Emotional Intelligence and Suicide: Need to Expand Vision

Emotional Intelligence has become increasingly popular as a management tool for boosting performance at work. Despite this popularity, there is no sustained research in Zimbabwe that substantiates the efficacy of emotional intelligence especially within municipality environments. Using Goleman’s four clusters of emotional intelligence self-awareness, emotional intelligence self-management, emotional intelligence awareness of others and emotional intelligence management of others managers rated themselves high as compared to employee ratings. The results indicate that managers may be clueless as to employee perceptions of their behaviour. It is important that managers constantly get feedback from those they lead so that they improve their attitude and behaviour. Using purposive and stratified sampling techniques, 32 managers and 400 subordinates participated in the study. The instrument that measured Goleman’s emotional intelligence through self-rating was reliable with Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficients ranging from emotional self-awareness 0.846, emotional self-management 0.886, emotional awareness of others 0.939 and emotional intelligence management of others 0.960. The instrument used by employees to rate managers was also reliable with the Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficients ranging from emotional intelligence self-awareness 0.807, emotional intelligence self-management 0.834, emotional intelligence awareness of others 0.858 and emotional intelligence management of others 0.945. The hypothesis that self-rating and others’ rating can-not be same was validated.

Objective To explore the difference of risk factors to depression between different nationalities, the relationship of stressing life events, cognitive emotion regulation, and depression and suicide ideation were studied by correlate and regression analysis. Methods 126 patients with depression diagnosed by CCMD-III,55 minority nationality and 71 Han nationality patients,completed life events questionnaires,cognitive emotion regulation questionaire(CERQ) and HAMD. All the parameters be analyzed by SPSS 17.0, and correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis be employed to analyze the relationship between the parameters. Results Negative cognitive emotion, stressing life events and suicide ideation related positively to depression, while positive cognitive emotion related to depression negatively(r self-blame=0.599,r acceptance=0.527,r rumination=0.484,r catastrophizing=0.618,r LES=0.649,r suicide ideation=0.482,P<0.01;r positive refocusing=-0.476,r planning=-0.0254,r positive reapprasial=-0.363,r putting into perspective=-0.492,p<0.01);stressing life events and negative cognitive emotion and depression related positively to suicide i-deation(r LES=0.482.r self-blame=0.438,r acceptance=0.338,r rumination=0.378,r catastrophizing=0.457,r depression=0.724,p<0.01) , and positive cognitive emotion related negatively to it(r positive refocusing=-0.319,r putting into perspective=-0.326,p<0.01). The outcome of correlate analysis was similar in different nationalities. Stressing life events and catastrophizing and other-blame contributed more to depression than other factors in minority nationality group, and only the former two factors contributed to depression in Han nationality group. In both two groups, depression contributed more to suicide ideation than others. Conclusions Stressing rife events and negative cognitive emotion regulation have a significant effect on the development of depression, and the severity of depression is a critical factor to suicide ideation. There is no significant difference about above outcome between different nationalities. Key words: Different nationalities; Depression; Stressing life Events; Suicide Ideation

To date, research has indicated that suicide is a complex phenomenon which affects a significant number of people around the world. Various studies have suggested that there are more individuals who experience suicidal thoughts than those who attempt suicide and that there may be important distinctions between these two populations.\nDespite this, most of the research thus far has focused on individuals who are more likely to act upon their suicidal thoughts, which seems to have led to a gap in the literature regarding the experience of individuals who do not act upon their suicidal thoughts. Research has emphasised the importance of gaining further insights into people’s subjective experiences of this complex phenomenon in order to develop enhanced interventions for those who are affected by suicide or suicidal ideation. The current study therefore, explores the subjective experiences of people who have had suicidal ideation but not acted upon them. The study used semi-structured interviews and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to explore the experiences of six participants who had suicidal thoughts and did not act upon them. One of the key themes that emerged included a sense of conflict wherein participants felt constant despair and a desire to punish themselves, fuelling a desire to die. Participants also expressed feelings of belonging and being in connection with others. The latter feelings were described to be contributing to participants’ desire to live. An additional theme that emerged was participants’ need to make meaning of their suffering. This included participants taking control of some aspects of their lives, for example through seeking support and taking an active approach in their recovery. Participants also expressed the importance of finding a purpose and meaning in their lives, such as a goal or direction to work towards. The study discusses how its findings can contribute to the overall understanding of suicide and suggests some ways in which current interventions for people affected by suicidal ideation can be tailored to their needs.

