Emergency Logistics and Distribution Modeling and Methods

Accounting for genotype by environment interaction in economic appraisal of genetic improvement programs in common carp Cyprinus carpio

Logistics distribution vehicle planning is an important issue in logistics transportation activities, and it is also a research hotspot in theoretical circles at home and abroad. At present, many studies have focused on establishing vehicle planning models and optimizing vehicle planning in different environments and have achieved rich results. As an important part of transportation production process, the efficiency of logistics distribution is very important to the whole production process. Especially for emergency logistics, every minute is very critical for emergency situations such as disaster relief. In order to improve the efficiency of emergency logistics, this paper applies multiagent technology to emergency logistics and puts forward an integrated modeling method of enterprise macromodeling, business process mesomodeling, and micromodel design. Using the agent-oriented system development method, an emergency logistics distribution vehicle planning model system is established. The development process of multiagent automatic trading system is described. The results show that it is feasible and effective to use multi-intelligent fuselage technology for emergency logistics distribution vehicle planning and decision-making. The algorithm proposed in this paper has advantages over the container order sequence processing scheme, and the total cost of order acceptance decreases sharply in the initial stage, which shows the practical convergence of the algorithm. The adjacency search method and Tabu search method deal with the calculation of total labor cost, and the Tabu neighborhood search algorithm obtains better results with lower labor cost.

이 연구는 비용-편익 비율(B/C), 순현재가치법(NPV), 내부수익률(IRR)을 활용하여 8개 대학에서 시행예정인 행복(공공)기숙사 사업의 타당성 분석을 위해 설계 및 시공기간 2년, 운영기간 30년을 포함한 32년간의 비용-편익을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 행복기숙사 건립의 대안으로 민자기숙사 건립 방안을 설정하였고, 비용-편익 분석결과의 비교를 통해 행복기숙사 사업과 민자기숙사 사업 중, 어느 대안이 더 타당한 것인지 분석하였다. 또한 지역규모에 따른 효과를 살펴보기 위해 지역 별로 비용-편익 분석을 실시하였다. 마지막으로 민감도 분석을 위해 할인율, 기숙사수용률을 다르게 설정한 비용-편익 분석을 실시했다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 비용-편익 비율(B/C), 순현재가치법(NPV), 내부수익률(IRR) 추정결과, 행복기숙사 사업이 민자기숙사에 비해 비용 대비 편익이 더 큰 사업이었다. 둘째, 기숙사가 위치한 소재지 규모에 따른 비용-편익 분석결과, 서울시, 광역시, 시군 규모 순으로 행복기숙사 건립 방안의 비용 대비 편익이 큰 것을 확인하였다. 셋째, 기숙사 수용률에 따른 비용-편익 분석결과, 행복기숙사 사업이 완공이후, 30년간 기숙사 수용률이 60% 정도를 충족한다고 하더라도 비용 대비 편익이 더 큰 사업임을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 행복기숙사 사업이 민자기숙사에 비해 사회적 편익이 큰 사업임을 시사하는 동시에, 소재지역의 규모가 큰 곳일수록 사회적 편익이 큼을 의미한다. 또한 실제 운영과정에 있어, 기 숙사수용률이 60% 정도까지 낮아지더라도 안정적으로 운영이 가능한 사업임을 시사하는 바이다.The purpose of this study is to analyze the feasibility of the Happy(Public) Dormitory project to be implemented by eight universities using the cost-benefit ratio (B/C), net present value method (NPV), and internal rate of return (IRR). The analysis period is two years for the design period and 30 years for the operation period. As an alternative, we set up a private residence dormitory and compared the results of the cost - benefit analysis to find out which alternative is more appropriate among the happy dormitory project and the private dormitory project. In addition, cost - benefit analysis was conducted for each region to examine the effects of regional size. Lastly, for the sensitivity analysis, cost-benefit analysis was conducted with different discount rate and dormitory acceptance rate. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, cost - benefit ratio (B/C), net present value method (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) estimation result showed that the happy dormitory project was more cost - effective than the private dormitory. Second, the results of the cost - benefit analysis according to the size of the residence where the dormitory is located show that the cost - benefit ratio of the dormitory building in Seoul, metropolitan city is higher than small city. Third, as a result of the cost - benefit analysis according to the dormitory acceptance rate, it was confirmed that even though the dormitory acceptance rate of the dormitory is 60% after 30 years of completion. This result suggests that the happy dormitory project is a business with big social benefits as compared with the private dormitory, and the larger the area, the greater the social benefits. In addition, it suggests that it is a stable business even if the dormitory acceptance rate drops to around 60% in actual operation.

