Emergency Alerting Technologies Relevant to Forest Fires

Emergency Alert and Warning Systems

RBDS As An Emergency Broadcasting And Alert System

The alarming rise in kidnapping incidents across Nigeria demands innovative, reliable, and context-appropriate personal safety solutions. Existing GSM panic buttons and mobile applications are often hindered by hardware constraints, dependence on constant internet connectivity, and slow activation under duress. This paper presents the design and implementation of an anti-kidnapping system that integrates an ESP8266-based emergency button with an Android mobile application, enabling dual-mode alert delivery via Internet or SMS. When the emergency button is pressed, the ESP8266 powers on and instantly enters Wi-Fi Access Point (AP) mode. The Android application, running a foreground service, connects as a client, acquires GPS coordinates from the phone, and combines them with a timestamp and the user’s preconfigured emergency contacts. This information is sent to an IoT server, which triggers notifications via Firebase Cloud Messaging. If internet connectivity is unavailable, the application automatically switches to SMS mode to ensure alert delivery. Hardware-triggered activation and firmware-controlled power-down ensure zero standby power consumption, enabling extended operational readiness on a single charge. Field tests across varying connectivity conditions showed activation in less than 2 seconds, alert delivery in 5–9 s depending on connectivity, and GPS accuracy typically within ±10 m. The system’s low cost, portability, and independence from continuous network access make it suitable for deployment across Nigeria’s urban, rural, and low-resource settings, with potential for broader emergency response applications. Keywords: Anti-Kidnapping Technology, Emergency Alert System, GPS, SMS, Internet-of-Things, Mobile Application

The existing Emergency Communication System (ECS) infrastructure is becoming increasingly outdated with many members of the pubic moving away from landline based telecommunications and broadcast television in favor of cellular telephones and internet-based streaming entertainment services. Current systems for public services such as E911 and Emergency Alert System broadcasts are no longer a reliable means for reaching the public. In addition, both wired and wireless telecommunications systems can become overwhelmed, as was the case following Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and the World Trade Center disaster in 2001, and in fact, when communications are needed most urgently, the difficulty of maintaining effective communication increases exponentially. While the use of Internet based alternatives could resolve some of these problems, existing Internet infrastructure offers no dedicated or priority bandwidth to the user for emergency communications (e.g. E911 or Emergency Alert System). The current Internet capacity can also be overloaded due to high volume network data streams. Under these conditions, emergency communications (e.g. inbound and outbound communications reporting catastrophic or emergency events) may have their packets dropped resulting in incomplete and/or delayed communications. To alleviate these problems, this paper presents a novel framework for ECS using network virtualization via Software Defined Networks (SDN). A table top demonstration of ECS using SDN was developed at the University of Idaho, Idaho Falls. This paper details the foundational technologies and overviews the steps taken at the University of Idaho to develop ECS suing SDN.

The increasing risks of kidnapping and emergencies necessitate rapid and reliable safety solutions. ResQlink: An Intelligent Emergency Alert and Threat Detection System addresses these concerns by integrating speech recognition for hands-free distress detection and geolocation tracking for real-time location updates. Upon detecting distress, the system automatically sends alerts containing geotagged coordinates, live images, and nearest police station details to predefined emergency contacts via SMS and email. A key innovation is real-time weapon detection using the YOLO (You Only Look Once) model, which identifies weapons, captures images, and promptly shares them with responders. Experimental results show that the YOLO-based weapon detection achieves 90% accuracy, with an average detection time of 0.4 seconds per frame. Additionally, the speech recognition module ensures 89% accuracy in distress detection under controlled environments. To improve security during travel, ResQlink includes a passcode-protected safety mode and customizable interval-based check-ins. System testing confirms that emergency alerts are successfully delivered within 1.5 seconds on average, ensuring a swift response. Built on a scalable cloud architecture, ResQlink leverages Flask for backend processing, MongoDB for secure data management, and Twilio APIs for communication. By automating emergency responses and integrating AI-driven safety mechanisms, ResQlink sets a new benchmark in personal security technology.