Objective To explore the underlying mechanism of why the suicide rate in females is higher than in males in China. Methods A county-wide suicide reporting system was established in Shaan′xi Province,to monitor suicidal behaviors,including attempted and completed suicide.From Jan.1,2009 to Dec.31,2010,all patients over 10 years of age treated in 14 general hospitals in the county for suicidal behaviors or accidental self-harm were identified.For each identified cases,information including name,sex,age,specific characteristics of the self-harm (method,time,etc.) and outcome,was recorded on a standardized form by an interviewer.Death certifications provided by the county′s Center of Diseases Control (CDC) were used to identify all completed suicides (International Classification of Diseases,ICD codes X60-X84) occurred from Jan.1,2009 to Dec.31,2010. Results In the 2 years investigation periods,406 patients with suicidal behaviors were identified,in which 366 were suicide attempters.In the same two years,57 person in this county died by suicide.The annual attempted suicide rate in the county was 67.1 per 100 000 (366/545 339),and the ratio of attempted suicide rate of females (96.1/100 000,254/264 177) to males (39.5/100 000,111/281 162) was 2.44.The annual suicide rate was 10.5 per 100 000 (57/545 339).The rate of serious suicidal behavior was 77.6/100 000 (423/545 339),and the ratio of rates of serious suicidal behavior of females (107.5/100 000,284/264 177) to males (49.1/100 000,138/281 162) was 2.19.The ratio of annual rate of attempters to completes was 6.42∶1.Among all the 423 cases who committed suicidal behaviors,19.6% male cases (27/138) and 10.6% female cases (30/284) were died by suicide.Sixty-seven percent (244/366) attempters committed suicidal behaviors with pesticide. Conclusions The rate of serious suicidal behaviors is 2.19-fold higher in females than in males,but the fatality of suicidal behaviors is 1.85-fold higher in males than in females,which contribute to a higher suicide rates in females than males in China. Key words: Suicide,attempted; Suicide reporting system; Ratio of rates of attempted to completed suicide; Pesticides

Achievement of student learning outcomes and activities in learning is one of the things that can describe or is one of the benchmarks determining the quality of student learning. The emotional intelligence factor can affect the quality of learning. Therefore, the formulation of the problem in this study is how the description of the quality of mathematics learning of students is viewed from emotional intelligence on transformation material in SMA Negeri 2 Majene. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of the quality of mathematics learning of students in the classroom in terms of emotional intelligence on transformation material in SMA Negeri 2 Majene. This research is a type of qualitative research. The quality of student learning referred to in this study is the quality of student outcomes and activities. How to choose a subject that is by giving questionnaires to emotional intelligence to students then choose two students who have high emotional intelligence scores, two students with moderate emotional intelligence scores and two students with low emotional intelligence scores. The data collection method uses a combination of test, questionnaire and interview methods. Learning quality data obtained from quality test results and interviews of subject activities in the classroom. The results showed that the quality of the results of subjects with high emotional intelligence classified in the high and low categories, subjects with moderate emotional intelligence were both classified in the low category and subjects with low emotional intelligence classified in the medium and low categories, while for the quality of the process, the two subjects of emotional intelligence the first high and low emotional intelligence subject understands all indicators, whereas the second moderate emotional intelligence subject and the second low emotional intelligence subject do not meet all indicators

Background: Poisoning is one of the most common causes of reference to hospitalization in the Emergency wards of hospitals. Thus, studying and investigating the occurrence of death as the results of poisoning can have a significant role in decision making and improving vital standards to prevent or decrease its occurrence. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study all cases of suicides resulting in death referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital (intentional or accidental) during 4 years, 86 to 89 were studied. Information such as age, gender, year of death, residence, cause of death and type of poisoning was recorded. Results: Of 169 cases reviewed, 57% of cases committing suicide has been used poisoning materials. In 33 percent of cases, poison was the cause of death, 31 percent drugs were the cause of death and in 24 percent of cases toxic drugs were the cause of death. Among 95 cases, 69/5 cases were men. There was a statistically significant relationship between gender and cause of suicide. Among individuals committing suicide, 68 cases (71/6) were less than 35 years old and there was statistically meaningful relationship between age group and cause of suicide. Conclusion: As a lot of cases committing suicide are among individuals who referred to Poisoning Ward of hospitals and belong to low age group, paying too much attention to mental health of people and making appropriate decision to prevent poisoning (specially poisoning which leads to suicide) seems to be of great significance.

