Energy implications of integrated solid waste management systems. Final report

Comparative LCAs for Curbside Recycling Versus Either Landfilling or Incineration with Energy Recovery (12 pp)

The municipal solid waste management reform plays a significant role in improvement of the country's ecology and contributes greatly to the country's economics by recycling waste and recovering recycled resources. The most important condition of the implementation of the reform is separated collection of the waste and the opportunity to recycle all the suitable waste. The author presents a list of basic legal acts which regulate the municipal solid waste management process and points out provisions related to the requirements and conditions for separate collection of waste. The study conducted proves that it is advisable for the population of the country to fulfil the conditions for the separate collection of municipal solid waste. The relevance of the study is backed by the data on the existing landfill areas in Russia and Moscow, their annual growth rate, and unfavorable situation regarding the collection of municipal solid waste in the regions of Russia. This includes large volumes of solid household waste produced and an extremely insignificant share of recyclable solid municipal waste in it in relation to its total volumes. The author gives recommendations on how to improve the municipal solid waste management which will make it possible to recycle the suitable waste, bring it back into the country's economy and, thus, move towards the circular economy.

The continued migration of people from rural to urban areas occurs due to the development of people. The uncontrolled growth in urban areas has left many cities deficient in infrastructural services such as water supply, sewerage, and municipal solid waste management. Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) is a challenging problem in urban areas. This paper details about the waste collection system, present status of waste processing and Greenhouse gas emission of solid waste in Erode Corporation. A detailed investigation was made regarding the methods of practices associated with sources, generating quantity, collection, transportation, storage, treatment, and disposal of municipal solid waste in Erode city. The data concerning solid waste were obtained through an individual field visit, interacting with people and authentic records of the municipal corporation of Erode District. The carbon footprint of solid waste has been calculated by using theoretical and experimental method. Finally, based on the analysis, proper and more reliable suggestion has been attained for the suitable and sustainable performance of the M unicipal Solid Waste Management in Erode Corporation.

Objective: Objectives of the present study are to assess the Efficacy of knowledge, attitude and practices of households on municipal solid waste management and to find out the environmental factors associated with health due to solid waste management which influence to health and major existing problems due to poor solid waste management system in Karachi.Methodology: In order to assess the Efficacy of knowledge, attitude and practices of households on municipal solid waste management in Karachi, present study randomly recruited 180 respondents from the five towns of two districts of Karachi. A house hold survey was conducted and 36 households were recruited from each town through stratified random sampling technique. Well-structured questionnaire was used for the data collection by using likert scale. SPSS version 22 was used for data analysis.Results: The results of the present supports that some existing practices of household, unavailability of municipal containers, unavailability of solid waste collection services, less utilization of containers and insufficient knowledge of about recycling or reuse of solid waste are responsible for adverse condition of solid waste management system in Karachi. Suggestion: Present study suggests that more consolidated strategy for solid waste management needs to be designed and implemented which streamlines the process of waste collection and disposal. Municipalities should also invest in recycling plant, so that all the recyclable material could be collected and processed at one place. Households must be educated and should be given right information of dumping the solid waste. Solid waste management laws should be implemented and citizen should be aware about the penalties.

The effective management of municipal solid waste is a critical global issue, affecting both urban and rural areas. To address the growing volume of solid waste, proactive planning is essential. Traditionally, solid waste is often disposed of without segregation, preventing recycling and the recovery of raw materials. Proper waste segregation is a fundamental requirement for effective solid waste management, allowing materials to be recycled efficiently. Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and the Internet of Things (IoT) offer powerful tools for identifying recyclable materials like glass, plastic, and metal within solid waste. The primary goal of this research is to contribute to a cleaner environment, reduce infant mortality, improve maternal health, and support efforts to combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases. This study introduces an intelligent and smart solid waste management system (iSSWMs) designed to smartly collect and segregate solid waste. The proposed system focuses on three types of materials: plastic, glass, and metal. The first phase involves waste collection using smart bins connected to a mobile application, which sends notifications when the bins are full. In the second phase, we develop a deep learning-based mechanical model to segregate the waste, using the VGG-19 model, which achieved a performance accuracy of 99.7% during training. To the best of our knowledge, iSSWMs is a promising framework that integrates both waste collection and segregation through the use of cutting-edge technologies, delivering high accuracy and efficiency.

