Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing – Principles and Applications in High Sensitivity Biosensing

Electromechanical reliability of a flexible metal-grid transparent electrode prepared by electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet printing

У даній статті розкрито основні етапи формування державної політики та здійснення реформ у сфері охорони здоров'я.Окреслено основні проблеми та перспективні напрями розвитку галузі

The article summarizes the forms and directions of international cooperation in the field of health care and evaluates the effectiveness of each of the individual forms. Based on the generalization of approaches to the classification of directions of international cooperation, the following forms of it are distinguished: membership in international organizations, cooperation of specialists in countering global health threats at the non-governmental level, international economic relations, international research and educational activities, international technical assistance, international exchange experience of state management in the field of health care. The effectiveness of Ukraine's international cooperation in the field of health care is analyzed in the following directions: development and adoption of international legislative acts, access of Ukrainian specialists to online platforms, thanks to the use of which international cooperation in the field of health care is carried out at the non-governmental level; the amount of investment in the development of the health care sector and the identification of potentially attractive areas of foreign investment; state and prospects for the development of medical tourism; analysis of publication activity in Ukraine, indicators of citation of scientific publications of Ukrainian researchers; scope and thematic direction of international technical assistance projects; characteristics of projects on the international exchange of experience in state management in the field of health care. The article determines that certain problems of Ukraine's international cooperation in the field of health care are related to insufficient activity of the Government and the Ministry of Health regarding the introduction of international cooperation at the government level; the low investment attractiveness of medical institutions of Ukraine, due to a number of institutional obstacles; lack of appropriate legislative regulation and support for medical tourism; the negative dynamics of the index of citations of scientific publications of Ukrainian researchers, despite the increase in the number of publications and the growth of funding for research and scientific and technical developments. Among the positive results of international cooperation, it is possible to note the presence of a significant number of international Internet platforms and significant volumes of implementation of international technical assistance projects.

The subject of the research is the approach to the possibility of using data science methods in the field of health care for integrated data processing and analysis in order to optimize economic and specialized processes The purpose of writing this article is to address issues related to the specifics of the use of Data Science methods in the field of health care on the basis of comprehensive information obtained from various sources. Methodology. The research methodology is system-structural and comparative analyzes (to study the application of BI-systems in the process of working with large data sets); monograph (the study of various software solutions in the market of business intelligence); economic analysis (when assessing the possibility of using business intelligence systems to strengthen the competitive position of companies). The scientific novelty the main sources of data on key processes in the medical field. Examples of innovative methods of collecting information in the field of health care, which are becoming widespread in the context of digitalization, are presented. The main sources of data in the field of health care used in Data Science are revealed. The specifics of the application of machine learning methods in the field of health care in the conditions of increasing competition between market participants and increasing demand for relevant products from the population are presented. Conclusions. The intensification of the integration of Data Science in the medical field is due to the increase of digitized data (statistics, textual informa- tion, visualizations, etc.). Through the use of machine learning methods, doctors and other health professionals have new opportunities to improve the efficiency of the health care system as a whole. Key words: Data science, efficiency, information, machine learning, medicine, Python, healthcare.

Emerging electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet printing processes have opened new pathways for manufacturing medical devices and sensors, offering the ability to fabricate complex geometries with jet diameter resolutions on the order of only a few micrometers. Despite this promise, EHD printing remains highly dynamic and strongly dependent on multiple process parameters that directly influence printing quality. Current calibration practices rely heavily on inefficient trial-and-error approaches, which hinder the broader adoption of these techniques as reliable manufacturing processes. In this work, we introduce JetCal, a data-driven optimization pipeline that integrates process physics to calibrate melt electrowriting (MEW) machines in a time- and cost-efficient manner. The framework combines a multi-physics model, capable of predicting the jet diameter profile, with a geometrical model that captures jet trajectory and lag distance. These models are coupled with a Bayesian optimization algorithm to establish a pipeline capable of pre-calibrating MEW machines virtually. Compared to conventional, labor-intensive calibration, JetCal significantly accelerates the identification of process parameters while improving printing quality. By embedding physics into a data-driven optimization framework, JetCal represents a step toward autonomous and intelligent MEW systems.