Background: Mentally ill patients are extremely at risk for suicide. Interpersonal need program which is the nursing intervention for mentally ill patients based on interpersonal theory of suicide was developed by the researchers to reduce suicidal ideation and suicidal attempt. The present study aimed to examine effects of the interpersonal need program on suicidal ideation and suicidal attempt in mentally ill patients. Methods: This study employed a pretest-posttest control group design. The participants were sixty-six people comprising of 33 mentally ill patients and 33 of their caregivers. The experimental group received the interpersonal need program whereas the control group obtained the usual care. The participants were assessed using Thai version of the scale for suicidal ideation (SSI-Thai version 2014) and the suicidal attempt record on the recruitment date and 14 days after discharge. Results: The experimental group significantly demonstrated more reduction of suicidal ideation (p < 0.01) than the control group. The study also found that there was no significant difference of suicidal attempt. Conclusion: The interpersonal need program demonstrates effects on reduction of suicidal ideation in mentally ill patients.

The objective of this study is to explore the personal and environmental causes of suicides in jails of an Italian region, by evaluating the extent of the phenomenon, in order to devise strategies for prevention. The examined documentation deals with all cases of suicide among detainees in the 14 prisons of the region Lazio between 01/01/2008 and 31/12/2014. The factors considered for evaluation concerns the are socio-demographics (age, gender, nationality) as well as legal aspects, prison characteristics (type of crime, judicial state) and method used for the suicide. The results show that the method to commit suicide in prisoners of Lazio is hanged. Suicides occur especially in Italian prisoners. Most prison inmates commit suicide less than one year before the end of the detention period. Since the majority of risk factors for suicide are present before the subject enters prison, it is not easy to observe and check the prisoners once they are in jail. The evaluation of the prisoners should be done during the phase when they first enter the jail and not after the intervening variables associated with the detention have had their effects. This suggests that further studies are necessary to better understand the phenomenon and evaluate the possibility to introduce effective preventive measures.

This study aims to compare students ’art learning outcomes through the application of accelerated learning strategies with expository learning strategies, emotional relationship intelligence with students’ learning outcomes of music art. This research is an experiment (experiment) and treatment (treatment). The study population was all students of SMA Negeri 2 and 3 Tebing Tinggi. The sample was determined by cluster random sampling technique. This study used a quasi-experimental research method. The results of the study are differences in the learning outcomes of students who learn with accelerated learning strategies both in groups of students who have high emotional intelligence and students who have low emotional intelligence. Higher learning outcomes for students who are taught the art of music with accelerated learning strategies from the expository. The high emotional intelligence learning outcomes taught with accelerated learning strategies were better than students who studied expository learning, while the learning outcomes of students who had low emotional intelligence who were taught with accelerated learning strategies were better than students taught expository learning strategies. These results indicate that the acceleration learning strategy is more effectively applied in students’ learning of the art of music in order to improve learning outcomes of high emotional intelligence. Keywords: expository learning strategies; music art; emotional intelligence

Objective To investigate the changes of brain activity in adolescents with first-episode major depressive disorder (MDD) and its significance. Methods Totally 42 first-episode MDD patients with suicidal ideation (SU group), 17 MDD patients without suicidal ideation (NSU group) and 29 healthy controls (HC group) were examined by psychological assessment and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The differences of brain functional activities between the three groups were compared by amplitude of low frequency fluctuation(ALFF). The relationship between the difference of zALFF value in brain regions and the severity of depression, intensity of suicidal ideation were further analyzed. Results The zALFF values in the left hippocampus(MNI: x=-21, y=-33, z=0) and left Frontal_Sup_Medial(MNI: x=3, y=33, z=63) of the three groups were significantly abnormal (P 20, uncorrected). The results of Post-hoc test showed that the zALFF value of left hippocampus increased significantly (F=28.931) and decreased significantly in left Frontal_Sup_Medial(F=16.648)in SU group , compared with NSU group and HC group(P 0.05). In SU group, the zALFF values of left hippocampus and left Frontal_Sup_Medial were not correlated with total scores of HAMD-24(r=-0.214, -0.103) and suicide ideation intensity factor scores(r=0.115, -0.055)(P>0.05). Conclusion Abnormal autonomic nervous activity exists in left hippocampus and left Frontal_Sup_Medial in adolescent MDD patients with suicidal ideation, which may be the neurological basis and biological index of suicidal ideation. Key words: Major depressive disorder; Suicidal ideation; Adolescents; Amplitude of low frequency fluctuation