As rapid urbanization continues to take place, with a projected 68% of the world’s population expected to live in cities by 2050 according to the UN, waste management in proximity to human settlements poses problematic. Although waste generation and failure of its management is seen as a huge problem in developing cities, wealthier cities generate more waste than less affluent cities, and thus waste management is a crucial issue in developed as well as developing cities for obvious ecological reasons and for sustainability. However, while collection of waste by high GDP cities is more frequent than collection in low GDP cities, it does not imply that the issue of waste management has been resolved. A significant portion of the world still dumps its waste in landfills. Furthermore, it is projected that by 2025, lower middle-income groups will produce the most amounts of waste, while high-income groups are expected to generate the second largest amount of waste. Accordingly, it is important to understand methods of collection and disposal of solid waste carried out by cites varying in GDP and HDI to combat the issue of waste management through landfills for the purpose of creating a sustainable future. This paper is a study of existing waste management methods implemented by the governing bodies of selected cities and progress towards future policies that these governing bodies have laid out. Comparisons of existing problems faced by each city, collection methods and coverage, recycle coverage and rates, unique waste management approaches, and plans to tackle waste are carried out. The analysis can thus serve as a reference for emerging cities lacking resources that can adapt strategies described, as well as for established cities that can easily adopt certain measures to safeguard their respective ecologies and take steps towards sustainability.

Managing municipal solid waste is a pervasive urban problem globally. While several strategies have been applied for efficient municipal solid waste management in developing economies, their performance level has not been critically investigated. Among these strategies, the public private partnership has widest appeal. This study examines the performance of public private partnership in household solid waste collection in Lagos, Nigeria. We collected primary data using a municipal solid waste survey in three residential density areas of Lagos megacity. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. Two indexes of service performance, namely the service reliability index and operational quality index, were created to produce evidence on public private partnership performance in municipal solid waste collection in Lagos. Results show that the average amount of household solid waste generation per week ranges between 22.75 kg in the medium residential density area and 30.39 kg in the high residential density region of the city. The estimated per capita waste generated in Lagos Megacity is 0.95 kg day(-1). Regression models indicate that the public private partnership performance is significantly influenced by economic status, affordability, flexibility, consistency, cleanliness, coverage and accessibility, as well as number of waste collection vehicles, vehicle maintenance, capacity, trip rate, frequency, number of personnel and quality of personnel. Findings from this study reveal that Lagos residents have strong positive perception of public private partnership as a waste collection policy framework. The study has important policy and practical implications for urban waste management, public health and sustainability in developing economies.

Inadequate municipal solid waste (MSW) management has become a pressing concern, resulting in significant environmental contamination, particularly in developing countries. Composting has demonstrated its practicality and feasibility for addressing this issue; however, the lack of at-source solid waste separation remains a major challenge. As a result, in this study, the first sustainable MSW separation at source was conducted in Tan An City, Long An Province. The objective of this study was to evaluate the compost process and quality using Tan An City’s separated biodegradable organic solid waste as the raw material, through a windrow composting process with active aeration. Biodegradable organic waste, slow-biodegradable organic waste and plastic waste accounted for 84.5%, 15.1% and 0.4%, respectively, of the total waste. The pH, moisture, volatile solid percentage, total nitrogen, total organic carbon and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of the separated solid waste were 8.7 ± 0.4, 76.8 ± 1.9%, 68.3 ± 1.3%, 2.1 ± 0.1%, 35.7 ± 2.2% and 17 ± 0.8, respectively. Rice straw was mixed with solid waste as a bulking material in a 31%:69% ratio to achieve a moisture content of 55% in the mixture. After 10 weeks, an evaluation of the compost’s quality revealed its potential suitability for agricultural applications. Notably, Salmonella was not detected in the compost, and the heavy metal levels were below standard limits, indicating the safety of the compost. To ensure optimal nutrient levels for effective plant growth, a slight nitrogen and phosphorus supplement was recommended. Aligned with the C/N ratio of 12.1 and a consistent temperature of approximately 29 °C, this indicates a high degree of maturity and stability in the composting process. The framework of this study demonstrates the effectiveness of at-source MSW separation in paving a sustainable path for MSW management.

A detailed study of the ongoing situation shows that the solid waste management in Kabul is not appropriate and a set of challenges exists in a different part of the system, local people have more concern with solid waste, but from another side, they devote less attention to them. Most of them do not have knowledge about the impact of hazardous waste and how to separate and recyclable. Management of municipal solid waste in Kabul has travailed neglect from government and the general public. These negligence lead to several health issues such as direct injuries from a contaminated sharp object, water contamination by excreta and effect of heavy metal components of municipal solid waste as well as flood resulting from drain occlusion. All these flowers in the possibilities for the transition of food and waterborne zoonozes, and the emergence and re-emergence of new zoonozes. To ensure environmental protection and opportunity to the public health, more effort is required by the government, environmental agencies, and the general public. The whole system needs a behavioral change from the public site and better waste management practice on the local government side. Solid waste management practices are not adequate and show very common constraint in collection, management, and disposal of solid waste. The problem such as access to the proper facilities lack of treatment program lack of infrastructure planning and technical leadership and lack of knowledge. These efforts should be geared toward public enlightenment and enforcement of policies and legislation on sanitation, improvement of founding, development of recycling, and landfill to improve the standard solid waste management in Kabul.