Within the scope of this article, public management in the field of health care was investigated as a structural and functional means of improving the quality of life of citizens, which allowed to identify the purpose of state institutions to increase the efficiency of the provision of medical services and ensure the necessary guarantees of social security of the population, which together form a certain institutional maximum to ensure controllability of relevant processes in the field of providing medical services and improving the quality of the population’s health. The development of national health care systems is identified, which is determined by the criterion of strengthening the state’s social security indicators, the effectiveness of its participation in the processes of expanding social guarantees to the population. The expediency of introducing an integrated indicator of determining the institutional capacity of the state to improve the quality of life of the population is substantiated, in accordance with which a modernization and reform toolkit for the transformation of the public administration system in the field of health care is proposed, by bringing it into maximum compliance with the expectations and demands of the population in the form of building an integrated system public management in the field of health care, as a condition for guaranteeing the effectiveness of institutional changes in the field of health care and restraining the negative dynamics associated with the decline in the quality of medical care and the quality of life of the population in general.Public administration in the field of health care has been identified as a structural condition for ensuring the social security of the state in the postmodern period in the form of providing institutional guarantees for the realization of the rights of citizens to receive quality medical care, improving the quality of life of the population, improving the demographic situation, employment and social security, the effectiveness of overcoming relevant social anomalies characteristic of the development of the welfare state as an indicator of the state’s ability to respond appropriately to ensuring the anthropocentric value of its public policy; it was established that the strategic priority for national systems of public administration in the field of health care in the postmodern period is the introduction of complex systems of strategic planning in the field of social security of the population, aimed at ensuring high indicators of the quality of life of the population by organizing the interaction of institutions of the state, society and business, forming of the latest network determination between them regarding the coordination of efforts in the context of ensuring the effectiveness of the quality of life of the population

Introduction. Moral, ethical, and professional deontological rules have a substantial impact on the social relations of legal regulation regarding liability for abuses and violations of citizens’ rights – people taking medication – patients as part of the health care system. The identification of the place and role of moral norms, ethics, and professional deontology, their quality as specific non-traditional primary sources in the development of the health care system, and the sub-branch of pharmaceutical law in the Republic of Moldova were the focus of the present study. Material and methods. The secondary descriptive synthesis study of normative-legal acts as primary specific non-traditional sources, viewed through the lens of the protection of the rights of the consumer of medicines, the patient – the ultimate beneficiary of the social relations in the field of health care – spanned the years 1991 to 2021. The most relevant sources subject to analysis are the Constitution of the Republic of Moldova, the Code of Ethics for doctors and pharmacists in the Republic of Moldova, laws, and sub-legislative acts, etc. The study is based on the use of several recognized techniques and methods of analysis: systemic approach, synthesis, logical-legal deduction, content and comparative analysis, etc. Results. Both the literature and recognized authors state that respect for moral, ethical, bioethical, and professional deontological norms in the field of health care has always been highly appreciated in society, which has led to the recognition of the nobility of medical and pharmaceutical activity. The results presented in this paper have made it possible to highlight aspects that recommend that the investigation of the role of legal regulation in medical and pharmaceutical activities also question the place and role of moral, ethical, and bioethical norms, as they generally have the same thematic orientation and influence on law, legislation, the practice of applying the law, and vice versa. Conclusions. The accomplished study allowed the identification of the dialectical and organic unity between moral, ethical, bioethical, and deontological sources with the rules of law - the moral-legal foundation of medico-pharmaceutical law. The consolidation of legal and moral norms demonstrates the structuring of the sub-branch of medico-pharmaceutical law. The analysis of the normative-legal acts in the Republic of Moldova confirms both the functionality of the „moral-ethics-deontology-law” system and the importance given to the protection of the rights of the consumer of medicines, the patient, as the ultimate beneficiary of social relations in the field of health care.

