Emergency radio communication network controller implemented in FPGA

3G wireless communication is the next version of mobile networks. Load balancing in networks causes efficient using of network resources. In this paper, we propose an efficient algorithm for load balancing of radio network controllers (RNCs) in radio access networks (RANs). As the characteristics of connections between RNCs and BTSs in a RAN are similar to those of graphs, we make use of graphs to solve our problem. The algorithm is based on the finding a path by which the RNCs could exchange their overloads. By using these paths the algorithm load balances the RNCs in an efficient and fast way. By testing our algorithm on networks with different topology and comparing the results, the efficiency and ability of our algorithm will be verified.

In a UMTS network, UTRAN (UMTS terrestrial radio access network) accounts for 70-80% of an operator's total expenditure on the network. Therefore, careful planning and optimization of UTRAN is vital for the success of any 3G operator. An integrated approach to cover different aspects of UTRAN planning and optimization is presented. The integrated approach consists of two parts: BS (base station) planning and optimization; RNS (radio network subsystem) planning and optimization. BS planning and optimization is divided into three phases - traffic analysis and preliminary system dimensioning, automatic coverage planning and optimization, and network performance evaluation and simulation. In the integrated approach, the three phases of BS planning and optimization are further broken down into six steps. RNS planning includes RNC (radio network controller) location and capacity planning and transmission planning and optimization. The integrated approach forms a basis to automate and optimize the complicated UTRAN planning and optimization process.

The collaborative deployment of multiple UAVs is a crucial issue in UAV-supported disaster emergency communication networks, as utilizing these UAVs as air base stations can greatly assist in restoring communication networks within disaster-stricken areas. In this paper, the problem of rapid deployment of randomly distributed UAVs in disaster scenarios is studied, and a distributed rapid deployment method for UAVs´ emergency communication network is proposed; this method can cover all target deployment points while maintaining connectivity and provide maximum area coverage for the emergency communication network. To reduce the deployment complexity, we decoupled the three-dimensional UAV deployment problem into two dimensions: vertical and horizontal. For this small-area deployment scenario, a small area UAVs deployment improved-Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (SAIBFGS) algorithm is proposed via improving the Iterative step size and search direction to solve the high computational complexity of the traditional Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) algorithm. In a large area deployment scenario, aiming at the problem of the premature convergence of the standard genetic algorithm (SGA), the large-area UAVs deployment elitist strategy genetic algorithm (LAESGA) is proposed through the improvement of selection, crossover, and mutation operations. The adaptation function of connectivity and coverage is solved by using SAIBFGS and LAESGA, respectively, in the horizontal dimension to obtain the optimal UAV two-dimensional deployment coordinates. Then, the transmitting power and height of the UAV base station are dynamically adjusted according to the channel characteristics and the discrete coefficients of the ground users to be rescued in different environments, which effectively improves the power consumption efficiency of the UAV base station and increases the usage time of the UAV base station, realizing the energy-saving deployment of the UAV base station. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified via data transmission rate simulation results in different environments.

Resource management is one of the vital aspects in 3G networks as it controls the system capacity to manage congestion. It becomes more complex when all subscribers have to communicate using shared spectrum of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and require flexible, higher bandwidth services. A key issue in delivering wireless services is the problem of congestion which has an adverse impact on the quality of service (QoS). To cope with QoS, there is a need of intelligent RNC (radio network controller) at BS (base station), which cooperates to adapt and retrieve information to manage the resources intelligently and reliably in a consistent manner. The proposed intelligent RNC react autonomously keeping in view the service level agreement (SLA), network environmental changes and collaboration with each other to share their knowledge. Distant index based retrieval and adaptation algorithms are proposed in this paper to handle unpredictable scenarios. These RNCs, as a result, accept, reject or buffer a connection request to manage resources to meet QoS requirement as defined in SLA. The evaluation shows that system congestion for high priority subscribers is significantly reduced at the cost of low priority subscribers in real time.