ABSTRACTThe problem of municipal solid waste has remained intractable in Nigeria despite the state’s central role in municipal solid waste management (MSWM). Policy and reforms of the MSWM system have invariably excluded the informal economy, with this exclusion frequently reinforced by uncritical implementation of neo-liberal development policies. Yet, the informal economy fortuitously remains active in solid waste collection, recycling, and disposal. This article is the aggregate outcome of an 8-year multi-stakeholder engagement in MSWM in Nigerian cities. It draws on insights from first-hand qualitative engagement with informal waste workers, interviews with key stakeholders, policy documents, and relevant literature to situate the Nigerian informal waste economy within current international development discourse. While highlighting the implications of social acceptance and inclusion of the waste economy in post-2015 MSWM and development policy, the study notes the lack of an articulate policy on MSWM in Nigeria and canvasses a specific policy to integrate the ubiquitous informal waste economy in MSWM. The paper suggests that inclusion per sé is central to the sustainable development goals (SDGs), and argues that an inclusive MSWM policy in Nigeria is desirable as it maps onto the SDGs which aim to improve lives in the post-2015 development era.

PurposeWith rapid industrialization and urbanization, municipal solid waste (MSW) management has become a serious challenge worldwide, especially in developing countries. The Beijing Municipality is a representative example of many local governments in China that are facing MSW management issues. Although there have been studies in the area of MSW management in the literature, less attention has been devoted to developing a structured framework that identifies and interprets the barriers to MSW management in megacities, especially in Beijing. Therefore, this study focuses on identifying a comprehensive list of barriers affecting the successful implementation of MSW management in Beijing.Design/methodology/approachThrough an extensive review of related literature, 12 barriers are identified and classified into five categories: government, waste, knowledge dissemination, MSW management process and market. Using an integrated approach including the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL), maximum mean de-entropy algorithm (MMDE) and interpretive structural modeling (ISM), a conceptual structural model of MSW implementation barriers is constructed to provide insights for industrial decision-makers and policymakers.FindingsThe results show that a lack of economic support from the government, imperfect MSW-related laws and regulations, the low education of residents and the lack of publicity of waste recycling knowledge are the main barriers to MSW management in Beijing. Combined with expert opinions, the paper provides suggestions and guidance to municipal authorities and industry practitioners to guide the successful implementation of MSW management.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study can provide a reference for MSW management in other metropolises in China and other developing countries.Originality/valueThis study proposes a hybrid DEMATEL-MMDE-ISM approach to resolve the subjectivity issues of the traditional ISM approach and it analyzes the barriers that hinder MSW management practices in Beijing.

The proximity principle - disposing of waste close to its origin - has been a central value in municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Japan for the last 30 years and its widespread adoption has helped resolve numerous "Not in My Backyard" issues related to MSW management. However, MSW management costs have soared, in large part because of aggressive recycling efforts and because most MSW is incinerated in a country that has scarce landfill capacity. In addition, smaller, less sophisticated incinerators have been closed because of high dioxin emissions. Rising costs combined with the closure of smaller incinerators have shifted MSW management policy toward regionalization, which is the sharing of waste management facilities across municipalities. Despite the increased use of regionalized MSW facilities, the proximity principle remains the central value in Japanese MSW management. Municipal solid waste management has become increasingly regionalized in the United States, too, but different driving forces are at work in these two countries. The transition to regionalized MSW management in Japan results from strong governmental control at all levels, with the central government providing funds and policy direction and prefectures and municipalities being the primary implementing authorities. By contrast, market forces are a much stronger force with US MSW management, where local governments - with state government oversight - have primary responsibility for MSW management. We describe recent changes in Japan's MSW programs. We examine the connections between MSW facility regionalization, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, the proximity principle, coordination among local governments, central government control, and financing mechanisms.