On the basis of the analysis of the normative and legal regulation of health care in Ukraine, it was possible to establish that the adoption of the Act of Independence at the extraordinary session of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian SSR on August 24, 1991 prompted the young state to adopt normative and legal acts, including those that should to ensure the realization of citizens’right to health care, as well as to develop new terms of payment for medical workers of health care institutions in the conditions of the market economy existing at that time. During the first year of independence, a number of regulatory and legal acts were adopted, which related to raising the wages of health care workers, combating the spread of diseases caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, as well as legal and social protection of people living with such a virus. Attention is drawn to the first Regulations on the Ministry of Health (1992) and the adoption of the Law of Ukraine «Basics of the Legislation of Ukraine on Health Care», which despite the fact that certain provisions of this legislative act do not fully meet modern requirements, it is laid the foundations of the protective function of the state, ensured the guarantees of citizens’right to health care and their protection. It is emphasized that the adoption of the Constitution of Ukraine marked a new stage in the development of legal relations in the field of health care, which later found its continuation in normative legal acts that regulate relations in the field of health care. It is emphasized that the research carried out on the legal regulation of social relations in the field of health care in Ukraine gave reasons to find out that such regulation has a complex, interdisciplinary nature, which is due to a wide range of public and private legal relations, united by the common goal of realizing the right of each of a person for health care as the highest social value. It is noted that the current stage of legal regulation is characterized by the implementation of measures for the ability of the health care system of Ukraine to operate under martial law conditions. The author’s periodization of the formation and development of health care in Ukraine is proposed, which includes five main periods of this process.

The aim of this research is to develop a method for creating an online service site in the field of health care. The object of research is the process of developing a medical website. The developed site of online services of the medical institution is a partial implementation of the medical information system. The creation of the methodology for the development of the site of online services in the field of health care was carried out on the basis of the development of API methods (Application Programming Interface methods) and functionality on the site server, which provides the opportunity to interact with eHealth and will allow integration with other medical systems. A feature of the created medical information system is interaction with the centralized eHealth system. API documentation, which is publicly available, is used to interact with the eHealth system. The choice of tools for the development of a medical information system is substantiated. For this, alternative variants of means of developing the client side of the site are determined and the importance of each means was calculated. Super Decisions software is used to determine the importance of criteria and compare alternative options. With the help of the Super Decisions program, the React framework is chosen for the development of the client side of the site. The structure of the website of online services in the medical field is developed, the client and server sides of the product are practically implemented. Development of the server part of the site was carried out based on integration with third-party systems and creation of API methods for exchanging information on the client side. Criteria are defined and programming languages for backend development are analyzed. PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) language is chosen based on the analysis of reasonable criteria. Symfony is chosen as the PHP framework. A graphic representation of the structure and navigation of the site is developed. The procedure for setting up the environment and raising the project according to the selected technologies is proposed. Integration of the developed site with eHealth is proposed. Experimental testing of the developed site for online services in the field of health care is performed

Antimicrobial activity and mechanism of action of a novel cationic α-helical octadecapeptide derived from heat shock protein 70 of rice

FePO4 is biocompatible and can act as a kind of promising enzyme mimetic. Unfortunately, the electrical conductivity of FePO4 is poor. In order to enhance its conductivity, FePO4 was embedded into nanofibers consisting of amorphous carbon and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) by an electrospinning technique. As a sensing material for monitoring superoxide anion (O2•-) and typically operated at 0.5V (vs. SCE), it displays high sensitivity (9.6 μA⋅μM-1⋅cm-2), a low detection limit (9.7nM at S/N = 3), a wide linear response range (10nM to 10μM), and fast response (1.6s). Due to its low detection limit and fast response, the sensor in our perception has a large potential for detecting superoxide anions released by HeLa cancer cells. Graphical abstract Schematic of the microstructure of FePO4/C and FePO4/rGO-C nanofibers, a photograph of cancer cells (HeLa), and the electrochemical response towards O2-• of the sensor.