Objective To explore the effect of security, self-acceptance, self-concept, internet addiction, anxiety, depression on the suicidal ideation of internet addiction patients. Methods The safety, self-acceptance, self-concept, internet addiction, anxiety and depression of 220 internet addiction patients were assessed using the corresponding scale tools.Suicidal ideation was used as the dependent variable, and each influencing factor was used as the independent variable.Correlation analysis, multiple stepwise regression analysis and path analysis were utilized to analyze the predisposing factors. Results The suicidal ideation (12.65±5.72 ) was positively correlated with internet addiction assessment (73.35±15.83), depression self-evaluation (56.33±13.75) and anxiety self-assessment (48.93±17.20 ) (r=0.250, 0.636, 0.531, P<0.01), while negatively correlated with security(50.26±12.33), self-acceptance (38.29±7.15), and self-concept(56.47±17.92)(r=-0.390, -0.297, -0.298, P<0.01). Sequentially depression (β=0.571, P<0.01), anxiety (β=0.173, P=0.003) were entered into the multiple regression equation.Path analysis based on the structural equation model showed that suicidal ideation had a direct effect with depression and anxiety, with effect values of 0.583 and 0.176.There were indirect effects of self-concept, self-acceptance, sense of security, and internet addiction assessment.The effect values were -0.137, -0.117, -0.281, and 0.034. The total effect of suicidal ideation and self-concept, self-acceptance, sense of security, internet addiction, depression self-assessment, and anxiety self-assessment were -0.137, -0.117, -0.281, 0.034, 0.583 and 0.176 respectively. Conclusions The influence of security, self-acceptance, and self-concept on suicidal ideation is produced through the mediating effects of depression and anxiety, and it has a negative predictive effect.There is no direct causal relationship between internet addiction and suicidal ideation. Key words: Internet addiction; Suicidal ideation; Sense of security; Self-acceptance; Self-concept; Depression; Anxiety; Susceptibility factors; Path analysis

Context: Research on emotional intelligence (EI) shows this concept's decades-long positive influence on well-being, self-efficacy, employability, and academic and professional achievement. Indeed, several studies have demonstrated that students with high EI have better grades and quality of life, as well as are more employable than students with low EI. By considering the two conceptualizations of EI as either an ability or personality trait, the present study investigates EI's influence on training achievement in initial vocational education and training (IVET). We posited that the two types of EI positively influence training achievement in a complementary way: Ability EI relates to achievement in theoretical training, while trait EI relates to achievement in practical training. Furthermore, these links are mediated by apprentices' engagement at school and in learning. Method: To test our hypotheses, 92 dual IVET health and social care apprentices in their last year of vocational school completed an online survey composed of validated scales measuring EI as an ability, EI as a personality trait, personality traits, and school engagement. The apprentices' grades were also obtained with their permission. Results: The findings confirmed our hypotheses and reflected EI's positive influence on training achievement. We observed that participants with high EI (as an ability and personality trait) obtained better grades than participants with lower EI. Moreover, our results showed that ability EI has a direct influence on achievement in theoretical health and social care training, while the link between trait EI and practical training is indirect and mediated by engagement in learning. Conclusion: The present study confirms EI's positive influence on school achievement in the VET context and further corroborates the important role that EI can play in dual IVET apprentices' achievement, particularly in the health and social sectors. This original study contributes to research on the VET system by placing EI among the skills necessary to ensure professional success.

