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Monitoring of protected fungi species by methods of modern information technologies

Current deficiencies upon the regional Red Data Books producing have been considered. Especially, floristic, taxonomic, population-biology issues, as well as shortcomings in legislative regulation of Red Data Books prepara- tion are among them. The floristic issues are represented by findings and novelties in the flora composition discov- ered by both modern field studies and the herbaria stores revision. As a result, inclusion/exclusion of species in- to/from the Red Lists, or changing the protection status of a species can appear. The taxonomic aspects are repre- sented by the new species description, and taxonomic revision of known taxa. Obtaining the new data on the popula- tion status is an important criterion among the population-biology issues to assess rare and endangered species. In addition, concerns connected with the exhaustive use of resource plants, and the complications due to presence of an R-type component as part of the life strategy of the species are also emphasized. Special attention is paid to the insuf- ficiency of the existing regulatory framework when creating lists of regionally rare and endangered species, as well as those subject to protection throughout the whole Russia. In particular, the absence of the mechanism for such pro- cedure was noted, as well as the need for closer cooperation between biologists performing the assessment and selec- tion of species for protection at the federal level with biologists in the regions. Other legislative problems include: 1) the lack of uniform federal requirements for the procedure for maintaining regional Red Data Books; 2) various failures of legislation in terms of economic activities that cause damages of habitats of rare and endangered plant species, deterioration of their populations; 3) the lack of legislation providing the baseline for monitoring of popula- tions of rare and endangered plant species and, accordingly, the lack of stable financial support for such monitoring; 4) a crucial problem is the unacceptable practice of selecting organizations for the preparation of regional Red Data Books through the auctions, which leads to significant disorganization of work and, as a result, reduces or creates a risk of reducing the quality of the content of Red Data Books. It is noted that the existing regulatory and legislative shortcomings are the reasons for the formation of a shortage of scientific information about biological species subject to protection, which can lead to inaccurate estimates of the parameters of their populations and, as a result, generates risks of deterioration of their condition, up to the corresponding loss of biological diversity.

Dong Nai biosphere reserve (DNBR) is well known for its high level of biodiversity and of global meaningful ecosystem. The fauna includes 84 species of mammals belonging to 28 families, 10 orders; 407 bird species; 141 reptile and amphibian species; 175 fish species; 2,017 insect species. The fish fauna of DNBR maintains many rare and endangered fish species recorded in the Vietnam red book and international union for conservation of nature red list (IUCN's red list) such as Scleropages formosus and many other rare fish species, such as Morulius chrysophekadion, Chitala ornata, Probarbus jullieni, Cyclocheilichthys enoplos… This study was aimed to identify fish composition distributed in DNBR. After the sampling period (01/2019 to 08/2019), a total of 114 fish species belonging to 11 orders and 28 families were recorded in DNBR. There were 09 species of fish on the list of rare and endangered fish species of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Vietnam, 3 species (Chitala ornata, Cosmochilus harmandi and Hemibagus filamentus) on the Vietnam red list book; 01 species (Ompok bimaculatus) on the IUCN's red list, 11 exotic species, 78 commercial species and 13 species having potential as aquarium fish. In addition, the study also found the first presence of a species of phallostethid, Phenacostethus smithi in DNBR

Climate Change discusses the long-term metrological conditions and patterns. Besides nature, human development has drastically increased the chances of climate change by burning fossil fuels, including oil, gas, and coal. That resulted in turbulence among humans and plants, and animals. This vulnerability or changing climate dynamics has impacted the plants that are the earth's primary source of life. Egypt is one of the countries where the temperature has risen in the past decades due to climate change. In this country, the plants are affected by the vulnerability of this dynamic change of climate, especially the rare plant species. One of the most essential and abundant tools for determining plant species' biological and conservation activity is the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red list. Two species, namely Micromeria serbaliana and Veronica kaiseri, which are called out as critically endangered species, are evaluated in this study. After evaluation, it was seen that Micromeria serbaliana falls under the category of B1ab (iii) + 2ab (iii) and is termed an Endangered (EN) specie. The same situation is for another targeted species which is Veronica kaiseri, which qualifies as Endangered (EN) under categories B1ab (iii) +2ab (iii). Both species are declining and severely getting fragmented in their fields.