The rapid growth of wireless communication systems and devices has increased global energy consumption in wireless communication networks. Therefore, wireless communication technologies are advancing towards the development of fifth-generation wireless communication systems and beyond, i.e., towards the development of sixth-generation wireless communication systems. It is important that the energy efficiency of wireless communication systems considered a significant parameter along with data rate, delay and reliability. Green wireless communication systems aim to reduce the power consumption of wireless communication systems minimize carbon emissions and make wireless communication systems environmentally sustainable. This paper presents a comprehensive review of sustainable wireless communication systems and energy-efficient protocols for green wireless communication systems. This study discusses various architectural strategies such as energy-efficient base stations, heterogeneous and ultra-dense networks, cloud radio access networks, adaptive networks, renewable energy and their role enables wireless networks to modify their behavior according to the nature of the data and availability of resources. Further, the paper discusses the role of sustainable wireless protocols in all layers of wireless communication, where techniques like power control, duty cycle, energy-efficient routing and transport protocols are playing a significant role in removing the unnecessary communication and utilizing resources efficiently. It also discusses enabling technologies that can be utilized in energy-efficient network operation including energy harvesting, cognitive radio, artificial intelligence, edge computing and network virtualization. Moreover, some of the major challenges in energy-efficient wireless communication including decisions, complexity, security, cost, and regulatory issues, are addressed. This study provides an sustainable wireless communication can be achieved based on recent developments and existing research gaps in wireless communication particularly in future 5G and 6G networks.

Tother article first discusses the severe situation of the emergency communication requirements of the fire rescue team at the emergency rescue site, and then analyses the current situation and existing problems of the current fire emergency rescue communication network. In response to the problem, a fire emergency communication network based on a mixture of other organizations and self-organizations is proposed, and the network structure, construction method, networking process and network status change rules are elaborated in detail. Finally, the fire emergency communication network construction method constructed in tother paper is compared with the traditional emergency communication network construction method.

Communication networks play a fundamental role in the response to a massive catastrophe, like an earthquake or a large-scale terrorist attack to a major urban area. In such situations, command centres must be able to rely on a fully operational communication network, for example to learn about on-going situations and allocate and guide the rescue teams. Communication is bidirectional: once in the field, these teams will feed the command centre with a more accurate view of the situation, contributing to the efficient allocation of the resources. Failures in this network, even if localised to some of the regions affected by the catastrophe, can have costs both monetary and in human lives.In this position paper, we propose the creation of a redundant, best-effort, emergency communication network that could serve to mitigate localised failures using off-the-shelf widespread technology. We give an overview of an architecture for a backup network, highlight the possible advantage of such an architecture to disaster management and discuss challenges that need to be overcome in realising it.

Power control in wireless networks is useful for minimizing channel congestion (hence increasing network capacity). In this work, we show how the distributed power control algorithm with active link protection (DCP-ALP) can be used as a channel probing tool that allows a new link trying to access a channel to quickly and autonomously determine whether it can be admitted to it (i.e. whether there is a feasible power configuration for the transmitters such that the link quality requirements on all links are met), which significantly improves the capacity and access time of the network.

The design of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN) radio network controller (RNC) required the integration of hardware and software from multiple vendors and development organizations across a multinational project. The RNC architects, drawing on their experience with previous object-oriented projects, designed an abstract, distributed, object-oriented operations, administration, maintenance, and provisioning (OAM&P) system. A key component is the innovative data-driven fault management (FM) design. It is not just integrated with the devices being controlled; it is integrated into the entire system. FM data is a central project resource used to drive internal error and fault handling, operational state changes, external alarms, and generation of customer documentation. The design takes advantage of well-known commonality and variability design concepts for easy implementation and maintenance. The FM architecture makes the definition of an error, fault, alarm, and fault-handling behavior as simple as adding a row of data. © 2003 Lucent Technologies Inc.

A wireless communication network using an embedded microprocessor is a communication network method that uses radio waves to transmit the sound, text, pictures, data, and other information that the sender needs to transmit to the receiver through space and ground. With the rapid development of world science and technology, the application of radio communication network technology and international exchanges and cooperation have become increasingly active. In the era of radio communication networks, through radio communication English and radio communication English translation, we can receive real-time information about the development of radio communication technology. It can be seen that radio communication English plays an important role in promoting international radio technology exchanges and cooperation. Therefore, more and more researches on the structural features and translation skills of radio communication English have appeared in the academic circles. This article is aimed at studying the structural features and translation skills of English in the era of radio communication networks. The article first briefly introduces radio communication and then introduces the structural features of radio communication English, including lexical features and syntactic features. It also introduced two common radio communication spectrum detection algorithms. Finally, it explores the translation skills of radio communication English based on case analysis and provides some method reference for radio communication English translation.