Invasive alien species (IAS) are identified as a major threat to biodiversity and ecosystem services. While early detection and control programs to avoid establishments of new alien species can be very cost-effective, control costs for well-established species can be enormous. Many of these well-established species constitute severe or high ecological impact and are thus likely to be included in control programs. However, due to limited funds, we need to prioritize which species to control according to the gains in ecological status and human well-being compared to the costs. Benefit-Cost Analysis (BCA) provides such a tool but has been hampered by the difficulties in assessing the overall social benefits on the same monetary scale as the control costs. In order to overcome this obstacle, we combine a non-monetary benefit assessment tool with the ecosystem service framework to create a benefit assessment in line with the welfare economic underpinnings of BCA. Our simplified BCA prioritization tool enables us to conduct rapid and cheap appraisals of large numbers of invasive species that the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre has found to cause negative ecological impacts. We demonstrate this application on 30 well-established invasive alien vascular plant species in Norway. Social benefits are calculated and aggregated on a benefit point scale for six impact categories: four types of ecosystem services (supporting, provisioning, regulating and cultural), human health and infrastructure impacts. Total benefit points are then compared to the total control costs of programs aiming at eradicating individual IAS across Norway or in selected vulnerable ecosystems. Although there are uncertainties with regards to IAS population size, benefits assessment and control program effectiveness and costs; our simplified BCA tool identified six species associated with robust low cost-benefit ratios in terms of control costs (in million USD) per benefit point. As a large share of public funds for eradication of IAS is currently spent on control programs for other plant species, we recommend that the environmental authorities at all levels use our BCA prioritization tool to increase the social benefits of their limited IAS control budgets. In order to maximize the net social benefits of IAS control programs, environmental valuation studies of their ecosystem service benefits are needed.

The functions of VTS are to ensure the security of waterways in the port, improve the efficiency of vessel navigation and avoid the pollution of the water, which is an important approach to water traffic management. It has apparent achievements in enhancing port operation efficiency and promoting the development of related industries. As a public service, the investment and operation cost of VTS is high. It has significant indirect economic and social benefits but relatively small direct economic benefits or profits. There is a lack of a unified method for the quantitative assessment of the VTS economic benefits. It is a meaningful topic that should be further explored in theoretical research. This paper analyzes and evaluates the connotation of VTS economic benefits and defines the scope of direct and indirect economic benefits. The direct economic benefits are classified with the specific business of VTS to establish a basic model, and sampling analysis is used to measure them in the application. For indirect economic benefits, the Input-Output Analysis (I-O) is used to measure them. The operational data of the Tianjin VTS is used as an example for verification. The correct understanding and evaluation of direct and indirect economic benefits generated by VTS is an inherent requirement to reflect the operational performance of VTS objectively and provides a scientific decision-making basis for the continuous investment and operation of VTS.

Housing development is a long-term investment that requires careful planning to avoid financial risks and unexpected cost escalation. This study highlights the importance of implementing Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) as a comprehensive assessment tool for evaluating the feasibility of residential construction projects. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through literature review and documentation, and analyzed using key feasibility indicators such as Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), Payback Period (PP), and Life Cycle Cost (LCC). The findings show that applying CBA provides a holistic understanding of the economic, social, and environmental benefits associated with the project, while also helping to minimize risks and optimize long-term investment value. Therefore, CBA serves as an essential instrument for ensuring that housing development projects are implemented effectively, efficiently, and sustainably.