In support of the remedial investigation for Waste Area Grouping (WAG) 5, staff of the Environmental Sciences Division of Oak Ridge National Laboratory have conducted preliminary ecological assessment activities. A screening level ecological risk assessment has been completed, ambient toxicity tests have been conducted on streams and seeps within WAG 5, WAG 5 has been surveyed for rare and endangered species and wetlands, and wild turkeys that may feed on contaminated vegetation and insects in WAG 5 have been screened for beta-emitting isotopes and {sup 137}Cs. The screening-level ecological risk assessment identified some data gaps that were addressed in the ecological assessment plan. These include gaps in data on the toxicity of surface water and soil within WAG 5 and on the status of rare and endangered species. In addition, the screening-level risk assessment identified the need for data on the level of contaminants in wild turkeys that may be consumed by predatory wildlife and humans. Three rounds of ambient toxicity tests on six streams and seeps, using the microcrustacean Ceriodaphnia, have identified potential toxicity in three of the sample sites. Further tests are required to identify the toxicant. No rare or endangered animal species have been identified in the WAG 5 area.

Background: The Mabi-Yaya nature reserve, created in 2019, is a protected area located in the Mé region in the southeast of Côte d'Ivoire, precisely towards the city of Alépé and covers an area of 61,282,559 ha. This reserve is rich in biodiversity and plays an important role in the conservation of many endemic and threatened species. The regression of forest cover in Côte d'Ivoire appears spectacular over time and space. Aims: The present study analyzed the floristic diversity and conservation value of species recorded in the nature reserve of Mabi-Yaya. Methodology: Conservation, restoration and management of forest landscapes and natural and anthropized ecosystems. Nature reserve of Mabi-Yaya; February to July 2023. The data were collected according to surface and itinerant survey methods. A total of 20 plots of 2000 m2 (100 m x 20 m) were randomly installed on the site. All vascular species present in the sample surface were identified and the diameter at breast height (dbh) greater than or equal to 2.5 cm of woody plants 1.30 m from the ground was measured. The data was collected according to the methods of surface survey and itinerant. Results: This study identified 556 species in the massif, divided into 404 genera and 99 families, of which the most important were Fabaceae, Rubiaceae and Euphorbiaceae. Regarding the conservation attribute of biodiversity, 45 species with a special status have been identified. These are: 38 West African endemic species (GCW), 02 Ivorian endemic species (GCi). Eighteen (18) species on the IUCN red list (2025) and 09 species on the Aké-Assi list (1998). Among the 18 species on the IUCN red list, 16 species are vulnerable (VU) and 2 species are endangered (EN), including Placodiscus pseudostipularis Radlk. (Sapindaceae). The mode of dissemination of diaspores of species from the Mabi-Yaya reserve is endozoochory. Conclusion: Conservation efforts for endemic, rare and endangered species of the forest must be prioritized. At the end of this study, we can retain that the Mabi-Yaya nature reserve has a floristic richness estimated at 556 species. The reserve is characterized by a dominance in Guinean-Congolese species and phanerophytes. It is a rather diverse forest reflecting a great stability of the flora of the reserve.

At present, a large amount of species are facing with serious threats even dying out. Corresponding protective measures set standards for grading precious and endangered animals and plants. Therefore, we need to know the precious and endangered medicinal animals and plants and the currently used standards for grading them. This chapter will firstly introduce the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Categories and Criteria, CITES appendix standards, U.S. Endangered Species Act, endangered species criteria, grading standards for China Plant Red Data Book, grading standards for the endangered of red list, and the national directory standards of wild animals under special protection.

