Energy performance assessment in a fluid milk processing plant

A conceptual efficient design of energy recovery systems using a new energy-area key parameter

Enhancement of efficiency for steam cycle of thermal power plants using process integration

Heat Exchanger Network Design Considering Inherent Safety

Supercritical Water Gasification is an efficient technology in converting wet biomass into H2 and CH4 in comparison to other conventional thermochemical processes. Coke deposition, however, remains as a major challenge in this technology. Coke formation is the result of polymerization reactions that take place at sub-critical conditions. Directly injecting the relatively unheated wet biomass feed into supercritical water increases the heating rate and reduces the residence time of the feed in the sub-critical condition. This leads to a minimized coke formation in the process. However, a non-isothermal mixing takes place during this direct injection that is less energy-efficient. In addition, the biomass feedstream experiences less pre-heating that means less heat recovery from the product gas. These two aspects might reduce the overall process performance. Parametric studies of key operating parameters, such as operating temperature, dry matter content, bypass water ratio and heat exchanger effectiveness, are carried out to investigate the influence of direct injection to the thermal efficiency of the system. Subsequently, optimization using pinch analysis is conducted to the system with direct injection. Finally, an operating window for optimum performance of the optimized direct injection gasification system is proposed.

Chapter 16 - Simulation and Analysis of Heat Exchanger Networks With Aspen Energy Analyzer

Three-step modification and optimization of Kalina power-cooling cogeneration based on energy, pinch, and economics analyses

Hydrogenation technology has many advantages in light and clean oil products, and has become the most reasonable and effective key technology in the refining industry. However, the hydrogenation reaction process is high temperature, high pressure and hydrogen operation, which consumes a lot of fuel and power, and the energy consumption of the unit is high. Through pinch analysis, the violators of pinch points are identified, and the heat exchange process of the existing hydrogenation unit is optimized and adjusted. Reasonably distribute the heat exchange load of mixed hydrogen oil and low-content oil, improve the final heat exchange temperature of mixed hydrogen oil, reduce the heating load and fuel consumption of heating furnace, strengthen the recovery of inefficient low-temperature potential heat, advance to the design of maximum energy recovery (MER), realize the optimization of cold utility and hot utility, and effectively reduce the energy consumption of hydrogenation unit after optimization. The optimization of heat exchange network of hydrogenation unit significantly improves economic and social benefits.

In this chapter, a new methodology for heat exchanger networks synthesis, extending traditional pinch technology to include exergy-destruction cost, is described and employed for practical applications. In the proposed approach, the cost rate of exergy destruction substitutes the utility cost in a trade-off between the operating and capital costs in the conventional pinch analysis to determine the optimum minimum approach temperature, ΔT min, in the energy assessment of heat exchanger networks (HENs). It is demonstrated that the balanced composite curves can be used directly in the calculation of the exergy destruction, heat recovery, and heat-transfer area for a specified minimum approach temperature. Moreover, it is showed that the grand composite curve can be utilized for determination of the optimal external utility allocation. The inclusion of thermal exergy destruction into pinch analysis decreases the optimum value of network ΔT min, due to increase in the system operating costs by considering both the external utility requirements and internal exergy destruction. The results of this assessment provide a better and more realistic utilization of external utilities considers the required capital investment. Two case studies are presented to show how to apply the proposed methodology effectively and practically. Case studies are analyzed using Aspen energy analyzer software.

Mitsubishi Chemical, Taiyo Nippon Sanso team up to market zeolite membranes for bioethanol production in the US

Energy Integrated Distillation Column Sequence by Driving Force Method and Pinch Analysis

Chapter 10 Pinch point analysis

SummaryWe report the working of a novel detector design based on a Bessel Box (BB) electron energy analyser in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). We demonstrate the application of our detector for elemental identification through Auger electron detection in an SEM environment and its potential as a complementary technique to energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy. We also demonstrate energy‐filtered secondary electron imaging of a copper‐on‐silicon sample using an electron pass energy of 12 eV.Lay DescriptionAdvancements in the field of the Scanning Electron Microscopy have been one of the major nanotechnology enablers. A Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) generates a magnified image of the sample by bombarding it with an electron beam and detecting the electrons that scatter off the surface along with the electrons that are generated in the sample. Conventional detectors such as the Everhart‐Thornley detector (ET) or through‐the‐lens (TTL) detectors, either offer little to no energy analysis (ET) or limited energy filtering capability (e.g the low‐pass energy filter in TTL). This information is crucial to interpret the image of the sample under study. What is needed is a smart and compact detector that can detect electrons and furnish energy inside the SEM chamber. Here, we report a novel secondary electron (SE) detector design with energy analysis capability for use in scanning electron microscopes. The detector is based on the design of a Bessel Box (BB) energy analyser. We have designed and experimentally tested it in an SEM environment. The band‐pass filter action of the detector enables the BB to be operated at a selected energy and allows a narrow window of energies to be detected for generating energy‐filtered images.

Energy and exergy analyses of an ethanol-fueled solid oxide fuel cell for a trigeneration system

Heat integration techniques are now widely used for energy saving in petroleum processes. In this paper, an industrial hydrocracking process (UOP license) is retrofitted by pinch analysis as a significant tool for heat integration. The hydrocracking process is a main important conversion process in oil refineries and there has been sustained effort to improve its energy efficiency. Application of pinch analysis in retrofit of this process shows the heat exchanger network is operated efficiently. However, a large amount of energy is wasted from the hydrocracking unit, which their condition make no of use directly by the process during pinch analysis. Actually, most of the refining petroleum processes use considerably more energy than the operational minimum energy requirements because of their energy losses. These external energy losses are due to many factors, including normally inefficient or outdated equipment and process design, inadequate heat recovery, and poor integration of heat sources and sinks. However, without identifying the quality of the energy losses, it is difficult to determine how much of that energy is feasible to recover under realistic plant operating conditions. This is where exergy analysis can significantly assist in determining energy recovery opportunities. Thus, this paper is addressed to researchers who are assessing the quality of energy wasted in hydrocracking process, by using the principles of both pinch and exergy analysis. Based on the result obtained, the flue gas exhaust and the high pressure drop in reaction section can be considered as the exergy loss sources in this process. Moreover, the portion of waste energy that can be practically recovered is quantified.

Heat recovery optimization in a steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) plant