite Leonard pairs (BLPs) and (ii) almost bipartite Leonard pairs (ABLPs). Taking these as departure points, we will introduce a new class of object - doubly almost bipartite Leonard pairs (DABLPs). The primary aim of our work is to fully classify (up to isomorphism) this new family. In addition, since there is known to be a natural correspondence between Leonard pairs and families of orthogonal polynomials, we reveal which families of orthogonal polynomials correspond to the DABLPs. Several related objects, such as Leonard triples, modular Leonard triples, spin Leonard pairs, and near-bipartite Leonard pairs have corresponding notions for the doubly almost bipartite case. These analogous objects are also defined and briefly explored.

The paper deals with orthogonal polynomials in the case where the orthogonality condition is related to semiclassical functionals. The polynomials that we discuss are a generalization of Jacobi polynomials and Jacobi-type polynomials. More precisely, we study some algebraic properties\n\t\t\t\t as well as the asymptotic behaviour of polynomials orthogonal with respect to the linear functional U\n\t\t\t\t U = Jα,β + A1δ(x − 1) + B1δ(x + 1) − A2δ \n\t\t\t\t (x − 1) − B2δ \n\t\t\t\t (x + 1),\n\t\t\t\t where Jα,β is the Jacobi linear functional, i.e.\n\t\t\t\t Jα,β , p = 1\n\t\t\t\t −1\n\t\t\t\t p(x)(1 − x)α(1 + x)β dx, α, β > −1, p ∈ P,\n\t\t\t\t and P is the linear space of polynomials with complex coefficients. The asymptotic properties are analyzed in (−1, 1) (inner asymptotics) and C \\ [−1, 1] (outer asymptotics) with respect to the behaviour of Jacobi polynomials. In a second step, we use the above results in order to obtain the location of zeros of such orthogonal polynomials. Notice that the linear functional U is a generalization of one studied by T. H. Koornwinder when A2 = B2 = 0. From the point of view of rational approximation, the corresponding Markov function is a perturbation of the Jacobi–Markov\n\t\t\t\t function by a rational function with two double poles at ±1. The denominators of the [n−1/n] Padé approximants are our orthogonal polynomials.