With the development of society, market competition becomes increasingly fierce, companieswant to achieve stable development and efficient profits, strengthen its internal managementand cost control are important measures to enhance the economic efficiency of enterprises. In business management and cost control, statistical work plays an important role, which cannot only reduce the operating costs in enterprise management, clarify receipts and disbursements of enterprise, while also has an important significance for improving enterprise management and cost control quality, and promoting the healthy development of enterprises. This study analyzes the development cost control situation of enterprise, the application of statistics in business management and cost control, and finally with examples to have detailed in-depth analysis of the statistical applications in business management and cost control, for reference.

The objectives of this study were to investigate and estimate the economic, social and ecological benefits of agricultural waste processing and to assess farmers’ perception on agricultural waste processing. This research was conducted in Kecamatan Tanjung Lago, Banyuasin, Sumatera Selatan. Survey data were collected from farmers selected using disproportionate stratified random sampling. The results showed that the economic benefits of agricultural waste processing were reducing production costs, increasing income of rice and maize farming, and improving the welfare of farmers. The social benefits were raising the nature of cooperation and triggering farmers to have broader knowledge by organizing associations to exchange the knowledge. Whereas, the ecological benefits were reducing air pollution caused by combustion of agricultural wastes, improving soil physical properties and restoring nutrients obtained from agricultural waste processing. The value of economic benefits estimated from agricultural waste processing to produce liquid bacterial fertilizer were 29.4% and 29.8% increase in income of rice farmers and maize farmers respectively. The overall score of perception of farmers applying agricultural waste processing was higher than those not applying.

The agricultural water-saving technologies and their application conditions are different in different regions with different natural conditions,so it is difficult and uncertain to evaluate the existing agricultural water-saving technologies.It has great significance to select reasonable evaluation indexes and build a more scientific and comprehensive model that will help to evaluate the agricultural water-saving technologies.According to field surveys and the Delphi method,this paper selected nine indexes from twenty evaluation indexes of agricultural water-saving technology.Water-saving rate,accumulated temperature and soil fertility are ecological factors;output/input,labor input and economy input are belong to economic factors,while the reliable of technical,technical level and the acceptance from farmers are the social factors.Based on these nine indexes,a comprehensive and systematic evaluation index system of agricultural water-saving technology was constructed,allowing avoiding information overlap.This paper proposed a full evaluation model(ARM) based on Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) and Rough Set,which introduced the experience factor to revise the indexes weight by AHP and Rough Set.Using AHP,Rough Set and ARM,the existing major agricultural water-saving technologies,such as plastic mulch,straw mulch and furrow irrigation technologies were evaluated in Wuwei City,in the Gansu province.In the evaluation of plastic mulch technology,AHP emphasized a very high economic benefit(0.44),while Rough Set was most important in ecological benefit(0.33) and social benefit(0.32),failing the economic benefits(0.05).ARM revised the evaluation results of those two methods,and obtained the economic,ecological and social benefits of plastic mulch technology,was 0.36,0.20 and 0.13 respectively.However,in the evaluation of straw mulch technology,there was a significant difference in the results by Rough Set,where ARM obtained the economic,ecological and social benefits was 0.09,0.18 and 0.06 respectively.In the evaluation of furrow irrigation technology,Rough Set emphasized the ecological benefit about 0.28.After the revision of the evaluation results of those two methods,ARM obtained the economic,ecological and social benefits,was 0.24,0.01 and 0.13 respectively.Generally,evaluation results of ARM showed that plastic mulch technology gave the best economic benefit.Moreover the ecological benefit of plastic mulch and straw mulch technologies were higher by 0.19 and 0.17 than furrow irrigation technology,and this might be mainly due to the fact that straw mulch technology could keep moisture,increase soil organic matter and adjust the ground temperature in the late growth stages of maize.In addition,it emerged that plastic mulch technology could save more water as well as improve the ground temperature at seedling stage.Compared with straw mulch technology,the social benefit by plastic mulch technology and furrow irrigation technology was higher by 112.12% and 18.18% respectively,which shows that those two technologies present a strong social character,in the semi-arid areas of He Xi region.Therefore,plastic mulch technology is likely to result the best agricultural water-saving technology in maize cropping,whereas straw mulch technology demonstrated a high ecological benefit but low economic benefit,which does not fit the conditions of the Northwest of China.Based on Rough Set and AHP,ARM combined the subjective knowledge with the objective factors,could effectively overcome the problem that many of the evaluation models determined the weight subjectivity,thus the evaluation results become more realistic,which provided a scientific and simple evaluation method of agricultural water-saving technology.