The AI-Driven Female Safety App will be a real-time emergency reporting system, that will be voice initiated and will help support the needs of damaged/unsafe individuals in an unsecure or compromised situation. This solution incorporates Artificial Intelligence (AI) to recognize a list of pre-defined emergency keywords eg; "help," "save me" etc., through an Android smartphones continual background listening ability. This app will be designed to continually listen for these keywords and upon recognition will go through a sequence of automated actions including, haring live location through GPS, recording audio, turning on a siren noise, turning on the flash light, and then automatically notifying the required emergency contacts. This type of tool will allow recordings to operate entirely autonomously and passively - without any action or engagement from the Ontario woman. As above, if a woman is unconscious, paralyzed or restrained, this type of app can be very beneficial. The app will use an efficient, lean model of AI dedicated to keyword spotting that will rely on already established smartphone sensor APIs for microphones, GPS, and flashlight. Not only is the app being designed to detect an emergency accurately and reliably, it will also address concepts of false positives, privacy, and power consumption by utilizing a modular design, with configured configurability thresholds. This step relies on utilizing existing technology that can provide not only personal safety and security (that will become increasingly important for women), but provide a low-cost, scalable, user-friendly safety tool that is using any modern installed version of the Android device and the sensors already included, and not extra hardware from another device.

When a disaster occurs, effective alerts will reduce human life and property loss. The Integrated Emergency Alert System is a national disaster management system which integrates existing alert systems to deliver effective disaster alerts. Alert message exchange protocol is the essential technology for the System. In Korea, the first specification for “Common Alerting Protocol Profile for Integrated Emergency Alert System” was established in 2014. In this paper, we derive two additional requirements for more enhanced alert service and propose revision of the specification: multilingual alert service for foreigners and more flexible representation of target area. We review the associated foreign profile specifications as well as the domestic specifications to analyze these requirements. Finally, we propose the most efficient way to deliver multilingual alert message and to represent target area. Keyword : Emergency Alert System(EAS), Common Alerting Protocol(CAP) 특집논문 (Special Paper) 방송공학회논문지 제19권 제6호, 2014년 11월 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 6, November 2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/JBE.2014.19.6.847 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) 848 방송공학회논문지 제19권 제6호, 2014년 11월 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 6, November 2014)

The Smart Fall Detection and Emergency Alert System

This paper proposes a novel system to enhance the efficiency of medical emergency services during road accidents. The increasing number of accidents due to reckless driving, drunk driving, and driver negligence necessitates a more effective way to respond to these incidents promptly. The current system often faces delays in informing the ambulance and police authorities, which may lead to severe consequences for the victims. To address this issue, the paper suggests integrating sensors in vehicles to monitor critical data like displacement, location, and chassis number using a Global Positioning System (GPS) device. This information would be shared through the Internet of Things (IoT) to a control center, allowing them to dispatch the necessary emergency response units to the accident site swiftly. The proposed system utilizes a gyro sensor (MEMS sensor) to detect angle changes between 45° and 315° and a vibration sensor that activates at a collision impact frequency of 90 Hz or more. This system could potentially serve as a reliable addition to the safety features in vehicles manufactured in India, ensuring better accuracy in accident detection and reporting. In conclusion, this paper presents a valuable concept to improve medical emergency services during road accidents by implementing a smart vehicle based system. The integration of sensors and IoT technology can significantly reduce response time and save lives by providing immediate assistance to victims in need.

Superstorm Sandy, and similar disasters, have demonstrated the vulnerability of the nation's cellular telephone systems. Difficulties include overloads when usage suddenly increases; physical destruction of tower sites; and lack of sustained backup power. In contrast, US terrestrial broadcasters have a proven track-record to supply emergency information reliably, over large geographical areas and for as long as needed, as witnessed in the New York and New Jersey areas as well as in New Orleans (Katrina). Furthermore, digital television service to the home is now extended to mobile digital television (mobile DTV) serving portable and handheld devices including those in high speed vehicles. Mobile DTV is currently deployed in 50 major US cities by more than 140 stations with many more in the planning stages. Recently, the ATSC (Advanced Television Systems Committee) has also standardized the Mobile Emergency Alert System (M-EAS). M-EAS can provide both the familiar text "crawl" emergency alerts, and more complex and useful rich media information such as maps and video. M-EAS can be implemented in stand-alone devices, in cellular telephones, and/or in accessory hardware for existing devices.