In the article were analyzed the state and prospects of further medical reform in Ukraine. The authors set themselves the goal of conducting a study of the essence of health care reform, and during this process advantages and disadvantages of implemented changes in this area were characterized. The importance of this study lies in the fact that human health and life are recognized at the constitutional level as the highest price, and therefore their protection requires special attention from the state. Promoting the development of health care system improve the quality of life of the population, which in the future will have a positive effect on the economic development of the country. Four main directions of the reform were developed in the work, such as improving the quality of medical services, optimizing the financing of the health care system, improving the management system, and changes in the pharmaceutical sector. An important achievement of the reform is the introduction of the medical services market, which has its own specific features and base on the principle of free competition and financial transparency. The article focuses on the legal regulation of public relations in the field of health care. Legislative provision of this is considered from the point of view of creating a competitive market for medical services, which is opposed to the administrative model of ensuring citizens' health care. The institutional nature of the organization of such market with relevant entities providing services competing with each other is emphasized; medical service in its commodity-value aspect; introduction of the principle of consumer choice of medical service and the entity that provides it; creation of a special state agency that pays the cost of the provided medical service to the relevant subject of medical activity for the benefit of the beneficiary-consumer, who chose this particular subject. Accordingly, the driving force of the market is recognized the actual medical economic activity. Taking into account the above, the article, based on the analysis of the relevant legal acts, concludes that relations in the field of health care have been transformed in the direction of the economic and legal nature of their regulation. This is evidenced by the use of stable constructions of economic law, namely: economic activity; non-commercial management; communal non-commercial enterprise; state regulation of economic activity; subject of organizational and economic powers, etc. The continuation of scientific researches on this issue will contribute to the further development of the national health sector, including by improving the public management of this component of the national economy.

The article is devoted to the international legal regulation of health insurance and protection of patient rights in the context of the formation of global and regional standards in the field of health care. Universal international acts that enshrine the right to medical care and social protection are considered, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the Constitution of the World Health Organization. At the regional level, the documents of the European Union, the Council of Europe and the World Health Organization for Europe are analyzed, which emphasize the need for equal access to medical services and effective protection of patients’ rights. The work compares national models of health insurance and legal support for the protection of patients’ interests using the example of Kazakhstan, Germany and the USA. The author analyzes the differences between compulsory and voluntary insurance systems, the degree of state participation in health care financing, guarantees of compliance with patients’ rights, as well as mechanisms of legal liability for their violation. It is noted that international and regional standards create a basis for unifying approaches in the field of health care and protection of patients’ rights, but their practical implementation largely depends on socio-economic conditions, the level of development of national legislation and the readiness of states for international cooperation. A conclusion is made about the importance of improving the national legal framework taking into account international norms and recommendations, which will ensure a comprehensive nature of the protection of patient rights and strengthen the health insurance system.

ABSTRACTThe hospital is an institution in the field of health care, but this time a lot of changes. At the beginning ofits development, the hospital is an institution that serves the social, but with the private hospitals, makingthe hospital more refers as an industry engaged in the field of health care by management based on themanagement of a business entity. The results obtained from this study is the general level of satisfactionin RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo good enough. The author explains through the level of concordancebetween performance and expectations according to respondents' perception of 100.03%. As for therelationship Chi-Square analysis concluded that the quality of service RSUPN DDR. CiptoMangunkusumo especially inpatient class 2 in unit A building, give significant influence on satisfactionfor the customer/patient , both at the level of performance and the level of expectation. At the level ofperformance, obtained statistical Chi-Square at 383.938 that was significant at 95% confidence level.While the level of expectation, obtained statistical Chi-Square at 312.468 that was significant at 95%confidence level.Keywords: service quality and service satisfaction.

The medical industry, with its unique characteristics and inherent complexities, especially in times of war, often requires innovative approaches to resource allocation and procurement. Auction mechanisms, which are traditionally used in various industries, are gaining more and more importance in the field of health care. This study delves into the design and implementation of auctions in the Ukrainian healthcare sector, exploring their potential benefits, challenges, and implications for efficiency and equity. The results of the study contribute to the growth of knowledge about the theory of auctions and its practical application in the field of health care, offering valuable insights for medical professionals and other stakeholders involved in the allocation of resources in the Ukrainian health care system.