Electromagnetic analysis of 2.5D structures in open layered media

BACKGROUND Japanese medical education has undergone dramatic changes over the last 5 years. Clinical exercises and ambulatory-care training are now stressed to prepare medical students and residents for work in primary and continuing-care settings. For comparative purposes, we conducted a review of the undergraduate and residency training programs for ambulatory care at the University of Toronto in Canada. This report will examine the problems of training programs for ambulatory care in Japan by comparing the Canadian and Japanese models. METHOD From December 2004 to March 2005, the first author observed the ambulatory training systems at the University of Toronto. OUTLINE OF CANADIAN AMBULATORY TRAINING PROGRAMS : There are three typical types of ambulatory training programs in Canada : community-office based programs for undergraduate students in family and community medicine; hospital/clinic based programs for junior residents in internal medicine; and consultation service programs for senior residents in internal medicine. Undergraduate and residency training programs are largely consistent with each other. The current trend in medical education is towards increased consolidation and efficiency in teacher and student training systems, with a reduction in the number of teaching hospitals and integration of teaching staff and curricula. Moreover, team-based training for ambulatory care appears effective. DISCUSSION To improve the Japanese ambulatory training system, it is desirable to increase communication and contact between undergraduate-program educators and residency-training program educators in order to achieve integration and consistency between programs.

Planar Beam-forming Antenna Array for 60-GHz Broadband Communication

Traditionally, proponents of industrial developments emphasise the technical and economic factors associated with development and largely underestimate the importance of the social, cultural, economic and political dimensions, which are critical in all industrial developments. These socio-cultural factors include community value and belief systems and notably, also the techno-economic values and ideologies to which government agencies and industrial developers subscribe. This thesis argues that to assure local peace and a socially, culturally and environmentally sustainable development, different stakeholder values and ideologies must be aligned and industry/community interests balanced. These opposing value positions, however, are widely believed to be irreconcilable and that responsible industrial development cannot occur without a fundamental shift from the traditional resource management paradigm to its ecocentric alternative. In contrast, this thesis found that different stakeholder values and ideologies could be successfully aligned without a wholesale paradigm shift. This was made possible by merging social variables with the traditional resource management paradigm as well as with various organisational change theories. This thesis, therefore, advances a new synthesis that combines the social variable of project specific power sharing, the traditional resource management paradigm, and organisational change theory and in particular the punctuated equilibrium and deep structure paradigms. This synthesis is particularly useful to better understand how and why organisational structures and substructures respond to punctuated techno-economic equilibria, such as resource availability. This thesis analyses these discontinuous change processes of punctuated equilibrium by applying its paradigmatic synthesis to two large industrial developments. These development were chosen because the developer of the FEnza, Kleiner HASelboden, hence the project name FEKLHAS, in Switzerland and the operators of the East End Mine in Central Queensland faced the same problem of resource availability. In contrast to the organisational change literature, the deep structure and punctuated equilibrium paradigms this thesis found that incremental change does not necessarily occur when only the more marginal levels of deep structure are affected. Furthermore, revolutionary change does not necessarily occur when fundamental levels of deep structure reconfigure, supposedly changing with them all marginal levels embedded in the core levels. Consequently, this thesis argues fundamental external perturbations such as limitations in resource availability do not necessarily alter deep structure commitments at all organisational levels. Instead, a new phenomenon emerged from this study, which this thesis calls, project specific deep structure commitments. This thesis found that these case specific deep structure commitments are capable of isolating the marginal organisational level from the core. This may be tolerated by the core organisational level to avoid legal exposure, thereby assuring stability, while maintaining the earlier deep structure commitments at the margins. Revolutionary change or the reconfiguration of deep structure commitments at the core organisational level on the other hand, may exclude organisational substructures at the marginal level for the same reasons. Against this background this thesis argues that organisational deep structure forces associated with incremental change are more compatible with the punctuated equilibrium idea than previously considered.

Farm Credit in Canada . By W. T. Easterbrook. Foreword by H. A. Innis. (Political Economy Series, no. 2.) The Maurice Cody Foundation. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 1938. Pp. xii, 260. ($2.50)

Canadian Issues: Essays in Honour of Henry F. Angus . Edited by Clark Robert M.. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, for the University of British Columbia. 1961. Pp. xx, 371. $7.50.

The TVA: An Approach to the Development of a Region . By Gordon R. Clapp. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press [Toronto: University of Toronto Press]. 1955. Pp. xiv, 206. $3.50.

John Rae, Political Economist: An Account of His Life and a Compilation of His Main Writings. I, Life and Miscellaneous Writings; II, Statement of Some New Principles on the Subject of Political Economy . By R. Warren James. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 1965. Pp. xii, 487; vi, xx, 419. $18.00 the set.

'Mercers' Pageant Documents (1433) (Indenture)', 'Mercers' Pageant Documents (1461) (Expenses)', in Records of Early English Drama: York, 2 vols, Toronto, Buffalo and London: Manchester University Press and University of Toronto Press, I, pp. 55–6, 91–2

Representative and Responsible Government: An Essay on the British Constitution . By A. H. Birch. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 1964. Pp. 252. $5.00.

Housing and Income . By Margaret G. Reid. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press [Toronto: University of Toronto Press]. 1962. Pp. xx, 415. $7.50.

The Social Credit Movement in Alberta . By Irving John A.. Social Credit in Alberta: Its Background and Development, no. 10. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 1959. Pp. xiv, 369. $6.00.

We present experimental and simulation data of subterahertz attenuation of coplanar waveguides (CPWs) with wide and narrow ground planes. Experimental data are obtained by using a subpicosecond measurement technique based on electrooptic sampling. While time-domain data qualitatively describe the attenuation characteristics, they are converted to the frequency domain by a Fourier transform to give a quantitative interpretation. Simulation data are obtained by full-wave analysis and compared with the experimental results. It is shown that the simulation results consistently agree with experimental results. Furthermore, in the case of CPWs with wide ground planes, both of them are consistent with analytical theory. While CPWs with narrow ground planes have not been analytically studied, our results show that they suffer considerably lower attenuation, which we attribute to a reduced coupling between the CPW mode and substrate modes. The effects of ground-plane width and line dimensions on the attenuation characteristics are discussed in detail.

We investigated the propagation losses and the characteristic impedances Z/sub L/ of coplanar waveguides (CPWs) and microstrip lines (MSLs) on a planar lightwave circuit (PLC)-platform formed on a silica/silicon substrate. The loss of the CPWs was 2.7 dB/cm at 10 GHz on the PLC-platform with 30 /spl mu/m thick silica layer. Thus, a cm-order circuit of this CPW is difficult to fabricate in the 10 Gb/s module. This is because the silicon substrate has a large loss tangent (tan /spl delta/). On the other hand, the loss of the MSLs, where a ground plane shielded the high loss silicon substrate, could be improved to 0.9 dB/cm at 10 GHz with 30 /spl mu/m thick polyimide. These lower loss MSLs on a PLC-platform can be applied to module operation at 10 Gb/s. Furthermore they have the advantage that they are suitable for application to array device circuits or circuits in a module where several devices are integrated because unlike CPWs the ground planes are not divided by signal lines or DC bias lines. The structure of CPWs and MSLs on a PLC-platform with a Z/sub L/ of 50 /spl Omega/ was also studied in detail.

PART I: OWNERSHIP AND CONTROL PART II: ORGANIZATION AND MODES OF EXPLOITATION PART III: EXPLOITATION AND PROCESSING

‘The Sea and the Stars and the Wastes of the Desert’, University of Toronto Quarterly, 67, pp. 750–60