The Barbary macaque Macaca sylvanus, categorized as Endangered on the IUCN Red List, is the only macaque species found outside Asia. Conservation concern for the species arises from habitat loss, overgrazing, cutting and collection of firewood and fodder, drought, and the illegal pet trade. Population estimates since 1975 suggest an overall decline. Macaques are considered economic pests in the Middle Atlas of Morocco because they strip cedar Cedrus atlantica bark. The Moroccan department of Eaux et Forêts considers the stripping a serious threat to the cedar forests and has suggested that the macaque population is increasing. The aims of this study were therefore to determine the current status of the macaque in the Middle Atlas and to assess the contradictory claim that the Barbary macaque population is increasing versus the conclusions of a 2002 study that the population is decreasing. We conducted 244 km of line transects from June to December 2005 in the Middle Atlas. Our results indicate densities of 12.1–28.2 km−2. These estimates are lower than earlier estimates of 43–70 km−2 and corroborate the results of the 2002 survey indicating that the macaque population is in decline. Human-induced habitat loss and capture of infants for the pet trade appear to be the two main factors driving the decline. We make recommendations to mitigate these threats.

Наведено результати аналізу видового складу, географічного походження, таксаційних показників, зимостійкості, здатності до генеративного розвитку та розподілу за категоріями раритетності згідно до Червоним списком МСОП деревних інтродуцентів відділу Pinophyta ботанічного саду Чернівецького національного університету ім. Юрія Федьковича. З'ясовано, що в умовах відкритого ґрунту Саду зростає 39 видів раритетних дендроекзотів відділу Pinophyta із 20 родів, 4 родин. Проведено розподіл за категоріями раритетності відповідно до критеріїв Червоного списку МСОП і показано, що 66,7 % досліджуваних видів належить до таких, які перебуває під невеликою загрозою (категорія LC). Природоохоронний статус 17,9 % видів відповідає категоріям CR, EN і VU. За географічним походженням, домінують представники Східної Азії (19 видів) та Північної Америки (14 видів); ендемічними є 51,3 % видів. Установлено, що в умовах Саду всі види зберігають притаманну їм форму росту, при цьому 7 видів досягли характерної для них висоти. Абсолютно зимостійкими в умовах ботанічного саду є 35 видів; формують насіння – 22 види, з них розмножуються самосівом 5 видів. Виділено представників, які мають особливу історичну, колекційну і наукову цінність. Подальшому успішному збереженню досліджуваних видів в умовах Передкарпаття сприятимуть вивчення їхньої стійкості до біотичних факторів та з'ясування еколого-ценотичних особливостей.

Afzelia xylocarpa is listed as an endangered species on the IUCN World list of Threatened Trees, due to over exploitation for its valuable timber and habitat loss, have resulted in a rapid decline of populations size and local population extinction. Understanding of the processes that determine population genetic structure, gene flow and mating systems is important to conserve and manage the existing populations for this endangered tree species. This study describes the level of genetic diversity and differentiation of fifteen populations of A. xylocarpa in Thailand. Genetic variations at seven nuclear microsatellite loci were examined. The seven nuclear microsatellite loci employed detected a total of 53 alleles (n=432). The nSSRs data indicate that a high level of genetic diversity (HS = 0.575) and low level of genetic differentiation among the 15 examined A. xylocarpa populations. The observed level of genetic differentiation among the 15 populations was low, as revealed by FST = 0.074 and GST = 0.078. The results for the nSSRs suggested that all of the populations in North Eastern, Central Thailand and the Klong Lan populations harbored the high genetic diversity and less divergent from the other populations. Therefore, these populations should be assigned the highest priority for conservation of this species. Key words: Afzelia xylocarpa, genetic diversity, endangered species, tropical tree, conservation.