Learning outcomes The case helps to introduce some of the elements of strategic management process, which are vital for competitive advantage, particularly for the public utility services such as MSWM. It intends to achieve the following objectives: analyse the external environment for MSWM industry in India; analyse the internal organizational environment for a firm’s strategic competitiveness; introduce the concept of value and value chain understand the role of Stakeholder groups; understand the concept of public–private partnerships (PPP); and understand the role of technology in sustaining a competitive advantages. Case overview/synopsis This case focuses on entrepreneurial venture of Gaurav Sharma and his team who intend to transform the landscape of Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) industry in the country. THANKYOU (letsthankyou.com) is a Jaipur, India-based enterprise offering waste management solutions across different verticals. It was founded in 2016, following an opportunity in the waste management industry unleashed by the Government of India’s (GOI) new MSWM 2016 rules making it mandatory for the waste generators to manage (segregate, process, transport and disposal) their own waste. After initial examination of MSWM service scenario in the country, Gaurav and his two team members realize that a lack of integration among the multiple entities of waste management value chain is the root cause of the current poor state of affairs. So, they come up with an online marketplace, which offers a one-stop solution for the waste management of general households, residential settings and corporate. With initial projects implemented in the decentralized mode offering unit-level services such as door-to-door waste collection, on-demand waste pick-up and waste audits for corporate, the company has eventually got an opportunity of working on a centralized MSWM project for a leading hotel. Indeed, the company has the first mover advantage of entering the government controlled MSWM industry. However, to move forward, the THANKYOU team must address some fundamental issues in the industry: How to integrate the informal and formal sectors involved in waste management to achieve economies of scale? How to make land-filling the least preferred option of waste management? How to use technology to enhance the efficiency of MSWM value chain? Complexity academic level The case can add value to a course on strategic management at the post-graduate level. It highlights the role of external and internal environment analyses in the formulation of business strategy, ultimately leading to a firm’s strategic competitiveness. In a strategic management course, the case can be used to discuss introductory topics such as the analysis of internal and external environment; value creation by leveraging internal resources and capabilities; analysis of a firm’s dependence on its stakeholder groups; ascertainment of the profitability driver for a firm’s business model; and the concept of PPP. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy

It is annually produced 400 thousand tons of solid waste in the city of Rostov-on-Don, which is taken for disposal to landfill at the Northwest industrial area of the city. Nearly 60 tons of waste enters Rostov Material Recovery Facility every year for the sorting, extracting commercially attractive factions, pressing, briquetting and subsequent transportation of residue tail to the landfill. However, the percentage of recycling in Rostov (10%) remains low, as a result of the shortcomings of the system. Recently, the Administration of Rostov-on-Don has produced a development strategy of integrated municipal solid waste management to create a new system of waste management in Rostov-on-Don. The strategy focuses mainly at Resource efficiency, which is a blend of good infrastructure, collection and design, with a dash of innovation and a strong policy framework to back it up. For the successful implementation of the strategy it is necessary to introduce an integrated system of municipal solid waste management using GIS. The methodology of integrated system with using GIS was developed by specialists of City Planning and Community Development Department of the Rostov State University of Civil Engineering. It includes implementation of collection and storage of waste and environmental data along with vehicles navigation system through ArcGIS ESRI software. It helps to facilitate collection operations, to analyze optimal locations for transfer stations, to plan routes for vehicles transporting waste from residential, commercial and industrial customers to transfer stations and from transfer stations to landfills, to calculate amount of waste collection sites in accordance with the population density and volume of bins, to locate new landfills and to monitor the landfill. GIS is a tool that also provides a digital data bank for optimization of waste collection sites allocation according with implementation of General City Plan. The territory of Rostov-on-Don has been chosen for case study. GIS allowed to make situational (operational) decisions for implementing the strategic approach to the municipal solid waste management plan of the city and supported innovative accompaniment of the process of development and implementation of priority national projects, targeted programs of ecological reconstruction and strategic plans of socio-economic development of municipalities.

In recent years, the topic of the effects of improper municipal solid waste management on health has gained worldwide concern. Due to a lack of funding and resources, this problem is seen to be more prevalent in developing nations than in developed nations. It has been demonstrated that solid waste creation, segregation procedures, storage facilities, collection schedules, and disposal techniques are not viable in developing nations. In these nations, open burning and careless dumping are frequent occurrences. Waste that is burned or dumped in the open poses’ major health and environmental hazards. They have resulted in serious contamination of the air, water, and land. Pollution from municipal solid waste raises disease morbidity and death. Hazardous wastes that are not managed pose a risk to human health. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate how poor municipal solid waste management affects the health strategy in Ara Municipal Corporation, Bihar. Regression analysis has been used to examine the relationship between the generation of solid waste and diseases. To determine how these factors affect human health, the study has included the generation and disposal of solid waste as independent variables and associated diseases as dependent variables. The research shows that poor waste management is strongly associated with negative health impacts, and diseases are strongly associated with the negative effects of solid waste generation and disposal. For waste management efforts and related research, it involves strengthening sectoral integration, stepping up advocacy, and obtaining funding. To fully comprehend how poor solid waste management affects human health strategy in Ara city, more study is essential.