Energy

Energy Conservation Strategy Research for Residential Building Refurbishment in Urban area of China

Seismic albedo from the total seismic energy dependence on hypocentral distance in southern California

The acoustic emissions from laser lap welds in stainless steel sheet were recorded and analyzed. The acoustic signals emanating from the weld were sensed with an instrument microphone and analyzed using short time Fourier spectra to characterize their time-frequency distributions. It was determined that the acoustic spectrum of good quality, full penetration could be differentiated from the spectra of poor quality welds, defined as either partial penetration welds or welds having a gap between the sheets being joined. A simple classifier based on total energy in the frequency band from 1 KHz to 2 KHz correctly discriminated full penetration from partial penetration over 90 percent of the time on average. Partial penetration welds had less energy in this range than did full penetration welds. A slightly more sophisticated approach incorporating time-averaging was found to be capable of predicting penetration with reliability approaching 100 percent. A classifier based on total signal energy was shown in preliminary trials to be capable of recognizing gapped lap welds from non-gapped lap welds.

Energy, protein, lactose and fat were studied in the milk of mothers who were using different types of contraceptives. One hundred and eleven mothers made up the following groups. C: control (barrier and natural methods, or sterilization), n = 22; combined pill: LDP (low dose pill (levonorgestrel 0.15 mg + ethinylestradiol 0.03 mg)), n = 12 and MDP (medium dose pill (levonorgestrel 0.25 mg + ethinylestradiol 0.05 mg)), n = 13; MP (minipill (norethindrone 0.35 mg)), n = 37; DMPA (injectable progesterone (depot medroxiprogesterone acetate 150 mg)), n = 17; and IUD (plastic or copper intrauterine device), n = 10. The mean stages of lactation were, respectively, 15, 17, 5, 9, 5 and 9 weeks. The mean duration of observation for the study groups ranged from 2 to 4 weeks. Milk samples were collected before and after initiation of treatment (mean = 20 days; range = 14-103 days). The stage of lactation and the interval of nursing before sampling were recorded so that statistical account could be taken of these uncontrollable sources of variability. When incorporated as covariates, they showed that no significant differences existed between the groups tested, either before or after treatment.

The primitive variable formulation of the moist hydrostatic equations conserves mass and moist total energy due to the property that the divergence and gradient operators are adjoints. Any compatible numerical method, which has a discrete analog of this property will conserve a discrete mass and total energy. We demonstrate this using aqua-planet simulations performed with CAM-HOMME (NCAR’s Community Atmospheric Model with the High-Order Method Modeling Environment dynamical core). CAM-HOMME uses a compatible numerical method on arbitrary unstructured quadrilateral grid. The equations described here are the full set of dynamical equations used by CAM. Aqua-planet simulations use the full suite of physics parametrizations as well. The only simplification is the use of idealized surface conditions. We report on the magnitude of the total energy budget in the dynamical core including estimates for the non-adiabatic processes. The practice of fixing dry total energy as opposed to the conserved total moist energy is shown to generate a forcing of − 0. 56 W/m2.

Energy-Bounded Flow Approximation on a Cartesian-Product Grid over Rough Terrain

Sustainable High-rises

توسعه پایدار تولید یک محصول در هر منطقه مستلزم توجه به سیر انرژی سامانه تولیدی آن است، در عین حال توجه به نهاده‌های ورودی سامانه تولیدی با نگرش مدیریت محیط زیست نیز از اهمیت ویژه ای برخوردار است. در این تحقیق انرژی مصرفی و انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای تولید چای در استان گیلان مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. اطلاعات از طریق مصاحبه حضوری با 75 چای‌کار گیلانی و تطبیق اطلاعات با دفترچه چای هر کشاورز جمع‌آوری شد. مجموع انرژی‌های ورودی 60/39060 مگاژول بر هکتار بود. کارایی انرژی 22/0 محاسبه شد. کودهای شیمیایی بیش‌ترین سهم را در انرژی‌های مصرفی و انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای به ترتیب با 55/58 و 22/74 درصد در تولید چای به خود اختصاص دادند. مجموع انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای تولید چای در منطقه kgCO2eq. ha-1 82/1281 بود. نتایج استفاده از تابع کاب داگلاس و تحلیل حساسیت انرژی تولید چای در استان گیلان نشان داد که تأثیر تمامی نهاده‌های انرژی ورودی به غیر از سموم شیمیایی بر عملکرد مثبت بود و تأثیر نهاده انرژی نیروی کارگری بر عملکرد در سطح یک درصد معنی‌دار شد. نهاده انرژی نیروی کارگری، حساس‌ترین و همچنین بیش‌ترین تأثیر را بر عملکرد داشت و پس از آن نهاده‌های انرژی ماشین‌ها و سموم شیمیایی بیش‌ترین تأثیر را بر عملکرد چای در استان گیلان داشتند. توسعه پایدار تولید یک محصول در هر منطقه مستلزم توجه به سیر انرژی سامانه تولیدی آن است، در عین حال توجه به نهاده‌های ورودی سامانه تولیدی با نگرش مدیریت محیط زیست نیز از اهمیت ویژه ای برخوردار است. در این تحقیق انرژی مصرفی و انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای تولید چای در استان گیلان مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. اطلاعات از طریق مصاحبه حضوری با 75 چای‌کار گیلانی و تطبیق اطلاعات با دفترچه چای هر کشاورز جمع‌آوری شد. مجموع انرژی‌های ورودی 60/39060 مگاژول بر هکتار بود. کارایی انرژی 22/0 محاسبه شد. کودهای شیمیایی بیش‌ترین سهم را در انرژی‌های مصرفی و انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای به ترتیب با 55/58 و 22/74 درصد در تولید چای به خود اختصاص دادند. مجموع انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای تولید چای در منطقه kgCO2eq. ha-1 82/1281 بود. نتایج استفاده از تابع کاب داگلاس و تحلیل حساسیت انرژی تولید چای در استان گیلان نشان داد که تأثیر تمامی نهاده‌های انرژی ورودی به غیر از سموم شیمیایی بر عملکرد مثبت بود و تأثیر نهاده انرژی نیروی کارگری بر عملکرد در سطح یک درصد معنی‌دار شد. نهاده انرژی نیروی کارگری، حساس‌ترین و همچنین بیش‌ترین تأثیر را بر عملکرد داشت و پس از آن نهاده‌های انرژی ماشین‌ها و سموم شیمیایی بیش‌ترین تأثیر را بر عملکرد چای در استان گیلان داشتند.