Muslim women are said to live in a male-dominated society with rigid sexual stratification: the seclusion and control of the sexual practices of a woman increase a man's status and power. This view has become more relevant with the process of Islamization in Morocco, as elsewhere. In reality, among the Berber people of the Middle Atlas, many divorced and widowed women see no economic alternative to becoming a prostitute. Cultural and global conditions have made the area a permissive zone for prostitution because of the local tradition of ritual dances that act as a marriage market, the absence of a focus on virginity, and because retired prostitutes can regain the respect of their community. Since the 1960s, Moroccan migrants returning temporarily home and male tourists from neighboring countries have given the Middle Atlas the reputation of a permissive zone for prostitution. (Berber, Morocco, prostitution, globalization) ********** A common perception is that honor is a critical theme for explaining status, power, and gender in Middle Eastern and North African society. Women especially feel the consequences of this as their reputation is of the utmost importance in upholding family honor. Virginity and chastity are central elements of this honor, so women's behavior is strictly controlled by having them married off early, veiled, and prevented from playing a role in the public domain. The theory is that women have a symbolic function for groups that strive for honor and superiority (Haddad 1998; Abu Lughod 1989; Peristiany 1968, 1966), so the behavior of women is used as an ideological instrument in the concern for status. The seclusion and control of their sexual practices increases a man's prestige: the crucial factor is women's modesty. Women who break the norms for their gender are subjected to social reprobation and occupy a marginal position in society. Women who cross the boundaries by working, remaining single, or entering the public sphere are stigmatized. Sex outside of marriage is condemned because unchecked instincts may lead to fitna (chaos) (Obermeyer 2000:241). This traditional cultural explanation has become more relevant with the process of Islamization in North African societies as elsewhere in the Muslim world. Over the last few decades, many people have adopted a lifestyle based on a more strict and orthodox interpretation of Islam, and women's sexuality is controlled in order to pressure them to become the bearers of constructed group identities (Ilkkaracan 2000:764, 765; Esposito 1998:xvi). The veil is undergoing a remarkable resurgence among Moroccan urban-dwellers (particularly among rich and middle-class families) and political parties have adopted the Sharia as the basis of moral order. Some Muslim populations have a more liberal view of religious praxis. The Berbers of the countryside are virtually pagans, say the orthodox and Arab people of the urban centers in Morocco (NRC Handelsblad 2002; Venema and Bakker 1994:8-10). But stricter practices have even become more common among rural populations. For example, the female dancers and singers among the Berber-speaking Chaouias in Algeria used to be hired by farmers to perform at harvest festivals. Their performance consisted of religious songs interchanged with bawdy love songs that contained suggestive proposals to which the harvesters replied gleefully. The women performed only on a temporary basis and their work was not perceived as indecent. However, since the spread of a more rigid and orthodox version of Islam in Algeria, these groups are no longer able to perform (Encyclopedie Berbere 1991:1223, 1224). The honor/shame complex places men and women in an opposition which may end up as a harem theory, argues Abu Lughod (1989). In this perspective there is a high degree of gender segregation, with women having a world of their own, and being idle, submissive, and veiled. According to Abu Lughod (1989), this prospect derives from the sexual dichotomies applied to Middle Eastern and North African societies, and such dichotomies as nature/culture and public/private fail to acknowledge the complex mixing that happens in practice. …

Monitoring rare and endangered species over the long term is challenging due to limited historical data and comparable methods. Climate and landscape changes can significantly impact species distributions, driving some to extinction. The Forest Owlet is an endangered bird considered extinct but rediscovered after 113 years in 1997. Since its rediscovery, followed by the description of its calls, there have been regular recent sightings of the species from newer locations, leading to its downlisting in the IUCN Red List from critically endangered to endangered. In the Dang region in Gujarat, India, there have been no historical records despite previous systematic ornithological studies over three decades, but have multiple sightings over the last few years. Although we now know a little more about the broad association of the species occurrence with habitat and climate variables, a major focus of this study is to estimate the reasons for the "appearance" of the Forest Owlet in Dangs. We revisited locations of past surveys to determine if the species is currently found in the study sites where it was previously unrecorded. We also examine whether new survey methods using playback of its call could enhance its detection. During resurveys, we located the Forest Owlet at new, previously unrecorded locations. Analyses of satellite imagery products revealed significant changes in the broader Dang landscape, including the loss of native forests, increased agriculture, and shifts in mean maximum temperature and rainfall. Our research suggests playback can enhance detection, although its effectiveness varies across landscapes. A detection strategy for long-term monitoring was developed using different acoustic detectors. An effective detection distance of 300 m within the habitat was achieved using automated recording units (ARUs). Although the species responds to climate and habitat change, the cause of the increased reports of this endangered species remains undetermined. However, we found increased detections using newer survey techniques involving bioacoustics. We recommend using these techniques carefully for future baseline studies, which are urgently required.