This paper investigates Space-Based Emergency Alerts (SBEA) as an additional alert system that is less susceptible to disruption by complex disasters such as wildfires or other widespread devastation. Emergency services play a crucial role in ensuring the survival and resilience of individuals, businesses, and communities in the face of disasters. There are numerous existing emergency alert systems managed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and Federal Communications Commission (FCC) such as Emergency Alert System (EAS), Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA), and Non-Weather Emergency Messages (NWEM). The most used system, WEA, is highly vulnerable to disruption by destructive disasters as it relies heavily on terrestrial-based infrastructure such as cellular towers. In this paper, an analysis of the existing systems is conducted and feasibility assessment for a new system is performed. The results of the analysis indicate that through recent advancement in mobile smartphone and satellite communication technology, the employment of a Space-Based Emergency Alert system, operating in conjunction with existing alert systems is likely, over time, to greatly enhance emergency alert performance and ultimately public safety.

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The audio qualities of the digital and analog signals are characterized and compared for the HD Radio In-Band On-Channel (IBOC) Hybrid FM broadcast system. The Hybrid HD Radio modes of transmission carry the original (host) analog signals simultaneously with a digital signal conveying the same audio program, but with superior sound quality. The digital signal is transmitted at a lower level than the analog signal in a carefully designed modulation scheme that minimizes corruption and maximizes compatibility with the host analog audio. Audio quality characteristics, such as SNR for an analog signal, are compared to audio characteristics for a digital audio codec.</div>

Medical educators are expected to produce educational scholarship, which can lead to career advancement and promotion. Institutions have developed author development programs, which vary in duration, instructional approach, and effectiveness. However, no summation of the evidence exists for academic medicine leaders to use as guidance for building similar programs. This scoping review characterizes faculty development programs that support educational scholarship and author development in academic medicine. The authors searched PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ProQuest (Healthcare Administration Database and Social Science Premium Collection) for articles published from inception to June 14, 2021. Articles that described formal instruction on scholarly writing for publishing were included. Data were analyzed by program participation, structure, content delivery, and outcomes. Of 923 articles identified, 20 met inclusion criteria. The included studies covered 18 unique programs of which 1 was sponsored jointly by a university and professional society, 5 by professional societies, 5 by university or medical school organizations, and 7 by medical departments. Nine programs relied at least in part on volunteers. Instructional approaches included didactics (7 programs) and mentoring (5 programs) but mostly featured group-based work (11 programs). Expectations for participants ranged from participation to manuscript submission. The main funding sources were grants (8 programs) and internal funds (7 programs) from the sponsoring institution. Only 4 programs reported participation fees. The impact of these programs included scholarly work products, other measures of career advancement, and participant perceptions. Author development programs require resource investment and a culture that values educational scholarship. Workshops, 1-on-1 mentoring, and peer writing groups are cornerstones of the experiential learning approach needed to build scholarship skills and can pay dividends in supporting the academic mission in medicine. These findings may benefit leaders in academic medicine who want to develop evidence-based programs in author development.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of health education as an integrated marketing strategy for probiotic products through social media at PT Yakult Indonesia Persada. Health education is increasingly recognized as a strategic approach in value-based marketing, where companies offer not only products but also knowledge and added value for consumer well-being. The research employed a qualitative descriptive method using field observation, interviews with marketing staff, and a literature review of related studies. The findings indicate that PT Yakult Indonesia Persada successfully incorporates health education into its marketing activities through the Yakult Lady program, school visits, health seminars, factory tours, and interactive digital content on social media platforms. These strategies have proven effective in raising consumer awareness of digestive health, strengthening brand image, and maintaining customer loyalty. The study highlights the crucial role of social media integration in reaching younger demographics, fostering engagement, and amplifying educational messages. The consistent delivery of educational content, supported by visual storytelling and personalized approaches, has contributed significantly to Yakult’s sustainable growth in the Indonesian probiotic market. Theoretically, this study enriches the discourse on digital marketing and health communication, while practically, it offers insights for companies seeking to align promotional strategies with consumer education and public health improvement.

A comparison of face-to-face and online training in improving managers' confidence to support the mental health of workers