In this paper, a few schemes are presented to improve the performance of aggressive packet combining scheme (APC). To combat error in computer / data communication networks, ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request) techniques are used. Several modifications to improve performance of ARQ are suggested by recent research and are found in literature. The important modifications are majority packet combining scheme (MjPC proposed by Wicker), packet combining scheme (PC proposed by Sindhu & Chakraborty), modified packet combining scheme(MPC proposed by Bhunia), and packet reversed packet combining(PRPC proposed by Bhunia) scheme. These modifications are appropriate for improving throughput of conventional ARQ protocols. Leung proposed an idea of APC for error control in wireless networks with basic objective of error control in uplink wireless data network. We suggest a few modifications of APC to improve its performance in terms of higher throughput, lower delay and higher error correction capability.

An ACO algorithm to design UMTS access network using divided and conquer technique

The problem of the universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) network assignment is divided into two assignment sub-problems: the assignment of a set of Nodes Bs to a set of radio network controllers (RNCs), and the assignment of those RNC concurrently to a set of Mobile Switching Centers (MSCs) and a set of Serving GPRS Support Nodes (SGSNs). The objective is to find an assignment that minimizes the cost of such implementation.

There is a strong trend towards wireless networked Real-Time Control Systems. However, a variety of factors such as the variability of wireless channel capacities, multi-path fading, and ambient interference make it extraordinarily difficult to design and implement Wireless Control Systems (WCSs). To attack the uncertainty in available communication resource in WCSs, this chapter presents an Adaptive Feedback Scheduling scheme that takes advantage of the methodology of cross-layer design. The proposed approach exchanges information across the physical layer and the application layer in the presence of noise interference and link transmission rate variations. The overall QoC is guaranteed through controlling the deadline miss ratio of control loops. Design parameters of the feedback scheduler are adapted to dynamic changes in wireless channel capacity. To further improve the feedback scheduling performance, an event-driven invocation mechanism for feedback schedulers is suggested. Simulation results demonstrate that this approach is efficient to deal with channel capacity variations and noise interference, thus providing an enabling technology for wireless control in dynamic environments. It is also argued that in this context event-driven invocation mechanism improves the performance of the feedback scheduling system.KeywordsSampling PeriodTransmission RateMedium Access ControlControl PerformanceMedium Access Control ProtocolThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

The article deals with the issues of interference and intelligence protection of radio communication means of the mobile component of the tactical command and control link in the conditions of active use of electronic warfare. The problems arising from the use of standard radio communication means that do not provide a sufficient level of protection against intentional interference and interception of signals by the enemy are analysed. The necessity of developing a scientific and methodological apparatus for adapting the radio networks of the National Guard of Ukraine to the conditions of active interference is substantiated. An analysis of modern radio communication equipment used in the military, including portable radios, satellite communication systems, tactical Wi-Fi solutions and software-based radio networks, is carried out. It is determined that the existing communication systems do not provide effective counteraction to enemy radio jammers, especially in direct contact. A new method of spatial interference rejection based on the optimal location and direction of antenna systems of ground-based transmitters and receivers of UHF/VHF and Wi-Fi radio signals is proposed. The proposed method takes into account the tactical situation, the territorial location of radio network nodes and allows to increase the interference immunity of radio channels by changing the characteristics of antenna systems. A mathematical model of interaction between the elements of the radio communication system and active radio masking means is substantiated, which allows determining the optimal parameters of antenna systems and radiation power. The threshold values of the suppression coefficient are determined, at which the required quality of signal reception is guaranteed under the conditions of targeted concentrated interference. The concept of a stable radio communication zone is expanded, in particular, the dependence of its area on the shape of the radiation pattern and the distance between the elements of the communication system is substantiated. For the first time, a comprehensive analysis of the combined effect of intentional interference and active radio jamming on the stability of radio channels is carried out, which allows a reasonable approach to planning radio communications in the conditions of electronic warfare. An algorithm for determining the area of stable exchange for the points of the operational map of combat operations is proposed, which allows to effectively plan the location of communication means and active radio masking means. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the possibility of applying the developed method in the creation of adaptive radio communication systems that take into account the real tactical situation, which can significantly increase the efficiency of troop management in the conditions of information influence of the enemy.