Purpose / Context – In order to achieve low energy housing, it is important to quantitatively and comprehensively determine the effectiveness of energy saving technologies and to evaluate the energy conservation performance of an entire house. Low Energy Housing with Validated Effectiveness (LEHVE) is one of the measures for home energy saving in Japan. The evaluation procedure of LEHVE can quantitatively show the energy saving effect of each technology, such as insulation and equipment, and total energy consumption of a house in the design phase. The LEHVE’s evaluation procedure is not mandatory, however it is widely used in Japan and its outcome has developed into Japan’s Energy Saving Standard. Methodology / Approach – Design data of newly-built houses are investigated using the LEHVE’s evaluation procedure to evaluate the energy conservation performance in both mild climate region and hot humid climate region in Shikoku island, Japan. The present situation of energy conservation performance of newly built housing is analysed using the obtained data of the both regions. In the analysis, energy consumption, energy reduction rates and adoption rates of elemental technologies, such as natural energy application technology, heat control technology of building envelopes and energy-efficient equipment technology, have been yielded. Results – 370 cases of design data of newly built timber houses in Japan, which were obtained between FY 2013 and FY 2015, have been analysed based on the LEHVE’s evaluation procedure. 265 cases of design data were obtained in mild climate region and 105 cases were obtained in hot humid climate region. As the analysis results, it is suggested that the energy conservation performance of the newly built houses has been improved year by year in the both regions. Key Findings / Implications – The energy conservation performance of the newly built houses in both mild climate region and hot humid climate region has been improved year by year. However, some natural energy application technologies, such as wind utilisation or daylight utilisation, have not been widely adopted in the houses even though the both regions have suitable climates for use of natural energy. Originality – Energy conservation performance of housing can be estimated by using the LEHVE’s evaluation procedure. 370 cases of the latest design data of newly built housing have been obtained in Shikoku island where only dozens of data had been available by previous studies.

Energy harvesting also called power harvesting or power scavenging is the technique by which power is derived from external resources .Solar Energy System (SES) plays vital role in renewable energy systems. In this paper the need, types, Active and Passive Solar System, first generation solar system, second generation solar systems, third generation solar systems, advantages and disadvantages of SES was discussed. Additionally, basics of Hydrogen Energy harvesting, NGs harvesting, geothermal energy harvestings, Tidal Energy Harvesting, Wind Energy Harvesting, Thermal Energy harvesting and Nuclear Energy Harvesting was discussed with neat circuit and images. Advantages and Disadvantages of Energy Harvesting are listed. This paper would be helpful for UG students to study the concept of energy harvesting from various sources. Keywords: Nuclear Energy, Nuclear Power Plant(Nuclear reactions ,nuclear fission, nuclear fusion), Hydro power plant, Thermal Energy, Nanoparticles, Tidal Energy, Energy Harvesting, Geothermal energy, Thermal Power plant Cite this Article Selva Vengatesh M., Rajanbabu A., Thangamuniyandi C., Ganesan J. Energy Harvesting Technology and its Potential applications – A Mini Review. Journal of Nuclear Engineering & Technology . 2019; 9(3): 33–43p.