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list of ecosystems (RLE) has been adopted as a headline indicator for the Kunming-Montreal global biodiversity framework, highlighting its global significance. Limestone areas in South Korean are biodiversity hotspots with a high proportion of rare and endemic species due to their unique environmental conditions; however, they face severe threats from continuous limestone mining. This study assessed the collapse risk of limestone vegetation ecosystems in Korea using the IUCN RLE spatial criteria (criterion B). Based on digital geological maps, we mapped the distribution of major limestone areas, focusing on Gangwon-do and Chungcheongbuk-do. We calculated the extent of occurrence (EOO; criterion B1) and area of occupancy (AOO; criterion B2). To enhance precision, the AOO assessment incorporated grid uncertainty analysis and the 1% threshold rule. The results showed that the total area of limestone regions was approximately 2,760.8 km<sup>2</sup>. The EOO was calculated as 11,030.36 km<sup>2</sup>, classifying the ecosystem as endangered (EN). Conversely, the AOO assessment resulted in 76 grids (7,600 km<sup>2</sup>) even under the most conservative scenario (considering uncertainty and the 1% rule), classifying it as least concern. Following IUCN guidelines to adopt the highest risk category, the final status of the limestone ecosystem was determined as EN. This restricted geographic distribution implies high vulnerability to external threats. These findings provide essential scientific evidence for establishing national conservation strategies and achieving the 30×30 protected area target.

The majority of European orchids are of significant conservation importance, due to their specific ecological and biological requirements. The genus Epipactis Zinn. in Europe is well known for its intricate systematics and confused taxonomy. The E. tallosii A.Molnár & Robatsch was discovered and described relatively late (in 1997), it was described based on a single Hungarian population, at the southwestern foot of Bakony mountains, near the village of Nyirád. The occurrence of this species in Slovakia was known from the mid of 1990s but it was not identified until 1997. The presence of the species is also known in the Czech Republic and Romania. The E. tallosii is currently enlisted in the Endangered (EN) category of the Red List (Bilz et al., 2011), and is considered very rare, mostly represented by very small and isolated populations over its scattered distribution area. The area of occupancy of this orchid is below 500 km² and according to recent assessments the population exhibits a decreasing trend (Fay, 2011). This paper investigated the potentional spread of the rare species Epipactis tallosii in Central Europe based on currently known localities. Taxonomy of the representatives of this genus is very complicated due to the morphological differentiation of their flower. For instance, in Hungary it was found in gallery forests, oak and oak-hornbeam forests both on the lowlands and in more hilly regions, as well as in poplar plantations. According to most recent IUCN Red List E. tallosii is one of the most threatened orchids of Europe. Based on the known localities of this species, we tried to simulate potentionally distribution of the species the Central part of Europe. The spatial modeling was performed using Maxent software tools. The simulation includes 163 known localities of the species. The data sets of GIS layers corresponding to 19 ecological climatic factors, in addition to another layer – the altitude taken from the WorldClim systems. The map was built using Quantum – Gis and Diva –Gis information systems. The potentional area of occurence are established.

This paper presents the initial results of assessing the threatened status at the national level for several rare and endemic plants from Galichica National Park in North Macedonia: Dianthus galicicae Micevski, Centaurea galicicae Micevski, Centaurea soskae Košanin, Rindera graeca (DC.) Boiss. & Heldr. and Helichrysum zivojinii Černjavski & Soška. The threatened status and criteria were proposed according to the latest IUCN methodology guidelines. By applying the parameters set by this methodology, it was determined that Dianthus galicicae is Critically Endangered (CR), while Centaurea galicicae, Centaurea soskae, Rindera graeca, and Helichrysum zivojinii are Endangered (EN), according to various criteria that will be detailed in this paper.