IntroductionMental Health (MH) in the workplace profoundly influences employee well-being. Burnout, Emotional Exhaustion (EE), depersonalization and diminished personal accomplishment are prevaling concerns among healthcare professionals. Left unchecked these facets can impinge on professionals’ MH and productivity.ObjectivesThis study explores the relationship between Emotional Intelligence (EI) and burnout among staff at Mount Carmel Hospital by assessing the degree of EE, depersonalisation and personal accomplishment before and after the EI training.Methods121 participants from four hospital wards were recruited. An anonymized questionnaire assessed EI, burnout and demographics including the Schutte Self Report EI Test and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. EI training was provided by professionals from within the hospital service. Post-training measures were reassessed to determine the training’s impact on improving the constructs of occupational burnout.ResultsGender analysis revealed higher EI scores among females (125.4±11.2) compared to males (117.0±13.9, p=0.026). EE was significantly higher among Maltese staff (20.4±8.3) compared to EU (17.2±4.8) and third-country nationals (12.3±4.9, p=0.027). Longer ward tenure (11-25 years) correlated with higher EE (32.7±6.8) compared to <1 year (16.6±8.1) or 1-5 years (17.6±5.7, p=0.0087). Negative correlations between EI and depersonalization (r=-0.32, p<0.01) emerged, indicating higher EI is associated with lower levels of depersonalization. A significant positive correlation between EI and personal achievement (r=0.54, p<0.01) suggested that higher EI is associated with higher levels of personal achievement. No correlation was found between EI and EE. Phase two revealed a significant difference in post-training EI. Other measures showed no significance; suggesting that other corporate fundational aspects impinge on employee MH.The findings have important implications for MH professionals and organisations. The correlation between EI and burnout highlights the importance of promoting EI. Specific correlations need further testing, as the higher degree of EE in participants with higher scores of EI effects training development. Training programs focusing on EI should be incorporated into continous professional development. Significant variations in EE were observed among participants from different nationalities and those with varying years of experience in the ward; underscoring the importance of tailored interventions enhancing EI and mitigating burnout.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence for the correlation between EI and constructs of burnout among staff at Mount Carmel Hospital. Further corporational functional aspects potentially impact employees’ professionals outlook, perception and MH. Training programs aimed at enhancing EI can be used to reduce and mitigate burnout levels while improving well-being in the workplace.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

PARENTING PARENTS RELATIONSHIP WITH EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN AGES 3-5 YEARS IN THE VILLAGE SEMBUNG WEDI KLATEN Tri Purwaningsih 1 , Sumantri 2 , Titis Sensussiana 3 ABSTRACT Background : Parents have a way, its own pattern of raising, guiding children. Ways and patterns of parenting between the different families with other families. The success of a person contributed approximately 20% intellectual, remaining determined a person's ability to build relationships, self motivation and the ability to manage emotions. Objective : To determine the relationship of parenting parents with emotional intelligence management. Method : analytic observational study with cross-sectional design. The research was carried out on 2 to 30 May 2013. Population in the study of 159 parents and children. Purposive sampling technique with a number of 50 respondents Results : There was a significant relationship between the Parent Parenting with Emotional Intelligence Management of Children Aged 3-5 years. Where P = 0.009 (p < 0.05) where x 2 = 13.439. Parents who apply authoritative parenting good emotional intelligence, emotional intelligence is quite authoritarian, permissive while good emotional intelligence. Conclusion : There is a parenting parents relationships with intelligence emotional management of children aged 3-5 years. Keywords : Patterns of parenting, management emotional intelligence of children

Suicide in South Korea, considered a serious social issue, has been investigated by a number of scholars in multidisciplinary fields. However, suicide continues to be framed and focused only on limited aspects, such as having an individual-level focus on problems they face in only biomedical and psychiatric factors or only macro-level social contextual factors. Those one-sided approaches contain flaws from paying little attention, which results in an incomprehensive understanding of suicide occurring in society. This dissertation has three primary aims to examine: (1) major influential factors of suicide rates in South Korea counties from 2005–2013, (2) gender, age group-specific influential factors of suicide rate of South Korea in 2005 and 2010, and (3) individual level inequality of suicidal ideation in South Korea from 2007–2017 controlling province level regional predictors. County-level suicide rates were lower in the counties with higher population density and crude birth rate. In contrast, counties with higher crude divorce rates had higher expected suicide rates. For age group- and gender-specific suicide rates, all age groups had higher suicide rates in 2010 than 2005 after holding all other variables constant. Especially for the elderly suicide rate, counties with a higher proportion of the elderly were associated with a lower suicide rate, indicating the social network effect. The risk of suicidal ideation was higher for females, older age groups, lower-income, unemployed, not currently married, negative health status (stressed, bad health, depression without care).