ABSTRACTPT Bank Danamon Indonesia, is one of the banks affected by the development of information technology and is the bank with the most employees shrinking among ten medium and large scale banks in Indonesia from 2015-2018. Along with the number of employee depreciation that occurred, the company's revenue and net profit actually increased. This research aims to find out the feasibility of IT/SI investments made in PT Bank Danamon Indonesia. The analysis was carried out using Cost Benefit Analysis calculations including Return On Invesment (ROI), Payback Period (PP), Net Present Value (NVP) and Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR). With a Return on Invesment yield of 1.32%, Payback Period of 0.43, Net Present Value of Rp. 18,826,196, and Benefit Cost Ratio of 9.21 which indicates that the investment has a good profitability with a return time of less than one year.Keywords: information technology investment, Cost Benefit Analysis, Return On Invesment, Payback Period, Net Present Value, Benefit Cost Ratio.ABSTRAKPT Bank Danamon Indonesia , merupakan salah satu bank yang terkena dampak dari perkembangan teknologi informasi dan merupakan bank dengan penyusutan jumlah karyawan paling banyak diantara sepuluh bank dengan skala menengah dan besar di Indonesia dari tahun 2015-2018. Bersamaan dengan jumlah penyusutan karyawan yang terjadi, pendapatan dan laba bersih perusahaan justru mengalami kenaikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan dari investasi TI/SI yang dilakukan pada PT Bank Danamon Indonesia. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan perhitungan Cost Benefit Analysis diantaranya Return On Invesment (ROI), Payback Period (PP), Net Present Value (NVP) dan Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR). Dengan hasil Return on Invesment sebesar 1.32%, Payback Period sebanyak 0.43, Net Present Value sebanyak Rp. 18.826.196 , dan Benefit Cost Ratio sebanyak 9.21 yang menandakan investasi memiliki profitabilitas yang cukup baik dengan waktu pengembalian yang kurang dari satu tahun.Kata kunci: investasi teknologi informasi,Cost Benefit Analysis, Return On Invesment , Payback Period , Net Present Value, Benefit Cost Ratio.

The U.S. Bioeconomy: Charting a Course for a Resilient and Competitive Future

This study investigates the spillover effects of mangrove ecosystems in Nansha District, Guangzhou, through a multi-dimensional analysis framework encompassing economic, social, and environmental benefits. Using a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative analysis (Simpson’s Diversity Index for biodiversity assessment, statistical analysis of water quality data) and qualitative evaluation (satisfaction surveys, policy document analysis), this research examines how mangrove ecosystems contribute to regional high-quality development. The findings reveal significant social benefits, including enhanced public science education and increased educational resource allocation, with a 100% overall satisfaction rate among surveyed residents and tourists (n=49). Economic benefits are demonstrated through employment stability in coastal communities and tourism development, while environmental analysis shows moderate biodiversity levels (Simpson’s Index = 0.75) in avian species. However, water quality monitoring data from 2021-2024 indicates limited improvement in water purification, suggesting complex interactions between mangrove ecosystems and local environmental factors. This research contributes to the growing body of literature on ecosystem services valuation and provides empirical evidence for policy-makers in coastal wetland management and sustainable urban development.