IDEAS, “Intelligent Neighbourhood Energy Allocation & Supervision”, is a R&D project, focused on the development and operation of energy positive neighbourhoods. IDEAS aims at illustrating how communities, public authorities and utility companies across the EU can be engaged in this context. In addition, IDEAS focuses on the economic and environmental benefits of doing so. In this framework, IDEAS develops and validates different tools and business models needed for demonstrating the cost effective and incremental implementation of an energy positive neighbourhood. Energy Positive Neighbourhoods (EPNs) are those in which the annual energy demand is lower than annual energy supply from local renewable energy sources. The project includes two pilot sites: one in Bordeaux, France and another in Porvoo, Finland. The Finnish site makes extensive use of a local bio-CHP power plant. The CHP energy production power is, as typically, controlled according to district heat demand. IDEAS will demonstrate how the heat demand could be time shifted by interacting with the household heat controls for a residential neighbourhood, in order to function as a temporary heat buffer for the ESCo. This enables a more favourable energy production, which can be adapted to favour stochastic renewables as well, since the advantageous CHP energy is not as much bound to the real heat demand anymore. The Finnish pilot site includes a simulated wind turbine, a simulated battery and a simulated heat storage connected to the same Energy Management System (EMS). The French site is specific in terms of occupancy and energy usages. The IDEAS tools aims at providing real time information to the facility manager related to energy consumptions both at site and building level as well as energy production predictions so that he can optimise the energy functioning of the site. Moreover awareness tools are also developed to be used at different levels: tools dedicated to end-users’ awareness as well as pedagogical tool supporting the teaching staff in explaining and disseminating concepts underpinning the energy positive neighbourhood approach to the students or to people external to the site. The different tools have been deployed in the Finnish and French pilot sites and will be operated until autumn 2015. The work presented is part of the IDEAS Collaborative Project which is co-funded by the European Commission, Information Society and Media Directorate-General, under the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7).

Light energy management in peach: utilization, photoprotection , photodamage and recovery. Maximizing light absorption in orchard is not always the best solution

Climate change, limited fossil fuel availability and the dependency on energy carrier imports lead the European Union to the formulation of an energy policy for Europe. The EU sets the following criteria for its future energy supply: sustainability, security of supply and competitiveness. Considering the carbon dioxide emissions of fossil fuels and the unsolved problem of the ultimate disposal of radioactive waste, only renewable energy can currently be considered sustainable if applied in a socially acceptable way and in accordance with nature conservation. The use of renewable energy can also reduce the dependency on energy carrier imports. Contrary to fossil fuels, renewable energy will become cheaper in the future due to technological learning. The main disadvantage of some renewable energy resources is their fluctuating availability. Adaptation of the energy supply system must take place especially in the power sector in order to reliably cover fluctuating demand with fluctuating resources at any time. In this work, the energy system model ‘REMix’ (Renewable Energy Mix for Sustainable Electricity Supply) is developed. It uses data on the availability of renewable energy across Europe and North Africa (EUNA) to dimension low-cost power supply structures for the EUNA-region, or parts of it, under specific conditions, such as specified shares of renewable energy in the power supply or specified national self-supply shares. The model takes into account the costs of generation technologies, transmission lines and storage units, and finds a combination of these technologies and their geographic locations that is least-cost under the given assumptions. A geographic information system was used for the analysis of the installable capacities and power generation potentials of typical technologies for harnessing renewable energy resources. This analysis is described and the potentials of solar PV, solar CSP, wind onshore and wind offshore, biomass, hydro and geothermal power plants are shown in tables and maps. The data are used as input into a linear programming energy system model which uses them as constraints on the power supply system to be dimensioned. The model, its sensitivity to input parameter variations and a test application are described. The findings confirm the basic findings of other work in this field: transmission lines can be a crucial element of a low-cost, renewable-energy-based electricity supply because they enable balancing effects in a large grid and the use of the highest quality resources even in remote areas, such as deserts or at sea. However, the international cooperation that is necessary to reach the cost-minimum for a given supply task may not be reached by politics or resulting dependencies may be opposed to political goals. Therefore, REMix was built such that countries can be examined individually and the influence of different parameters on their energy supply costs and structure can be investigated. In the test model application, power supply systems for 36 regions in Europe and North Africa, almost all individual countries, are designed with REMix as island grids on the one hand and on the other hand as a network without transmission restrictions (other than the costs of the transmission lines). The model shows that in certain regions the island grid electricity costs can be much higher than, only a little higher than, or even lower than the electricity costs in the network, under the given technological and economic assumptions. The sensitivity to parameter variations is shown to be high; the results of the test application must therefore be considered one example of a technically feasible and efficient supply system but cannot claim to be least-cost in general.

Renewable energy sources as a solution for energy security risk: Empirical evidence from OECD countries

Contribution of Corticospinal Modulation and Total Electrical Energy for Peripheral-Nerve-Stimulation-Induced Neuroplasticity as Indexed by Additional Muscular Force.