Energy-efficient hybrid node localisation underwater wireless sensor network scheme

Abstract

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The underwater network consists of a huge number of sensor nodes deployed sparsely and interconnected with each node to gather information about the ocean. The method by which the location of deployed sensor node is determined is called node localisation. But it is difficult to achieve the exact location coordinates of underwater sensor nodes. There are several localisation algorithms for terrestrial networks but they are not feasible for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN) because of the harsh environment of the ocean. In this paper, various UWSN localisation schemes are classified on the basis of range. Also, a hybrid model of node localisation is also suggested for better output and real-time detection of node positions. Here, various underwater localisation schemes are reviewed and compared to the existing schemes. This comparison is based on NS2 simulator parameters to showcase better performance out of existing UWSN localisation techniques. Further, this paper examined similar survey papers to identify subtopics that have not been reviewed till now. On behalf of reported research gaps from the literature study, an improved node localisation scheme for mobile UWSN to explore the ocean is proposed that will perform better in terms of delay, error, cost, and energy consumption for localisation.