<p>Rural Iowa towns often lack flood mitigation because of a lack of resources and inability to compete for federal assistance funds. The Federal Emergency Management Agency relies on a benefit-cost analysis which produces benefit-cost ratios (BCRs) for proposed projects to determine which communities receive funding, with an emphasis on the economic BCR, which compares potential future benefits with estimated capital costs. The FEMA requirement for an economic BCR is at least 0.75. The economic BCRs for mitigation projects in rural towns are often lower compared to those in urban centers due lower potential future benefits from lower building count and potential exposure. Here we use a multijurisdictional approach which analyzes flood mitigation at a watershed scale to join upstream agricultural potential future benefits with downstream potential avoided benefits in rural towns. We predicted BCRs of simulated flood retention wetlands using HAZUS-MH to find the potential future benefits a range of estimated capital costs via a percent reduction approach and a targeted peak flow approach to calculating wetland effects on peak flow.</p> <p>The percent reduction approach generated BCRs of over 0.75 in the Mud Creek watershed for estimated capital costs per wetland up to $177,400. However, the simulated flood retention wetlands did not generate BCRs high enough to meet the minimum requirement in the Hinkle Creek watershed by itself. However, a multijurisdictional approach is not limited to each watershed individually. When the simulated flood retention wetland projects in each watershed were combined, the BCRs were high enough to meet the FEMA requirement. The combined BCRs were over 0.75 for estimated capital costs up to $143,300.</p> <p>The targeted peak flow approach included BCRs which account for dry and wet antecedent soil moisture conditions and minimum, maximum and average peak flow change scenarios. The scenarios with dry antecedent soil moisture conditions created BCRs higher than wet antecedent soil moisture conditions. Further, the maximum peak change scenarios generated BCRs higher than average peak change scenarios, which in turn generated higher BCRs than the minimum peak change scenarios. In the Mud Creek watershed, the only scenario to generate BCRs above 0.75 for any part of the range of estimated capital costs was the maximum peak change scenario under dry antecedent soil moisture conditions. However, the maximum and average peak change scenarios under dry antecedent soil moisture conditions and the maximum peak change scenario under wet soil moisture conditions generated BCRs over 0.75 in the Hinkle Creek watershed. When the simulated flood retention wetland projects for both watersheds were combined, only the maximum peak change scenario under dry antecedent soil moisture conditions generated BCRs above 0.75. We found that a multijurisdictional approach is a viable method for rural watersheds to analyze potential flood mitigation projects to help increase their BCRs.</p>

The economic and social benefits of the government-backed credit guarantee fund under the condition of an economic downturn

This study assessed the cost structure, profitability and determinants of post-harvest losses (PHL) across cassava value chain actors in Kogi State, Nigeria. Data were obtained from 194 respondents comprising farmers (78), processors (58), traders (39) and transporters (19). Descriptive statistics, enterprise budgeting, Kendall’s coefficient and a multinomial logit model were used to analyze the data in line with the stated objectives. Results showed that medium PHL levels (11–20%) dominated at 42.3%, while 27.3% of actors experienced high losses exceeding 20%. Delayed processing was the most reported cause of PHL (64.4%), followed by poor storage (49.5%) and mechanical damage (33.5%). Cost and profitability analysis indicated that farmers earned a net income of ₦240,100 with a benefit–cost ratio (BCR) of 1.48, while processors recorded ₦105,500 (BCR=1.46). Traders realized a modest net income of ₦16,000 (BCR=1.20), whereas transporters operated at a loss (–₦23,200, BCR=0.70) due to high operational and maintenance costs. The multinomial logit results showed that improved varieties significantly reduced the likelihood of high PHL (–0.981, p<0.01), while mechanized handling (–0.644, p < 0.05) and access to extension (–0.793, p<0.01) also had strong mitigating effects. Conversely, storage duration (0.487, p < 0.01), transport cost (0.00038, p<0.01) and distance to market (0.114, p<0.05) significantly increased loss severity. Kendall’s coefficient (W) (0.61, p<0.01) confirmed strong agreement on constraint ranking, with transportation cost, poor road network and high input prices most severe. The study therefore concludes that targeted investments in rural infrastructure, mechanization, improved storage systems and strengthened extension services are critical to reducing PHL and enhancing cassava value chain competitiveness in Kogi State, Nigeria.